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Enlarged Abdominal Lymph Node as a Cause of Polyhydramnios in the Course of Congenital Neonatal Leukaemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on Foetal Abdominal Tumours with Coexisting Polyhydramnios. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216598. [PMID: 36362825 PMCID: PMC9656261 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydramnios represents a complication found in 0.2–2% of pregnancies, and it is usually diagnosed between 31 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Although most cases of polyhydramnios are idiopathic, maternal diabetes or foetal malformations constitute frequent causes of the excessive accumulation of the amniotic fluid. Considering the latter, polyhydramnios may rarely be caused by foetal abdominal tumours, with the incidence rate of 2–14 cases per 100,000 live births. Congenital neonatal leukaemia (CNL) is a rare disease with a reported incidence rate of 5–8.6 cases per million live births. In the prenatal period, the ultrasound abnormalities associated with CNL include hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. In this paper, we presented a case of polyhydramnios caused by mechanical pressure on the foetal gastrointestinal tract by an enlarged lymph node in the course of CNL, as well as reviewing the available literature on foetal abdominal tumours with concurrent polyhydramnios.
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Schwartz JH, Smith E. Prenatal presentation of an adrenocortical tumor. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1670. [PMID: 36052764 PMCID: PMC9575483 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatally identified suprarenal masses are most often found to be adrenal hemorrhage. The most common tumor in this situation is neuroblastoma. Case Presentation We report the case of a rare adrenocortical tumor found prenatally on ultrasound. While most patients with adrenocortical tumors present with virilizing symptoms, our patient did not have evidence of virilization and was presumed to have neuroblastoma. Conclusion Following a period of observation, our patient underwent surgical resection due to tumor growth revealing the unexpected diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
- UF Health Pediatric Subspecialty Clinic Pensacola Florida USA
| | - Erlyn Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
- UF Health Pediatric Subspecialty Clinic Pensacola Florida USA
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Mattone MC, Gil S, Costanzo M, Galluzzo Mutti ML, Casanovas A, Zaidman V, Lazzati JM, Ciaccio M, Belgorosky A, Guercio G. Pediatric adrenocortical tumors cohort characteristics and long-term follow-up at a single Argentinian tertiary center. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:19-27. [PMID: 34674406 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pediatric adrenocortical tumors are rare and heterogeneous endocrine malignancies. OBJECTIVES To report clinical, biochemical, and histological features, staging, and therapeutic interventions in a cohort of 28 patients treated at a single tertiary center. METHODS A retrospective review of medical records of children with PACT (diagnosed before <18 years of age) followed between 1987-2018 at Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis was 4.6 years (range, 0.3-17.3 years) and median follow-up was 4.17 years (range, 0-12 years). Female to male ratio was 2.5:1. Signs and symptoms that prompted medical intervention were hormonal overproduction (57%), abdominal complaints (36%), and hypertensive encephalopathy (7%). In patients with clinically virilizing tumors (n=16) mean height standard deviation score (SDS) and bone age advance were significantly higher while body mass index (BMI) SDS was significantly lower than in those with clinical Cushing's (n=10) (p<0.05). Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were significantly higher in stage IV than in stage I (p=0.03). Total adrenalectomy was performed in 26 patients. Eight patients (stage III-IV) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Five-year overall and disease-free survival were 100% for ST I-II, and 51% (95% CI 21-82) and 33% (95% CI 1.2-65) for ST III-IV, respectively (p=0.002). No statistical difference was found when comparing 2-year parameters with and without adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Height SDS and BMI SDS seem to mirror hormonal secretion in pediatric adrenocortical tumors. Higher DHEAS levels were found in patients with more advanced disease. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate a possible role for DHEAS as a biochemical marker of tumor stage and to draw robust conclusions on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Celeste Mattone
- Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Gil
- Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Alejandra Casanovas
- Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Marta Ciaccio
- Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Belgorosky
- Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Guercio
- Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Birkemeier KL. Imaging of solid congenital abdominal masses: a review of the literature and practical approach to image interpretation. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1907-1920. [PMID: 33252758 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal abdominal tumors are rare, usually benign, and cause a great deal of anxiety for expectant parents and the physicians counseling them. In this paper the author reviews the most common fetal abdominal tumors in the liver (hemangioma, mesenchymal hamartoma, hepatoblastoma, metastases) and the kidney (congenital mesoblastic nephroma, Wilms tumor, malignant rhabdoid tumor, and clear cell sarcoma), and suprarenal mass lesions (adrenal neuroblastoma, adrenal hemorrhage, and subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration). The author describes the imaging approach, imaging appearance and differentiating features of tumors, and differences between fetal and childhood appearances of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Birkemeier
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Section, Baylor Scott and White Health-Temple, McLane Children's Medical Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2401 S. 31st St., MS-01-W256, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
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Castro P, Paula Matos A, Werner H, Fazecas T, Nogueira R, Daltro P, Araujo Júnior E. Prenatal diagnosis of suprarenal mass by magnetic resonance imaging: a case series. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:3882-3886. [PMID: 29712514 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1471679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the perinatal outcomes and postnatal follow-up of prenatally diagnosed suprarenal masses (SRMs) evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Thirteen fetuses with SRMs detected during routine prenatal ultrasound screening were evaluated by MRI between February 2007 and May 2015. The prenatal characteristics of the masses, complications of the pregnancies, and related malformations were collected as the postnatal clinical, radiological, and pathological data. Results: The median gestational age at MRI was 30 weeks (18-41), and birth weight was 3285 (1700-3750) g. The mean follow-up period was 6 years (1.3-10). We observed 69.2% of the masses, which were predominantly cystic (69.2%), located on the left side. Associated malformations were found in 23% of the fetuses, with congenital heart defects being more prevalent. During the pregnancy, 15.4% of the fetuses had involution of the SRM, and one fetus had surgical treatment and different ultrasound and MRI diagnoses. Of the 69.2% of the cases, spontaneous resolution occurred in 30.7% during the first year of life and 38.4% the masses presented without modifications or signs of regression since the neonatal period. Conclusions: Prenatal SRMs were associated with congenital heart defects. Spontaneous regression and absence of modifications in the masses were commonly observed in the long-term follow-up of the SRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Castro
- a Department of Radiology , Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Matos
- a Department of Radiology , Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Heron Werner
- a Department of Radiology , Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Tatiana Fazecas
- a Department of Radiology , Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Renata Nogueira
- a Department of Radiology , Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Pedro Daltro
- a Department of Radiology , Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- b Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine , Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
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Özsürmeli M, Büyükkurt S, Özden Ö, Sucu M, Çetin C, Tuncay Özgünen F. What is your diagnosis? J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2017; 18:60-61. [PMID: 28506953 PMCID: PMC5450213 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.2016.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Özsürmeli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Çukurova, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Selim Büyükkurt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Çukurova, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Önder Özden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Çukurova, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mete Sucu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Çukurova, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cihan Çetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tuncay Özgünen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Çukurova, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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Prenatal diagnosis of fetal adrenal hemorrhage and endocrinologic evaluation. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2016; 59:238-40. [PMID: 27200316 PMCID: PMC4871942 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2016.59.3.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a fetal adrenal hemorrhage, a rare disease in fetal life, detected prenatally at 36 weeks' gestation by ultrasound. Routine ultrasound examination at 36 weeks' gestation by primary obstetrician showed a cyst on the fetal suprarenal area. Initially, the suspected diagnosis was a fetal adrenal hemorrhage, but we should diagnose differently from neuroblastoma. Subsequent ultrasound examination at 38 and 39 weeks' gestation showed increase of the cyst in size. A 3.34-kg-male neonate was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery at 39 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis of adrenal hemorrhage was confirmed by postnatal follow-up sonograms and magnetic resonance imaging. Course and sonographic signs were typical for adrenal hemorrhage and the neonate was therefore managed without surgical exploration.
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Prenatal diagnosis of adrenal neuroblastoma: a case report with a brief review of the literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2013:506490. [PMID: 23607014 PMCID: PMC3623461 DOI: 10.1155/2013/506490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of adrenal cystic neuroblastoma detected at 37 weeks of gestation is reported. Postnatal ultrasonographic examination showed slightly increased in size demonstrating marked septations within the cyst. After the tumor was resected, histopathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis. The patient is developing normally at 1 year of age.
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Singhal M, Kang M, Khadwal A, Duggal R, Rajwanshi A, Khandelwal N. An unusual presentation of congenital adrenocortical carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Cancer Imaging 2012; 12:118-21. [PMID: 22542918 PMCID: PMC3362873 DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of congenital non-functional adrenocortical carcinoma in a male infant who presented with recurrent pneumonia, paraparesis and sclerotic skeletal metastasis. To the best of our knowledge such presentation has never been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manphool Singhal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pediatric age group. Clinical presentation of neuroblastoma is mostly related to origin of the tumor, extent of disease, and the presence of paraneoplastic syndromes. Here the authors report a neonate with neuroblastoma with an atypical presentation, diagnosed with postnatal abdominal ultrasonography performed due to polyhydramniosis in her mother during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Küpeli
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Institute of Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ribeiro RC, Pinto EM, Zambetti GP. Familial predisposition to adrenocortical tumors: clinical and biological features and management strategies. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 24:477-90. [PMID: 20833338 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) is increased in several familial cancer syndromes resulting from abnormalities in genes that encode transcription factors implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, and genomic instability. These include P53, MEN1, APC, and PRKAR1A. Adenomas are the most common ACTs, but adrenocortical carcinomas occur rarely as well. The clinical manifestations of ACTs, which result from increased secretion of adrenocortical hormones, are similar in the familial and sporadic forms of the disease. However, their management may differ because of unique aspects of the constitutional syndromes. The analysis of gene expression profiles of ACTs in these constitutional syndromes have contributed to our understanding of adrenal tumorigenesis and revealed new molecular diagnostic and prognostic markers and candidate genes for targeted therapies. This chapter summarizes the clinical and biological features, pathogenesis, and management strategies for ACTs that develop in patients with familial cancer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.
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Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors occur less often in the fetus and newborn than later in life. The purpose of this study was to focus on the fetus and newborn in an attempt to determine the various ways these tumors differ in their biologic behavior, pathology, clinical presentation and response to therapy from those occurring in the older child and adolescent. Twenty-five fetuses and newborns were diagnosed with ACTs prenatally (n = 3) and in the newborn period (n = 22). The study consisted of two main neoplasms: adrenocortical adenoma, 24%, and adrenocortical carcinoma, 76%. The most common presenting finding was an abdominal mass. Overall survival for patients with ACA and ACC were 33% and 53%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hart Isaacs
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
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13
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Tumours of the fetal body: a review. Pediatr Radiol 2009; 39:1147-57. [PMID: 19238373 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-009-1160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumours of the fetal body are rare, but lesions have been reported in all spaces, especially in the mediastinum, the pericardial space, the adrenals, the kidney, and the liver. Lymphangioma and teratoma are the commonest histological types encountered, followed by cardiac rhabdomyoma. Adrenal neuroblastoma is the commonest malignant tumour. Imaging plays an essential role in the detection and work-up of these tumours. In addition to assisting clinicians it also helps in counselling parents. Most tumours are detected by antenatal US, but fetal MRI is increasingly used as it brings significant additional information in terms of tumour extent, composition and complications.
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Sebire NJ, Jauniaux E. Fetal and placental malignancies: prenatal diagnosis and management. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2009; 33:235-244. [PMID: 19009536 DOI: 10.1002/uog.6246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fetal and placental malignancies are rare complications during pregnancy, but when they occur they may present significant challenges for the perinatology team. Owing to their rarity, there is limited information on many of these entities, with much data derived from individual case reports or small case series. Prenatal diagnosis of these entities is rare and inconsistent, usually in the form of isolated case reports. In the majority of fetal tumors, prenatal features are those of a mass lesion, with or without other non-specific features of fetal compromise such as polyhydramnios, fetal hydrops or intrauterine death, the final diagnosis in most cases being based on postnatal pathological examination.Expectant management is almost always indicated antenatally, with serial ultrasound examinations performed to detect rapid enlargement, metastasis or secondary fetal complications, such as non-immune hydrops, which may require intervention. Delivery should be planned in a specialist center in conjunction with pediatric surgeons and oncologists to allow appropriate neonatal management. Placental malignancy is most commonly in the form of gestatational trophoblastic disease, which requires assessment and management in specialist centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Sebire
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Alsultan A, Lovell MA, Hayes KL, Allshouse MJ, Garrington TP. Simultaneous occurrence of right adrenocortical tumor and left adrenal neuroblastoma in an infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 51:695-8. [PMID: 18668518 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) have increased risk for development of embryonal tumors. We present the case of an infant with BWS who has hypomethylation of LIT1 gene in the 11p15.5 chromosomal region and at 6 months of age presented with simultaneous occurrence of neuroblastoma arising from the left adrenal gland and a right adrenocortical tumor. She underwent surgical resection of both tumors and remains tumor free 18 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alsultan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver and The Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Sherer DM, Dalloul M, Wagreich A, Sokolovski M, Duan H, Zinn H, Abulafia O. Prenatal sonographic findings of congenital adrenal cortical adenoma. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2008; 27:1091-1093. [PMID: 18577675 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2008.27.7.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of prenatally diagnosed adrenal masses includes neuroblastoma, adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal and cortical renal cysts, adrenal adenoma and carcinoma, subdiaphragmatic pulmonary sequestration, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, duplication of the renal system, Wilms tumors, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, and mesenteric and enteric duplication cysts. The worldwide annual incidence of childhood adrenal cortical neoplasms ranges between 0.3 and 0.38 per 1 million children younger than 15 years. These neoplasms are even more unusual among infants, with only 23 cases reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Sherer
- Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203-2098, USA.
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Schrauder M, Hammersen G, Siemer J, Goecke T, Meurer B, Hart N, Beckmann M, Schild R. Fetal Adrenal Haemorrhage – Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther 2007; 23:72-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen CP. Syndromes and Disorders Associated with Omphalocele (I): Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 46:96-102. [PMID: 17638616 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(07)60002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS, OMIM 130650) is characterized by macrosomia, macroglossia, visceromegaly, hemihypertrophy, abdominal wall defects, ear creases/pits, neonatal hypoglycemia, polyhydramnios, placentomegaly, placental mesenchymal dysplasia, cardiac defects, nevus flammeus, hemangiomata, and an increased frequency of embryonal tumors. This article provides an overview of BWS including the genetics, genetic diagnosis, genotype/epigenotype-phenotype correlations, association with assisted reproductive technology, and prenatal diagnosis. Omphalocele is an important sonographic marker for BWS. Prenatal detection of omphalocele, fetal overgrowth, polyhydramnios, increased abdominal circumference, placentomegaly and/or placental mesenchymal dysplasia should alert one to the possibility of BWS and prompt a genetic investigation and counseling for BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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