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Saxena AK, Mutanen A, Gorter R, Conforti A, Bagolan P, De Coppi P, Soyer T. European Paediatric Surgeons' Association Consensus Statement on the Management of Neonatal Ovarian Simple Cysts. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2024; 34:215-221. [PMID: 37557903 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal ovarian simple cyst management from the pediatric surgical aspect is unclear on cyst size, follow-up, and preferred surgical approach. Therefore, this topic was selected for the 2022 Consensus Session meeting of the European Paediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA). METHODS The literature was reviewed on a predefined set of questions relating to the management of the neonatal ovarian simple cysts by a panel of 7 EUPSA members, on current evidence-based opinion and practice outlined. Each question (1) outcomes of fetal interventions in neonates after birth and consensus on size/timing of intervention, (2) consensus on the type of interventions, and (3) complications in neonatal ovarian cysts and follow-up recommendations in nonoperated/operated cysts, was presented with available evidence to congress session participants. The management approach was agreed by participants and comments were accounted to formulate the consensus statement. RESULTS There is still limited data on potential benefits and complications of prenatal ultrasound-guided aspiration; however, neonates after such procedures should be followed for 6 months. Neonates with simple ovarian cysts larger than 4 cm should be offered surgical interventions within the 2 weeks of life with complete laparoscopic cyst aspiration and fenestration with bipolar instruments being the preferred approach. Ultrasound follow-up after surgical intervention after 3 months and with the conservative approach after every 3 to 4 months until 1 year. CONCLUSION A peer-reviewed consensus statement for the management of neonatal ovarian simple cyst was formulated based on current evidence and peer practice. The EUPSA recognizes that the statement can be useful for pediatric surgeons in decision making for this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya K Saxena
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Annika Mutanen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramon Gorter
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Conforti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Bagolan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tutku Soyer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hacettepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ankara, Turkey
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Muto M, Yoshizato T, Horinouchi T, Yokomine M, Sakamoto Y, Ishii S, Kinoshita M, Kozuma Y, Ushijima K. Risk Factors in Fetal Ovarian Cysts for Postnatal Adverse Outcomes. Kurume Med J 2024; 69:127-133. [PMID: 38233187 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms6934002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the natural history of fetal ovarian cysts and elucidate the risk factors for postnatal adverse outcomes in fetal ovarian cysts. METHODS The study subjects were 18 cases with ovarian cysts prenatally diagnosed using ultrasonography at our hospital between 2007 and 2020. The subjects were classified by cyst characteristics according to echogenic patterns [simple cyst (S) and complex cyst (C)], changes in echogenic patterns (S-to-S, S-to-C, and C-to-C), and diameters (<40 and ≥ 40 mm). Clinical parameters and outcomes were compared between S and C patterns, S-to-S and S-to-C patterns, and <40 and ≥ 40 mm diameters. RESULTS Cases with S and C patterns (15 and 3, respectively) had median gestational ages of 35 and 36 weeks, respectively, and maximum cyst diameters of 36 and 57mm, respectively. The number of cases with S-to-S, S-to-C and C-to-C patterns were 11, 4 and 3, respectively. The maximum cyst diameter in cases with S-to-C patterns (58 mm) was larger than that in cases with S-to-S patterns (34 mm) (P<0.05). Placental weight in cases with cysts >40 mm and/or cyst expansion was greater than that in cases with neither or both conditions (P<0.05). Spontaneous resolution (before and after birth) occurred in 8 of 9 and 3 of 9 cases with maximum cyst diameters <40 and ≥ 40 mm, respectively. Ovarian function was lost in 2 cases with S-to-C patterns and in 2 cases with C-to-C patterns. CONCLUSION Cases with cyst diameters ≥ 40 mm and/or cyst expansion during the late third trimester had greater placental weight and more postnatal adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Muto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Yoshizato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Horinouchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Masato Yokomine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshitaka Sakamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Ishii
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yutaka Kozuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kimio Ushijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Melinte-Popescu AS, Popa RF, Harabor V, Nechita A, Harabor A, Adam AM, Vasilache IA, Melinte-Popescu M, Vaduva C, Socolov D. Managing Fetal Ovarian Cysts: Clinical Experience with a Rare Disorder. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040715. [PMID: 37109673 PMCID: PMC10145213 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fetal ovarian cysts (FOCs) are a very rare pathology that can be associated with maternal-fetal and neonatal complications. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ultrasound characteristics on FOC evolution and therapeutic management. Materials and Methods: We included cases admitted to our perinatal tertiary center between August 2016 and December 2022 with a prenatal or postnatal ultrasound evaluation indicative of FOC. We retrospectively analyzed the pre- and postnatal medical records, sonographic findings, operation protocols, and pathology reports. Results: This study investigated 20 cases of FOCs, of which 17 (85%) were diagnosed prenatally and 3 (15%) postnatally. The mean size of prenatally diagnosed ovarian cysts was 34.64 ± 12.53 mm for simple ovarian cysts and 55.16 ± 21.01 mm for complex ovarian cysts (p = 0.01). The simple FOCs ≤ 4 cm underwent resorption (n = 7, 70%) or size reduction (n = 3, 30%) without complications. Only 1 simple FOC greater than 4 cm reduced its size during follow-up, while 2 cases (66.6%) were complicated with ovarian torsion. Complex ovarian cysts diagnosed prenatally underwent resorption in only 1 case (25%), reduced in size in 1 case (25%), and were complicated with ovarian torsion in 2 cases (50%). Moreover, 2 simple (66.6%) and 1 complex (33.3%) fetal ovarian cysts were postnatally diagnosed. All of these simple ovarian cysts had a maximum diameter of ≤4 cm, and all of them underwent size reduction. The complex ovarian cyst of 4 cm underwent resorption during follow-up. Conclusions: Symptomatic neonatal ovarian cysts, as well as those that grow in size during sonographic follow-up, are in danger of ovarian torsion and should be operated on. Complex cysts and large cysts (with >4 cm diameter) could be followed up unless they become symptomatic or increase in dimensions during serial ultrasounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Sinziana Melinte-Popescu
- Department of Mother and Newborn Care, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, 'Ștefan cel Mare' University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Radu-Florin Popa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valeriu Harabor
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - AnaMaria Harabor
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Adam
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marian Melinte-Popescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, 'Ștefan cel Mare' University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Cristian Vaduva
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Demetra Socolov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Romiti A, Moro F, Ricci L, Codeca C, Pozzati F, Viggiano M, Vicario R, Fabietti I, Scambia G, Bagolan P, Testa AC, Caforio L. Using IOTA terminology to evaluate fetal ovarian cysts: analysis of 51 cysts over 10-year period. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 61:408-414. [PMID: 36123819 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe ultrasound features of fetal ovarian cysts as reported by the original ultrasound examiner, to apply International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) terminology after retrospective analysis of the images and to describe patient management and evolution of fetal cysts during pregnancy and after delivery. METHODS This retrospective observational study included pregnant women diagnosed on ultrasound examination with a fetal ovarian cyst at the Prenatal Diagnosis Division of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, in Rome, between March 2011 and May 2020. Cysts were classified by the original ultrasound examiner as 'simple' (unilocular anechoic cyst) or 'complex' (cyst with other morphology). In addition, three ultrasound examiners, experienced in gynecologic ultrasound, classified retrospectively the fetal ovarian cysts according to IOTA terminology, by reviewing stored ultrasound images. The evolution of these fetal ovarian cysts during pregnancy and after birth was recorded. RESULTS Included were 51 ovarian cysts in 48 fetuses. Of the 51 cysts, 29 (56.9%) had been classified by the original ultrasound examiner as 'simple', and 22 (43.1%) as 'complex'. Of the simple cysts, the majority (20/29 (69.0%)) resolved spontaneously after delivery, 2/29 (6.9%) resolved following intrauterine aspiration, 2/29 (6.9%) resolved after postnatal aspiration and 5/29 (17.2%) underwent surgery due to persistence after delivery; in all five, normal ovarian parenchyma without signs of necrosis was observed at histology. Of the complex cysts, 7/22 (31.8%) resolved spontaneously. The other 15/22 (68.2%) were removed surgically and, at histology, necrosis was observed in most (12/15 (80.0%)), while a benign epithelial cyst with normal ovarian parenchyma was observed in 3/15 (20%). After reviewing the ultrasound images and applying IOTA terminology, all 51 (100%) fetal cysts were described as unilocular; 29/51 (56.9%) cysts showed anechoic content (described as simple cysts by the original ultrasound examiner), and 10/51 (19.6%) had low-level, 1/51 (2.0%) had ground-glass, 9/51 (17.6%) had hemorrhagic, 1/51 (2.0%) had mixed and 1/51 (2.0%) had undefined content (all described as complex by the original ultrasound examiner). Among the 29 anechoic ovarian cysts, resolution was observed in most (24/29, 82.8%) cases. Similarly, resolution was observed in 7/10 (70.0%) cysts with low-level content. Resolution was not observed in any of the other 12 cysts and all of these cases underwent surgery, with evidence of necrosis being observed in 11 (91.7%). CONCLUSIONS Applying IOTA terminology provided a more detailed and accurate description of fetal ovarian cysts compared with the original classification into 'simple' and 'complex' categories. Anechoic cysts (described as simple cysts by the original ultrasound examiner) and cysts with low-level content (described as complex by the original ultrasound examiner) frequently resolved spontaneously. Cysts with ground-glass, hemorrhagic, mixed or undefined content were frequently associated with necrosis at histology following surgery. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romiti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Medical and Surgical Department of Foetus-Newborn-Infant, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Moro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | - L Ricci
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Medical and Surgical Department of Foetus-Newborn-Infant, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Codeca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | - F Pozzati
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | - M Viggiano
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Medical and Surgical Department of Foetus-Newborn-Infant, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Vicario
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Medical and Surgical Department of Foetus-Newborn-Infant, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - I Fabietti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Medical and Surgical Department of Foetus-Newborn-Infant, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Scambia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Rome, Italy
| | - P Bagolan
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Medical and Surgical Department of Foetus-Newborn-Infant, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A C Testa
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Rome, Italy
| | - L Caforio
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Medical and Surgical Department of Foetus-Newborn-Infant, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Fetal Ovarian Cyst-A Scoping Review of the Data from the Last 10 Years. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020186. [PMID: 36837388 PMCID: PMC9959090 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal cystic masses are diagnosed during the intrauterine period and have a relatively low incidence. Fetal ovarian cysts are the most common form diagnosed prenatally or immediately after birth. The pathophysiology of the development of these types of tumors is not fully elucidated, with ovarian hyperstimulation caused by maternal and placental hormones being the most accepted hypothesis. During intrauterine development, the diagnosis of fetal ovarian cysts is most often made accidentally during usual check-up ultrasounds corresponding to the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. We conducted a scoping review with the aim to map the current knowledge regarding the treatment of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed in the intrauterine period. Focusing on the articles published in the last 10 years in the specialized literature, we tried to identify a conceptualization regarding the surveillance and treatment of these anomalies.
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Mencía S, Alonso C, Pallás-Alonso C, López-Herce J. Evaluation and Treatment of Pain in Fetuses, Neonates and Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1688. [PMID: 36360416 PMCID: PMC9689143 DOI: 10.3390/children9111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The perception of pain is individual and differs between children and adults. The structures required to feel pain are developed at 24 weeks of gestation. However, pain assessment is complicated, especially in neonates, infants and preschool-age children. Clinical scales adapted to age are the most used methods for assessing and monitoring the degree of pain in children. They evaluate several behavioral and/or physiological parameters related to pain. Some monitors detect the physiological changes that occur in association with painful stimuli, but they do not yet have a clear clinical use. Multimodal analgesia is recommended for pain treatment with non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. It is necessary to establish pharmacotherapeutic protocols for analgesia adjusted to the acute or chronic, type and intensity of pain, as well as age. The most used analgesics in children are paracetamol, ibuprofen, dipyrone, opioids (morphine and fentanyl) and local anesthetics. Patient-controlled analgesia is an adequate alternative for adolescent and older children in specific situations, such as after surgery. In patients with severe or persistent pain, it is very important to consult with specific pain services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mencía
- Pediatric Intensive Care Service, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Gregorio Marañón Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Maternoinfantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Alonso
- Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pallás-Alonso
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Maternoinfantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús López-Herce
- Pediatric Intensive Care Service, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Gregorio Marañón Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Maternoinfantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Nitta H, Kinjo T, Kinjyo Y, Yamada H, Masamoto H, Aoki Y. Fetal ovarian cyst with prenatal torsion of the pedicle diagnosed in the third trimester: A case report. Case Rep Womens Health 2022; 36:e00443. [PMID: 36051433 PMCID: PMC9424354 DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2022.e00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Diagnosis, Management, and Therapy of Fetal Ovarian Cysts Detected by Prenatal Ultrasonography: A Report of 36 Cases and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122224. [PMID: 34943461 PMCID: PMC8700714 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal ovarian cysts are the most frequently diagnosed intra-abdominal cysts; however, the evidence for perinatal management remains controversial. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed cases of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography at our institution between January 2010 and January 2020. The following were investigated: gestational age at diagnosis, cyst size, appearance, prenatal ultrasound findings, and postnatal outcomes. Prior to 2018, expectant management was applied in all cases; after 2018, in utero aspiration (IUA) of simple cysts ≥40 mm was performed. RESULTS We diagnosed 29 and seven simple and complex cysts, respectively. Fourteen patients had simple cysts with a maximum diameter <40 mm, and two of them progressed to complex cysts during follow-up; however, when the diameter was limited to <35 mm, no cases showed progression to complex cyst. Fifteen of the simple cysts were ≥40 mm; three progressed to complex cysts, and two of them were confirmed to be ovarian necrosis. In four patients who underwent IUA, the ovaries could be preserved. CONCLUSIONS IUA is a promising therapy for preserving ovaries with simple cysts ≥40 mm in diameter; however, the indications for fetal surgery and the appropriate timing of intervention require further study.
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Doulaveris G, Vani K, Saccone G, Chauhan SP, Berghella V. Number and quality of randomized controlled trials in obstetrics published in the top general medical and obstetrics and gynecology journals. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021; 4:100509. [PMID: 34656731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increasing number of randomized controlled trials published in obstetrics and maternal-fetal medicine to reduce biases of treatment effect and to provide insights on the cause-effect of the relationship between treatment and outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify obstetrical randomized controlled trials published in top weekly general medical journals and monthly obstetrics and gynecology journals, to assess their quality in reporting and identify factors associated with publication in different journals. STUDY DESIGN The 4 weekly medical journals with the highest 2019 impact factor (New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, The Journal of the American Medical Association, and British Medical Journal), the top 4 monthly obstetrics and gynecology journals with obstetrics-related research (American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology), and the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Maternal-Fetal Medicine were searched for obstetrical randomized controlled trials in the years 2018 to 2020. The primary outcome was the number of obstetrical randomized controlled trials published in the obstetrics and gynecology journals vs the weekly medical journals and the percentage of trials published, overall and per journal. The secondary outcomes included the proportion of positive vs negative trials overall and per journal and the assessment of the study characteristics of published trials, including quality assessment criteria. RESULTS Of the 4024 original research articles published in the 9 journals during the 3-year study period, 1221 (30.3%) were randomized controlled trials, with 137 (11.2%) randomized controlled trials being in obstetrics (46 in 2018, 47 in 2019, and 44 studies in 2020). Furthermore, 33 (24.1%) were published in weekly medical journals, and 104 (75.9%) were published in obstetrics and gynecology journals. The percentage of obstetrical randomized controlled trials published ranged from 1.5% to 9.6% per journal. Overall, 34.3% of obstetrical trials were statistically significant or "positive" for the primary outcome. Notably, 24.8% of the trials were retrospectively registered after the enrollment of the first study patient. Trials published in the 4 weekly medical journals enrolled significantly more patients (1801 vs 180; P<.001), received more often funding from the federal government (78.8% vs 35.6%; P<.001), and were more likely to be multicenter (90.9% vs 42.3%; P<.001), non-United States based (69.7% vs 49.0%; P=.03), and double blinded (45.5% vs 18.3%; P=.003) than trials published in the obstetrics and gynecology journals. There was no difference in study type (noninferiority vs superiority) and trial quality characteristics, including pretrial registration, ethics approval statement, informed consent statement, and adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines statement between studies published in weekly medical journals and studies published in obstetrics and gynecology journals. CONCLUSION Approximately 45 trials in obstetrics are being published every year in the highest impact journals, with one-fourth being in the weekly medical journals and the remainder in the obstetrics and gynecology journals. Only about a third of published obstetrical trials are positive. Trials published in weekly medical journals are larger, more likely to be funded by the government, multicenter, international, and double blinded. Quality metrics are similar between weekly medical journals and obstetrics and gynecology journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Doulaveris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (Drs Doulaveris and Vani).
| | - Kavita Vani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (Drs Doulaveris and Vani)
| | - Gabriele Saccone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (Dr Saccone)
| | - Suneet P Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (Dr Chauhan)
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Dr Berghella)
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Abstract
This article reviews the contemporary diagnosis and management of the most common abdominal neoplasms and cystic lesions diagnosed in the fetus. Fetal tumors discussed include teratomas (sacrococcygeal, cervical or mediastinal), mesoblastic nephroma, nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor), neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma. Fetal abdominal cystic lesions discussed include ovarian cyst, choledochal cyst, intestinal duplication cyst, mesenteric cyst, simple hepatic cyst, and meconium pseudocyst. We discuss the rare indications for fetal intervention or fetal surgery and other perinatal management, including prenatal interventions and fetal surgery for sacrococcygeal teratoma. The lesions reviewed are detected by widespread use of screening ultrasonography during pregnancy. Work-up for these abnormalities may include fetal MRI which enhances the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal tumors and cystic lesions and can aid in characterization of the lesion in relationship to surrounding anatomic structures. Accurate prenatal diagnosis of such lesions permits recommendations for optimal location and timing of delivery, and inclusion of appropriate caregivers and expertise to facilitate postnatal management. Perinatal management of the fetus with a neoplasm requires consideration of the optimal timing and mode of delivery, and pediatric oncology and surgical specialty care. The majority of tumors diagnosed antenatally have good prognosis with current multimodality treatment.
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11
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Ben David Y, Sela N, Ben David C, Dujovni T. Case of fetal ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor: Complications and management. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2220-2224. [PMID: 33754426 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A prenatal ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) is a rare entity which may present as an intra-abdominal cyst. Due to its low incidence, optimal management and timing for intervention remain uncertain. This report presents a case of an intra-abdominal cystic structure in a female fetus, one of the two fetuses in a dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy, detected during routine fetal sonographic surveillance at 30 weeks of gestation. Further fetal evaluation detected the sonographic triad of an ovarian cystic mass, polyhydramnios and signs of fetal virilizations, requiring us to consider the presence of an atypical, ovarian androgen secreting tumor. Following delivery, acute ovarian torsion and intracystic hemorrhage required emergent surgical intervention, confirming the diagnosis of JGCT. Following surgical treatment, laboratory, clinical, and morphological features improved progressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Ben David
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitzan Sela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Chen Ben David
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Dujovni
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Pediatric Oncology unit, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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12
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Bascand HE, Marlow J, Kenwright DN, Stringer MD. Ruptured foetal corpus luteal cyst: a rare cause of congenital ascites. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:E663-E665. [PMID: 33650735 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Bascand
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jay Marlow
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Diane N Kenwright
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, The University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark D Stringer
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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13
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Zhou JL, Zhu XC, Fang YL, Huang R, Wang QY, Ge WP. Bilateral fetal ovarian autoamputation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2021; 106:204. [PMID: 32546541 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neonatal surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhu
- Department of Neonatal surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Long Fang
- Department of Neonatal surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Neonatal surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Wang
- Department of Neonatal surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu-Ping Ge
- Department of Neonatal surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Chiarenza SF, Conighi ML, Conforti A, Bleve C, Esposito C, Escolino M, Beretta F, Cheli M, Di Benedetto V, Scuderi MG, Casadio G, Marzaro M, Gambino M, Pini Prato A, Molinaro F, Gerocarni Nappo S, Caione P. Guidelines of the Italian Society of Videosurgery in Infancy (SIVI) for the minimally invasive treatment of fetal and neonatal ovarian cysts. LA PEDIATRIA MEDICA E CHIRURGICA 2020; 42. [PMID: 33140631 DOI: 10.4081/pmc.2020.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, fetal ovarian cysts were diagnosed more frequently, due to technological improvement and the increasing use of prenatal screening ultrasound. Nonetheless, treatment uncertainties are still present, either prenatally or postnatally. Recently, significant innovations on diagnosis and treatment have been proposed and a more conservative, minimally invasive approach may be offered to the Pediatrician or the Surgeon who face with this condition during prenatal or neonatal age. (...).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fabio Chiarenza
- Pediatric Surgery and Urologic Unit, Regional Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Urology, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza.
| | - Maria Luisa Conighi
- Pediatric Surgery and Urologic Unit, Regional Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Urology, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza.
| | - Andrea Conforti
- Congenital Esophageal Disorders Unit, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome.
| | - Cosimo Bleve
- Pediatric Surgery and Urologic Unit, Regional Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Urology, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza.
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Federico II University, Naples.
| | | | | | - Maurizio Cheli
- Pediatric Surgery Department Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo.
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Marzaro
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Local Health Unit 2, Treviso Hospital, Treviso.
| | - Marco Gambino
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Annunziata Civil Hospital, Cosenza.
| | - Alessio Pini Prato
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, The Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria.
| | - Francesco Molinaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Siena, Siena.
| | | | - Paolo Caione
- Pediatric Surgery and Urologic Unit, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome.
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15
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Diagnóstico ultrasonográfico de quiste ovárico fetal: reporte de caso. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Lewis S, Walker J, McHoney M. Antenatally detected abdominal cyst: Does cyst size and nature determine postnatal symptoms and outcome? Early Hum Dev 2020; 147:105102. [PMID: 32521469 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of antenatally detected fetal intra-abdominal cysts is highly variable and challenging to predict. Antenatal ultrasound scans may be of value in predicting postnatal outcome. AIMS To report antenatal and postnatal course of fetal intra-abdominal cysts identified on antenatal ultrasound and establish the value of cyst dimensions for predicting outcome. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SUBJECTS All intra-abdominal cysts diagnosed in a single centre between 2013 and 2019. OUTCOME MEASURES Cyst characteristics were recorded from radiological reports and postnatal diagnosis and outcomes documented. Growth characteristics were identified to distinguish different diagnosis. The maximum antenatal diameter of all cysts was identified and the best cut-off diameter to predict whether a cyst would persist postnatally or require surgery was identified. Best cut-off values were identified using Youden index. RESULTS Of the 38 cysts identified on antenatal ultrasound, 24 (63%) persisted postnatally, 8 required surgery (21%) and 4 (11%) were not considered an intra-abdominal cyst postnatally. Ovarian cyst and duplication cyst may have different growth characteristics. In the prediction of cysts persisting postnatally, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.66-0.95). Two cut off values were identified, 37.5 mm (50% sensitivity, specificity 100%, Youden's index 0.50) and 28.5 mm (sensitivity 65%, specificity 85%, Youden's index 0.50). In the prediction of surgery, no optimal diameter was found; AUC was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.34-0.81). CONCLUSIONS Maximum antenatal cyst diameter is useful for the prediction of whether a cyst will persist postnatally but not for the prediction of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lewis
- University of Edinburgh, School of Medicine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Jane Walker
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Merrill McHoney
- University of Edinburgh, School of Medicine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, 9 Sciennes Road, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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17
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Prenatal Diagnosis of a Cyst of the Canal of Nuck Associated With an Ovarian Cyst and Acute Polyhydramnios. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479320908228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the female, the canal of Nuck is a tubular fold of parietal peritoneum that travels along with the round ligament through the inguinal canal to its attachment on the labia majora. The canal of Nuck is analogous to the processus vaginalis in the male. In embryonic development, this pathway typically obliterates early in life; however, in some cases, it may partially or completely fail to close. This failure to obliterate can lead to complications ranging from a cyst of the canal of Nuck (also known as a female hydrocele) to herniation and incarceration of abdominal and pelvic organs. There is little information available in the medical literature concerning this rare condition; therefore, it is important for sonographers, physicians, and surgeons to be familiar with this developmental abnormality. This report represents the first prenatal case of a cyst of the canal of Nuck, along with the unique combination of a large left fetal ovarian cyst and acute polyhydramnios. The embryology, incidence, differential diagnosis, management, and treatment of these female conditions are discussed.
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