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Tello JA, Jiang L, Zohar Y, Restifo LL. Drosophila CASK regulates brain size and neuronal morphogenesis, providing a genetic model of postnatal microcephaly suitable for drug discovery. Neural Dev 2023; 18:6. [PMID: 37805506 PMCID: PMC10559581 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-023-00174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CASK-related neurodevelopmental disorders are untreatable. Affected children show variable severity, with microcephaly, intellectual disability (ID), and short stature as common features. X-linked human CASK shows dosage sensitivity with haploinsufficiency in females. CASK protein has multiple domains, binding partners, and proposed functions at synapses and in the nucleus. Human and Drosophila CASK show high amino-acid-sequence similarity in all functional domains. Flies homozygous for a hypomorphic CASK mutation (∆18) have motor and cognitive deficits. A Drosophila genetic model of CASK-related disorders could have great scientific and translational value. METHODS We assessed the effects of CASK loss of function on morphological phenotypes in Drosophila using established genetic, histological, and primary neuronal culture approaches. NeuronMetrics software was used to quantify neurite-arbor morphology. Standard nonparametric statistics methods were supplemented by linear mixed effects modeling in some cases. Microfluidic devices of varied dimensions were fabricated and numerous fluid-flow parameters were used to induce oscillatory stress fields on CNS tissue. Dissociation into viable neurons and neurite outgrowth in vitro were assessed. RESULTS We demonstrated that ∆18 homozygous flies have small brains, small heads, and short bodies. When neurons from developing CASK-mutant CNS were cultured in vitro, they grew small neurite arbors with a distinctive, quantifiable "bushy" morphology that was significantly rescued by transgenic CASK+. As in humans, the bushy phenotype showed dosage-sensitive severity. To overcome the limitations of manual tissue trituration for neuronal culture, we optimized the design and operation of a microfluidic system for standardized, automated dissociation of CNS tissue into individual viable neurons. Neurons from CASK-mutant CNS dissociated in the microfluidic system recapitulate the bushy morphology. Moreover, for any given genotype, device-dissociated neurons grew larger arbors than did manually dissociated neurons. This automated dissociation method is also effective for rodent CNS. CONCLUSIONS These biological and engineering advances set the stage for drug discovery using the Drosophila model of CASK-related disorders. The bushy phenotype provides a cell-based assay for compound screening. Nearly a dozen genes encoding CASK-binding proteins or transcriptional targets also have brain-development mutant phenotypes, including ID. Hence, drugs that improve CASK phenotypes might also benefit children with disorders due to mutant CASK partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Tello
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5023, USA
- Present address: Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Linan Jiang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yitshak Zohar
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- BIO5 Interdisciplinary Research Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Linda L Restifo
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5023, USA.
- BIO5 Interdisciplinary Research Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Flierman S, Tijsterman M, Rousian M, de Bakker BS. Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold Standard. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051084. [PMID: 37240729 DOI: 10.3390/life13051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For over half a century, the Carnegie staging system has been used for the unification of chronology in human embryo development. Despite the system's establishment as a "universal" system, Carnegie staging reference charts display a high level of variation. To establish a clear understanding for embryologists and medical professionals, we aimed to answer the following question: does a gold standard of Carnegie staging exist, and if so, which set of proposed measures/characteristics would it include? We aimed to provide a clear overview of the variations in published Carnegie staging charts to compare and analyze these differences and propose potential explanatory factors. A review of the literature was performed, wherein 113 publications were identified and screened based on title and abstract. Twenty-six relevant titles and abstracts were assessed based on the full text. After exclusion, nine remaining publications were critically appraised. We observed consistent variations in data sets, especially regarding embryonic age, varying as large as 11 days between publications. Similarly, for embryonic length, large variations were present. These large variations are possibly attributable to sampling differences, developing technology, and differences in data collection. Based on the reviewed studies, we propose the Carnegie staging system of Prof. Hill as a gold standard amongst the available data sets in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Flierman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Tijsterman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melek Rousian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadette S de Bakker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Gembicki M, Offerman DR, Weichert J. Semiautomatic Assessment of Fetal Fractional Limb Volume for Weight Prediction in Clinical Praxis: How Does It Perform in Routine Use? JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:355-364. [PMID: 33830545 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Semiautomatic fractional limb volume (FLV) models have recently produced promising results for fetal birth weight (BW) estimation. We tested those models in a more unselected population hypothesizing that the FLV models would improve accuracy and precision of fetal BW estimation compared to the Hadlock model. METHODS We compared the performance of different BW prediction models: Hadlock (biparietal diameter [BPD], abdominal circumference (AC), femur diaphysis length) and modified Lee thigh volume (TVol) and arm volume (AVol) (BPD, AC, automated fractional TVol, and AVol). Accuracy (systematic errors, mean percent differences) and precision (random errors, ± 1 SD of percent differences) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 75 fetuses were included for final analysis. The Hadlock model showed the most consistent results with accurate BW estimation not significantly different from zero (-0.37 ± 8.53%). The modified fractional thigh and arm volume models were less accurate but trended toward more precise results (-2.63 ± 7.69% and -3.85 ± 7.47%, respectively). In addition, the modified TVol model showed the trend to predict more BWs within ±10% of the actual BW compared to the Hadlock model (81.3 versus 74.67%, ns). CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, fetal weight estimation using the modified semiautomatic FLV models generates less accurate results in third-trimester fetuses compared to the Hadlock model. Those models recently published might improve the results of BW prediction by showing a higher precision than conventional models, especially in small and large fetuses. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical usefulness of the new models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gembicki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - David R Offerman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jan Weichert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
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Shi L, Yuan L, Zhou L, Zhang S, Lei X. Study on the Impact of Online Courses for Pregnant and Lying-In Women on Maternal and Infant Health during the Epidemic. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:4019210. [PMID: 34966522 PMCID: PMC8712145 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4019210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of the new crown pneumonia has brought online learning from a supporting role to the center of the teaching stage in an instant. On the basis of the feasibility analysis and demand analysis of the microcourse learning system, this paper uses Sina cloud server to build the WeChat public platform learning online course and designs and implements the microcourse learning system function based on the microcourse public platform. We completed the recording, editing, publishing, and testing of microclass courses and provided services for teachers and pregnant women's microclass learning in order to achieve better learning results. A total of 151 people regularly participate in maternity school courses, accounting for 30.4%. There are 190 people who have never attended the maternity school course, accounting for 38.2%. There are 156 people who occasionally participate in maternity school courses, accounting for 31.4%. The top five sources of health information during pregnancy are books, maternity schools, experience of elders, the Internet, and television. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that pregnant women of different ages had statistically different scores in the dimensions of knowledge and ideas (P < 0.05). There are statistical differences in the scores of pregnant women with different economic incomes in this dimension (P < 0.05). The women with economic income ≥5000 yuan/month have the highest scores, and those with economic income ≥5000 yuan/month have the lowest scores. The scores of pregnant women who participated in the maternity school were significantly higher than those who did not participate in the maternity school (P < 0.05). There are statistical differences in the scores of maternal and child health basic skills among pregnant women of different age groups (P < 0.05). The women aged ≥35 years old have the highest scores, and those aged 20-24 years old have the lowest scores. The differences in the scores of pregnant women with different economic incomes in this dimension are statistically significant (P<0.05). The women with economic income ≥5000 yuan/month have the highest score, and those with economic income<2000 yuan/month have the lowest score. Participation in maternity schools has an impact on the scores of this dimension. Pregnant women who regularly participate in maternity schools have the highest average scores, and those who do not participate in maternity schools have the lowest average scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfang Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shuixian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization: Current Collection Approaches, Stem Cell Heterogeneity, and a Proposed New Method for Stem Cell Transplant Conditioning. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1939-1953. [PMID: 34661830 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells naturally traffic out of their bone marrow niches into the peripheral blood. This natural trafficking process can be enhanced with numerous pharmacologic agents - a process termed "mobilization" - and the mobilized stem cells can be collected for transplantation. We review the current state of mobilization with an update on recent clinical trials and new biologic mechanisms regulating stem cell trafficking. We propose that hematopoietic mobilization can be used to answer questions regarding hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity, can be used for non-toxic conditioning of patients receiving stem cell transplants, and can enhance gene editing and gene therapy strategies to cure genetic diseases.
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Essawi WM, El-Raghi AA, Ali F, Nassan MA, Neamat-Allah ANF, Hassan MAE. The Association of the Potential Risk Factors and Nutrition Elements with Abortion and Calving Rates of Egyptian Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072043. [PMID: 34359171 PMCID: PMC8300411 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The association of the risk factors, serum constituents related to abortion and calving rates were investigated. Multiparous buffaloes were less likely to abort and more likely to calving than primiparous. Dry buffaloes had lesser odds of abortion and were six times more likely to give birth than those lactating. Conversely, the sex of the fetus had no impact. In aborted animals, serum glucose and copper were higher, whereas urea, uric acid, total proteins, total cholesterol, phosphorus, magnesium and iron were lower than in normal pregnancy. This emphasizes that risk factors and serum constituents associated with abortion aid to construct suitable preventive measures to raise reproductive performance. Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate risk factors, serum minerals, and metabolites associated with non-infectious abortion and calving rates of Egyptian buffaloes. Data were obtained from 364 pregnant buffaloes of different ages and parities over 7 years from 2014 to 2020. Body condition score (BCS) was a risk factor regarding abortion and calving; the thinnest buffaloes were more likely to abort and less likely to calving than those with body energy reserves. In comparison with the spring season, aborting probability decreased 49.7% the odds ratio (OR = 0.503), while the chance of calving increased 72.1% (OR = 1.721) during winter. The parity was another significant factor related to abortion and calving rates; multiparous buffaloes were less likely to abort and more likely to calving than primiparous. Dry buffaloes had 88.2% (OR = 0.118) lesser odds of abortion and six times (OR = 6.012) more likely to give birth than those lactating. The sex of the fetus was not a risk factor regarding abortion or calving. Other variables significantly associated with abortion rate were glucose and copper in the sera of aborted buffaloes were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and those of urea, uric acid, total protein, total cholesterol, phosphorus, magnesium and iron were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than a normal pregnancy. In conclusion, the present results emphasize that the identification of the risk factors, serum minerals and metabolites associated with fetus abortion of Egyptian buffalo may provide useful information, which assists to construct suitable preventive measures to raise reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M. Essawi
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt;
| | - Fatma Ali
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed N. F. Neamat-Allah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt;
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AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of Detailed Diagnostic Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations Between 12 Weeks 0 Days and 13 Weeks 6 Days. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:E1-E16. [PMID: 32852128 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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8
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Ouyang Y, Qin J, Lin G, Xiang S, Li X. Reference intervals of gestational sac, yolk sac, embryonic length, embryonic heart rate at 6-10 weeks after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:533. [PMID: 32928137 PMCID: PMC7488996 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately determining the normal range of early pregnancy markers can help to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes. The variance in ovulation days leads to uncertain accuracy of reference intervals for natural pregnancies. While the gestational age (GA) is accurate estimation during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Thus, the objective of this research is to construct reference intervals for gestational sac diameter (GSD), yolk sac diameter (YSD), embryonic length (or crown–rump length, CRL) and embryonic heart rate (HR) at 6–10 gestational weeks (GW) after IVF-ET. Methods From January 2010 to December 2016, 30,416 eligible singleton pregnancies were retrospectively recruited. All included participants had full records of early ultrasound measurements and phenotypically normal live neonates after 37 GW, with birth weights > the 5th percentile for gestational age. The curve-fitting method was used to screen the optimal models to predict GSD, CRL, YSD and HR based on gestational days (GD) and GW. Additionally, the percentile method was used to calculate the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles. Results There were significant associations among GSD, CRL, YSD, HR and GD and GW, the models were GSD = − 29.180 + 1.070 GD (coefficient of determination [R2] = 0.796), CRL = − 11.960 - 0.147 GD + 0.011 GD2 (R2 = 0.976), YSD = − 2.304 + 0.184 GD - 0.011 GD2 (R2 = 0.500), HR = − 350.410 + 15.398 GD - 0.112 GD2 (R2 = 0.911); and GSD = − 29.180 + 7.492 GW (R2 = 0.796), CRL = − 11.960 - 1.028 GW + 0.535 GW2 (R2 = 0.976), YSD = − 2.304 + 1.288 GW - 0.054 GW2 (R2 = 0.500), HR = − 350.410 + 107.788 GW - 5.488 GW2 (R2 = 0.911), (p < 0.001). Conclusions Reference intervals for GSD, YSD, HR and CRL at 6–10 gestational weeks after IVF-ET were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ouyang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center For Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center For Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China. .,Clinical Research Center For Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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Dubinsky TJ, Sonneborn R. Trouble With the Curve: Pearls and Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Fetal Growth. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:1839-1846. [PMID: 32329929 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor fetal growth is one of the most important findings on an obstetric ultrasound (US) examination. First-trimester US is the most accurate means for dating pregnancies; however, dating based on last menstrual period remains the standard for determining gestational age. Discrepancies between menstrual and US dating can lead to the overdiagnosis of in utero growth restriction (IUGR). This article will demonstrate that as long as the fetal growth falls along a curve that parallels normal growth curves, appropriate growth has occurred regardless of the gestational age and weight percentile that has been assigned to the fetus. METHODS Following Institutional Review Board approval (HSD-00002969), 860 third-trimester fetal US examinations were retrospectively evaluated from January 1 through July 1, 2017, to determine whether they had normal growth curves. Outcome data on all cases were obtained from review of the medical records. RESULTS Of 216 fetuses (25%) suspected of IUGR based on a weight below the 10th percentile, 6 developed true IUGR: 5 that led to emergent delivery of fetuses weighing less than a 1000 g and 1 in utero fetal demise. The remaining 210 fetuses all had normal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS As long as the fetal growth falls along a curve that parallels normal growth curves, appropriate growth has occurred regardless of the gestational age and weight percentile that has been assigned to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Dubinsky
- Departments of Radiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Sex differences in fetal growth and immediate birth outcomes in a low-risk Caucasian population. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:48. [PMID: 31500671 PMCID: PMC6734449 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group recommendations, boys and girls have different growth trajectories after birth. Our aim was to develop gender-specific fetal growth curves in a low-risk population and to compare immediate birth outcomes. Methods First, second, and third trimester fetal ultrasound examinations were conducted between 2002 and 2012. The data was selected using the following criteria: routine examinations in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, Caucasian ethnicity, and confirmation of gestational age by a crown-rump length (CRL) measurement in the first trimester. Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) was used to align the time frames of the longitudinal fetal measurements, corresponding with the methods of the postnatal growth curves of the WHO MGRS Group. Results A total of 27,680 complete scans were selected from the astraia© ultrasound database representing 12,368 pregnancies. Gender-specific fetal growth curves for biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were derived. The HC and BPD were significantly larger in boys compared to girls from 20 weeks of gestation onwards (p < 0.001) equating to a 3-day difference at 20–24 weeks. Boys were significantly heavier, longer, and had greater head circumference than girls (p < 0.001) at birth. The Apgar score at 1 min (p = 0.01) and arterial cord pH (p < 0.001) were lower in boys. Conclusions These longitudinal fetal growth curves for the first time allow integration with neonatal and pediatric WHO gender-specific growth curves. Boys exceed head growth halfway of the pregnancy, and immediate birth outcomes are worse in boys than girls. Gender difference in intrauterine growth is sufficiently distinct to have a clinically important effect on fetal weight estimation but also on the second trimester dating. Therefore, these differences might already play a role in early fetal or immediate neonatal management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-019-0261-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Celentano C, Matarrelli B, Pavone G, Vitacolonna E, Mattei PA, Berghella V, Liberati M. The influence of different inositol stereoisomers supplementation in pregnancy on maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal outcomes in high-risk patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:743-751. [PMID: 30558466 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1500545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the effects of different dietary inositol stereoisomers on insulin resistance and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women at high risk for this disorder.Design: A preliminary, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial.Participants: Nonobese singleton pregnant women with an elevated fasting glucose in the first or early second trimester were studied throughout pregnancy.Intervention: Supplementation with myo-inositol, d-chiro-inositol, combined myo- and d-chiro-inositol or placebo.Main outcome measure: Development of GDM on a 75 grams oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks' gestation. Secondary outcome measures were increase in BMI, need for maternal insulin therapy, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, neonatal birthweight and hypoglycemia.Results: The group of women allocated to receive myo-inositol alone had a lower incidence of abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Nine women in the control group (C), one of the myo-inositol (MI), five in d-chiro-inositol (DCI), three in the myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol group (MI/DCI) required insulin (p = .134). Basal, 1-hour, and 2 hours glycemic controls were significantly lower in exposed groups (p < .001, .011, and .037, respectively). The relative risk reduction related to primary outcome was 0.083, 0.559, and 0.621 for MI, DCI, and MI/DCI groups.Conclusions: This study compared the different inositol stereoisomers in pregnancy to prevent GDM. Noninferiority analysis demonstrated the largest benefit in the myo-inositol group. The relevance of our findings is mainly related to the possibility of an effective approach in GDM. Our study confirmed the efficacy of inositol supplementation in pregnant women at risk for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Celentano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Matarrelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Pavone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Peter A Mattei
- ITAB Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Liberati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Automatic measurement of fetal Nuchal translucency from three-dimensional ultrasound data. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:3417-3420. [PMID: 29060631 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Nuchal translucency (NT), which is the collection of fluid at the back of the fetal neck, is related to chromosomal defects and early cardiac failure in first trimester of pregnancy. In clinic, the thickness of NT is used as an important marker in prenatal screening, and is manually measured by sonographers in the mid-sagittal plane. In this paper, an automatic method based on dynamic programming is proposed to detect the thickness and area of NT in the mid-sagittal plane. Furthermore, the volume of NT in the whole three-dimensional ultrasound data is also measured. A novel cost function for dynamic programming is proposed and results in higher accuracy of NT border detection. As the nuchal translucency is the collection fluid part, higher dimensional markers of NT possess more potential to represent the amount of the fluid.
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Aghaeepour N, Lehallier B, Baca Q, Ganio EA, Wong RJ, Ghaemi MS, Culos A, El-Sayed YY, Blumenfeld YJ, Druzin ML, Winn VD, Gibbs RS, Tibshirani R, Shaw GM, Stevenson DK, Gaudilliere B, Angst MS. A proteomic clock of human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:347.e1-347.e14. [PMID: 29277631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of maladaptive processes underlying pregnancy-related pathologies is desirable because it will enable targeted interventions ahead of clinical manifestations. The quantitative analysis of plasma proteins features prominently among molecular approaches used to detect deviations from normal pregnancy. However, derivation of proteomic signatures sufficiently predictive of pregnancy-related outcomes has been challenging. An important obstacle hindering such efforts were limitations in assay technology, which prevented the broad examination of the plasma proteome. OBJECTIVE The recent availability of a highly multiplexed platform affording the simultaneous measurement of 1310 plasma proteins opens the door for a more explorative approach. The major aim of this study was to examine whether analysis of plasma collected during gestation of term pregnancy would allow identifying a set of proteins that tightly track gestational age. Establishing precisely timed plasma proteomic changes during term pregnancy is a critical step in identifying deviations from regular patterns caused by fetal and maternal maladaptations. A second aim was to gain insight into functional attributes of identified proteins and link such attributes to relevant immunological changes. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant women participated in this longitudinal study. In 2 subsequent sets of 21 (training cohort) and 10 (validation cohort) women, specific blood specimens were collected during the first (7-14 weeks), second (15-20 weeks), and third (24-32 weeks) trimesters and 6 weeks postpartum for analysis with a highly multiplexed aptamer-based platform. An elastic net algorithm was applied to infer a proteomic model predicting gestational age. A bootstrapping procedure and piecewise regression analysis was used to extract the minimum number of proteins required for predicting gestational age without compromising predictive power. Gene ontology analysis was applied to infer enrichment of molecular functions among proteins included in the proteomic model. Changes in abundance of proteins with such functions were linked to immune features predictive of gestational age at the time of sampling in pregnancies delivering at term. RESULTS An independently validated model consisting of 74 proteins strongly predicted gestational age (P = 3.8 × 10-14, R = 0.97). The model could be reduced to 8 proteins without losing its predictive power (P = 1.7 × 10-3, R = 0.91). The 3 top ranked proteins were glypican 3, chorionic somatomammotropin hormone, and granulins. Proteins activating the Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway were enriched in the proteomic model, chorionic somatomammotropin hormone being the top-ranked protein. Abundance of chorionic somatomammotropin hormone strongly correlated with signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 signaling activity in CD4 T cells, the endogenous cell-signaling event most predictive of gestational age. CONCLUSION Results indicate that precisely timed changes in the plasma proteome during term pregnancy mirror a proteomic clock. Importantly, the combined use of several plasma proteins was required for accurate prediction. The exciting promise of such a clock is that deviations from its regular chronological profile may assist in the early diagnoses of pregnancy-related pathologies, and point to underlying pathophysiology. Functional analysis of the proteomic model generated the novel hypothesis that chrionic somatomammotropin hormone may critically regulate T-cell function during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Quentin Baca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ed A Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mohammad S Ghaemi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anthony Culos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yasser Y El-Sayed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yair J Blumenfeld
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Maurice L Druzin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ronald S Gibbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Rob Tibshirani
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences and Statistics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Martin S Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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De Keersmaecker B, Pottel H, Naulaers G, De Catte L. Sonographic Development of the Pericallosal Vascularization in the First and Early Second Trimester of Pregnancy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:589-596. [PMID: 29472298 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anomalies of the corpus callosum are rare. Routine scanning in midtrimester of the pregnancy often fails to identify defective development. The purpose of the study was to identify the pericallosal artery and all its main branching arteries during early gestation from the first trimester onward, to measure the length of the pericallosal artery during its development, and to establish a normal vascular map for each week of development. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a single-center prospective, longitudinal clinical study in 15 patients between 11 and 22 weeks of gestation. The origin and course of the different blood vessels were identified. RESULTS There was a linear association among gestational age, the biparietal diameter, and the length of the pericallosal artery. The curvature of the developing pericallosal artery increases linearly with the gestational age and biparietal diameter, and 4 variations of branching of the callosomarginal artery were observed. CONCLUSIONS The pericallosal artery and its branches can be identified and measured from 11 weeks on, and the pericallosal artery takes its characteristic course. A defective course or an abnormal biometry of the pericallosal artery could be an early sonographic marker of abnormal development of the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- B De Keersmaecker
- From the Department of Fetal Medicine (B.D.K.), Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (B.D.K.), AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - H Pottel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care (H.P.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - L De Catte
- Fetal Medicine (L.D.C.), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Pauwels S, Truijen I, Ghosh M, Duca RC, Langie SAS, Bekaert B, Freson K, Huybrechts I, Koppen G, Devlieger R, Godderis L. The effect of paternal methyl-group donor intake on offspring DNA methylation and birth weight. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:311-321. [PMID: 28260562 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most nutritional studies on the development of children focus on mother-infant interactions. Maternal nutrition is critically involved in the growth and development of the fetus, but what about the father? The aim is to investigate the effects of paternal methyl-group donor intake (methionine, folate, betaine, choline) on paternal and offspring global DNA (hydroxy)methylation, offspring IGF2 DMR DNA methylation, and birth weight. Questionnaires, 7-day estimated dietary records, whole blood samples, and anthropometric measurements from 74 fathers were obtained. A total of 51 cord blood samples were collected and birth weight was obtained. DNA methylation status was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (global DNA (hydroxy)methylation) and pyrosequencing (IGF2 DMR methylation). Paternal betaine intake was positively associated with paternal global DNA hydroxymethylation (0.028% per 100 mg betaine increase, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.053, P=0.03) and cord blood global DNA methylation (0.679% per 100 mg betaine increase, 95% CI: 0.057, 1.302, P=0.03). Paternal methionine intake was positively associated with CpG1 (0.336% per 100 mg methionine increase, 95% CI: 0.103, 0.569, P=0.006), and mean CpG (0.201% per 100 mg methionine increase, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.402, P=0.049) methylation of the IGF2 DMR in cord blood. Further, a negative association between birth weight/birth weight-for-gestational age z-score and paternal betaine/methionine intake was found. In addition, a positive association between choline and birth weight/birth weight-for-gestational age z-score was also observed. Our data indicate a potential impact of paternal methyl-group donor intake on paternal global DNA hydroxymethylation, offspring global and IGF2 DMR DNA methylation, and prenatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pauwels
- 1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health,KU Leuven- University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium
| | - I Truijen
- 1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health,KU Leuven- University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium
| | - M Ghosh
- 1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health,KU Leuven- University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium
| | - R C Duca
- 1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health,KU Leuven- University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium
| | - S A S Langie
- 2Unit Environmental Risk and Health,Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO),Mol,Belgium
| | - B Bekaert
- 4Department of Imaging & Pathology,KU Leuven - University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium
| | - K Freson
- 6Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology,KU Leuven - University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium
| | - I Huybrechts
- 7Dietary Exposure Assessment Group,International Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon,France
| | - G Koppen
- 2Unit Environmental Risk and Health,Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO),Mol,Belgium
| | - R Devlieger
- 8Department of Development and Regeneration,KU Leuven-University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium
| | - L Godderis
- 1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health,KU Leuven- University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium
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Abstract
Accurate dating of pregnancy is important to improve outcomes and is a research and public health imperative. As soon as data from the last menstrual period, the first accurate ultrasound examination, or both are obtained, the gestational age and the estimated due date (EDD) should be determined, discussed with the patient, and documented clearly in the medical record. Subsequent changes to the EDD should be reserved for rare circumstances, discussed with the patient, and documented clearly in the medical record. A pregnancy without an ultrasound examination that confirms or revises the EDD before 22 0/7 weeks of gestational age should be considered suboptimally dated. When determined from the methods outlined in this document for estimating the due date, gestational age at delivery represents the best obstetric estimate for the purpose of clinical care and should be recorded on the birth certificate. For the purposes of research and surveillance, the best obstetric estimate, rather than estimates based on the last menstrual period alone, should be used as the measure for gestational age.
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17
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Pauwels S, Ghosh M, Duca RC, Bekaert B, Freson K, Huybrechts I, A. S. Langie S, Koppen G, Devlieger R, Godderis L. Dietary and supplemental maternal methyl-group donor intake and cord blood DNA methylation. Epigenetics 2017; 12:1-10. [PMID: 27830979 PMCID: PMC5270634 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1257450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition is critically involved in the development and health of the fetus. We evaluated maternal methyl-group donor intake through diet (methionine, betaine, choline, folate) and supplementation (folic acid) before and during pregnancy in relation to global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation and gene specific (IGF2 DMR, DNMT1, LEP, RXRA) cord blood methylation. A total of 115 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the MAternal Nutrition and Offspring's Epigenome (MANOE) study. The intake of methyl-group donors was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. LC-MS/MS and pyrosequencing were used to measure global and gene specific methylation, respectively. Dietary intake of methyl-groups before and during pregnancy was associated with changes in LEP, DNMT1, and RXRA cord blood methylation. Statistically significant higher cord blood LEP methylation was observed when mothers started folic acid supplementation more than 6 months before conception compared with 3-6 months before conception (34.6 ± 6.3% vs. 30.1 ± 3.6%, P = 0.011, LEP CpG1) or no folic acid used before conception (16.2 ± 4.4% vs. 13.9 ± 3%, P = 0.036 for LEP CpG3 and 24.5 ± 3.5% vs. 22.2 ± 3.5%, P = 0.045 for LEP mean CpG). Taking folic acid supplements during the entire pregnancy resulted in statistically significantly higher cord blood RXRA methylation as compared with stopping supplementation in the second trimester (12.3 ± 1.9% vs. 11.1 ± 2%, P = 0.008 for RXRA mean CpG). To conclude, long-term folic acid use before and during pregnancy was associated with higher LEP and RXRA cord blood methylation, respectively. To date, pregnant women are advised to take a folic acid supplement of 400 µg/day from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks of pregnancy. Our results suggest significant epigenetic modifications when taking a folic acid supplement beyond the current advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pauwels
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, Belgium
- Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Mol, Belgium
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Bekaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archeology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Freson
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine A. S. Langie
- Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Mol, Belgium
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Mol, Belgium
| | - Roland Devlieger
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals of Leuven, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, Belgium
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
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18
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Nie S, Yu J, Chen P, Wang Y, Zhang JQ. Automatic Detection of Standard Sagittal Plane in the First Trimester of Pregnancy Using 3-D Ultrasound Data. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:286-300. [PMID: 27810260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness is one of the most important parameters in prenatal screening. Locating the mid-sagittal plane is one of the key points to measure NT. In this paper, an automatic method for the sagittal plane detection using 3-D ultrasound data is proposed. To avoid unnecessary massive searching and the corresponding huge computation load, a model is proposed to turn the sagittal plane detection problem into a symmetry plane and axis searching problem. The deep belief network (DBN) and a modified circle detection method provide prior knowledge for the searching. The experiments show that in most cases, the result plane has small distance error and angle error at the same time-88.6% of the result planes have a distance error less than 4 mm and 71.0% have angle error less than 20°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Nie
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Ultrasound Department, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Qiu Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mahendru AA, Wilhelm-Benartzi CS, Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM, Johnson S, Lees C. Gestational length assignment based on last menstrual period, first trimester crown-rump length, ovulation, and implantation timing. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:867-76. [PMID: 27469987 PMCID: PMC5018029 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the natural length of human pregnancy is central to clinical care. However, variability in the reference methods to assign gestational age (GA) confound our understanding of pregnancy length. Assignation from ultrasound measurement of fetal crown-rump length (CRL) has superseded that based on last menstrual period (LMP). Our aim was to estimate gestational length based on LMP, ultrasound CRL, and implantation that were known, compared to pregnancy duration assigned by day of ovulation. METHODS Prospective study in 143 women trying to conceive. In 71 ongoing pregnancies, gestational length was estimated from LMP, CRL at 10-14 weeks, ovulation, and implantation day. For each method of GA assignment, the distribution in observed gestational length was derived and both agreement and correlation between the methods determined. RESULTS Median ovulation and implantation days were 16 and 27, respectively. The gestational length based on LMP, CRL, implantation, and ovulation was similar: 279, 278, 276.5 and 276.5 days, respectively. The distributions for observed gestational length were widest where GA was assigned from CRL and LMP and narrowest when assigned from implantation and ovulation day. The strongest correlation for gestational length assessment was between ovulation and implantation (r = 0.98) and weakest between CRL and LMP (r = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS The most accurate method of predicting gestational length is ovulation day, and this agrees closely with implantation day. Prediction of gestational length from CRL and known LMP are both inferior to ovulation and implantation day. This information could have important implications on the routine assignment of gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita A Mahendru
- Fetal Medicine Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | | | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 98, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Carmel M McEniery
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 98, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | | | - Christoph Lees
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Developmental and Reproductive Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK.
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Pauwels S, Duca RC, Devlieger R, Freson K, Straetmans D, Van Herck E, Huybrechts I, Koppen G, Godderis L. Maternal Methyl-Group Donor Intake and Global DNA (Hydroxy)Methylation before and during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2016; 8:E474. [PMID: 27509522 PMCID: PMC4997387 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still unclear to which extent methyl-group intake during pregnancy can affect maternal global DNA (hydroxyl)methylation. Pregnancy methylation profiling and its link with methyl-group intake in a healthy population could enhance our understanding of the development of pregnancy related disorders. One hundred forty-eight women were enrolled in the MANOE (MAternal Nutrition and Offspring's Epigenome) study. Thiry-four women were enrolled before pregnancy and 116 during the first trimester of pregnancy. Global DNA (hydroxy)methylation in blood using LC-MS/MS and dietary methyl-group intake (methionine, folate, betaine, and choline) using a food-frequency questionnaire were estimated pre-pregnancy, during each trimester, and at delivery. Global DNA (hydroxy)methylation levels were highest pre-pregnancy and at weeks 18-22 of pregnancy. We observed a positive relation between folic acid and global DNA methylation (p = 0.04) and hydroxymethylation (p = 0.04). A high intake of methionine pre-pregnancy and in the first trimester showed lower (hydroxy)methylation percentage in weeks 11-13 and weeks 18-22, respectively. Choline and betaine intake in the first weeks was negatively associated with hydroxymethylation. Women with a high intake of these three methyl groups in the second and third trimester showed higher hyrdoxymethylation/methylation levels in the third trimester. To conclude, a time trend in DNA (hydroxy)methylation was found and women with higher methyl-group intake showed higher methylation in the third trimester, and not in earlier phases of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pauwels
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Roland Devlieger
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kathleen Freson
- KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, UZ Herestraat 49-box 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dany Straetmans
- AML Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Erik Van Herck
- KU Leuven, Unit Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UZ Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Gurdun Koppen
- Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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22
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Abstract
: Accurate dating of pregnancy is important to improve outcomes and is a research and public health imperative. As soon as data from the last menstrual period, the first accurate ultrasound examination, or both are obtained, the gestational age and the estimated due date should be determined, discussed with the patient, and documented clearly in the medical record. Subsequent changes to the estimated due date should be reserved for rare circumstances, discussed with the patient, and documented clearly in the medical record. When determined from the methods outlined in this document for estimating the due date, gestational age at delivery represents the best obstetric estimate for the purpose of clinical care and should be recorded on the birth certificate. For the purposes of research and surveillance, the best obstetric estimate, rather than estimates based on the last menstrual period alone, should be used as the measure for gestational age.
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Lavoué V, Huchon C, Deffieux X, Voltzenlogel MC, Vandenbroucke L, Levêque J. Recommandations françaises pour les critères diagnostiques d’arrêt de grossesse au premier trimestre et stratégie de prise en charge des patientes présentant une menace de fausse couche ou une grossesse arrêtée (hors évacuation utérine). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 43:776-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Prenatal events can affect neonatal thymus size and adult immune function. The causal insults are unknown, although fetal nutrient restriction is suspected. We used ultrasound at three time points during pregnancy (14, 19 and 30 weeks) to measure the growth of six fetal dimensions in rural Bangladeshi women participating in the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions, Matlab study. Postnatal ultrasound was used to calculate thymic index (TI) at birth, 2, 6 and 12 m. Of the 3267 women recruited, 2861 participated by providing data at least at one fetal biometry and one TI time point. Patterns of fetal growth were summarized using principal components calculated from fetal dimension z-scores. Random effects regression, controlling for infant size and season of measurement were used to relate these patterns to TI. We found that smaller leg length relative to head circumference, characteristic of head-sparing growth restriction, was predictive of lower TI. This association was significant at all time points but strongest in earlier pregnancy. Each standard deviation increase in leg-head proportion was associated with an increase in TI of ∼5%. We conclude that growth patterns typical of poor fetal nutrition are associated with poor thymic development. The greater strength of this association in the first trimester is consistent with a period of vulnerability during the early ontogeny of the thymus and suggests that preventative intervention would need to be given in early pregnancy.
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van Uitert EM, van Ginkel S, Willemsen SP, Lindemans J, Koning AHJ, Eilers PHC, Exalto N, Laven JSE, Steegers EAP, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. An optimal periconception maternal folate status for embryonic size: the Rotterdam Predict study. BJOG 2014; 121:821-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- EM van Uitert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - S van Ginkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - SP Willemsen
- Department of Biostatistics; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - J Lindemans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - AHJ Koning
- Department of Bioinformatics; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - PHC Eilers
- Department of Biostatistics; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - N Exalto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - JSE Laven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - EAP Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - RPM Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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Napolitano R, Dhami J, Ohuma EO, Ioannou C, Conde-Agudelo A, Kennedy SH, Villar J, Papageorghiou AT. Pregnancy dating by fetal crown-rump length: a systematic review of charts. BJOG 2014; 121:556-65. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Napolitano
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - J Dhami
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - EO Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - C Ioannou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - A Conde-Agudelo
- Perinatology Research Branch; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services; Bethesda Maryland and Detroit Michigan USA
| | - SH Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute; Green Templeton College; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute; Green Templeton College; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - AT Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute; Green Templeton College; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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Johnson SR, Godbert S, Perry P, Parsons P, Roberts L, Buchanan P, Larsen J, Alonzo TA, Zinaman M. Accuracy of a home-based device for giving an early estimate of pregnancy duration compared with reference methods. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1635-41.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Human chorionic gonadotropin as a measure of pregnancy duration. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2013; 123:189-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jelsma JGM, van Poppel MNM, Galjaard S, Desoye G, Corcoy R, Devlieger R, van Assche A, Timmerman D, Jans G, Harreiter J, Kautzky-Willer A, Damm P, Mathiesen ER, Jensen DM, Andersen L, Dunne F, Lapolla A, Di Cianni G, Bertolotto A, Wender-Oegowska E, Zawiejska A, Blumska K, Hill D, Rebollo P, Snoek FJ, Simmons D. DALI: Vitamin D and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention: an European multicentre, randomised trial - study protocol. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013; 13:142. [PMID: 23829946 PMCID: PMC3710199 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasing problem world-wide. Lifestyle interventions and/or vitamin D supplementation might help prevent GDM in some women. Methods/design Pregnant women at risk of GDM (BMI≥29 (kg/m2)) from 9 European countries will be invited to participate and consent obtained before 19+6 weeks of gestation. After giving informed consent, women without GDM will be included (based on IADPSG criteria: fasting glucose<5.1mmol; 1 hour glucose <10.0 mmol; 2 hour glucose <8.5 mmol) and randomized to one of the 8 intervention arms using a 2×(2×2) factorial design: (1) healthy eating (HE), 2) physical activity (PA), 3) HE+PA, 4) control, 5) HE+PA+vitamin D, 6) HE+PA+placebo, 7) vitamin D alone, 8) placebo alone), pre-stratified for each site. In total, 880 women will be included with 110 women allocated to each arm. Between entry and 35 weeks of gestation, women allocated to a lifestyle intervention will receive 5 face-to-face, and 4 telephone coaching sessions, based on the principles of motivational interviewing. The lifestyle intervention includes a discussion about the risks of GDM, a weight gain target <5kg and either 7 healthy eating ‘messages’ and/or 5 physical activity ‘messages’ depending on randomization. Fidelity is monitored by the use of a personal digital assistance (PDA) system. Participants randomized to the vitamin D intervention receive either 1600 IU vitamin D or placebo for daily intake until delivery. Data is collected at baseline measurement, at 24–28 weeks, 35–37 weeks of gestation and after delivery. Primary outcome measures are gestational weight gain, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, with a range of obstetric secondary outcome measures including birth weight. Discussion DALI is a unique Europe-wide randomised controlled trial, which will gain insight into preventive measures against the development of GDM in overweight and obese women. Trial registration ISRCTN70595832
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G M Jelsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+-Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Mahendru AA, Daemen A, Everett TR, Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM, Abdallah Y, Timmerman D, Bourne T, Lees CC. Impact of ovulation and implantation timing on first-trimester crown-rump length and gestational age. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2012; 40:630-635. [PMID: 22858888 DOI: 10.1002/uog.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of ovulation and implantation timing on first-trimester crown-rump length (CRL) and the derived gestational age (GA). METHOD One hundred and forty-three women who were trying to conceive were recruited prospectively. The timing of ovulation and implantation and the ovulation to implantation (O-I) interval were established in 101 pregnancies using home urinary tests for luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin. In 71 ongoing pregnancies, GA determined by measurement of fetal CRL at 10-14 weeks' gestation was compared with GA based on ovulation and implantation day. First-trimester growth was determined by serial ultrasound scans at 6-7, 8-9 and 10-14 weeks. RESULTS The median ovulation and implantation days were 16 and 27, respectively, with an O-I interval of 11 days. GA estimated from CRL at 10-14 weeks was on average 1.3 days greater than that derived from ovulation timing. CRL Z-score was inversely related to O-I interval (ρ= -0.431, P=0.0009). There was no significant relationship between CRL growth rate and the difference between observed CRL and expected CRL based on GA from last menstrual period (ρ=0.224, P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS Early implantation leads to a larger CRL and late implantation to a smaller CRL at 10-14 weeks, independent of CRL growth rate. Implantation timing is a major determinant of fetal size at 10-14 weeks and largely explains the variation in estimates of GA in the first trimester derived from embryonic or fetal CRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahendru
- Fetal Medicine Department, Rosie Hospital, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Constant M, Tran VC, Benoit B, Vasseur F. New first-trimester crown-rump length equations from a French general population. Fetal Diagn Ther 2012; 32:277-87. [PMID: 22987010 DOI: 10.1159/000339272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to obtain precise knowledge of fetal biometric measurements, in particular crown-rump length (CRL). Our results have been carefully compared to equations found in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-operator measurements of 2,123 spontaneous pregnancies from a general French population provided new statistical relationships between fetal age (FA) and CRL. Comparisons were made with measurements obtained from 402 in vitro fertilizations (IVFs) for which FA were known. Heteroskedastic and robust regressions were compared by cross-validation, and prediction errors were studied. All ultrasound measurements were taken during standard follow-ups of pregnancies, without any additional features. RESULTS From a cleaned subsample of 513 spontaneous pregnancies, we reported good modeling of first-term embryonic growth, with equations and predictions of standard deviations agreeing with objective datations for IVFs. Most precise CRL measurements were predicted for FA of 49 days. DISCUSSION Our results allow future detection of fetal growth abnormalities using Z-scores throughout the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Constant
- Centre de Radiologie et d'Imagerie Médicale, Lambersart, France.
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Pexsters A, Luts J, Van Schoubroeck D, Bottomley C, Van Calster B, Van Huffel S, Abdallah Y, D'Hooghe T, Lees C, Timmerman D, Bourne T. Clinical implications of intra- and interobserver reproducibility of transvaginal sonographic measurement of gestational sac and crown-rump length at 6-9 weeks' gestation. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2011; 38:510-515. [PMID: 21077156 DOI: 10.1002/uog.8884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess intra- and interobserver agreement of routinely performed measurements-crown-rump length (CRL) and mean gestational sac diameter (MSD)-for assessing the likelihood of miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy using transvaginal sonography. METHODS A cross-sectional study of CRL and gestational sac measurements in first-trimester pregnancies was conducted in a fetal medicine referral center with a predominantly Caucasian population. Gestational age ranged from 6 to 9 weeks. All patients underwent a transvaginal ultrasound examination using a high-resolution ultrasound machine. Two measurements of CRL and measurements of three diameters of the gestational sac were obtained by two observers. Agreement within and between observers for CRL and between observers for MSD was analyzed using 95% prediction intervals, Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS In total 54 patients were included in the study, with measurements obtained by both observers in 44 of these. Intra- and interobserver ICCs were high for CRL measurements, with values of 0.992 and 0.993 for intraobserver agreement and 0.993 for interobserver agreement. For the MSD, the interobserver ICC was 0.952. Limits of agreement were ± 8.91 and ± 11.37% for intraobserver agreement of CRL and ± 14.64% for interobserver agreement of CRL. For MSD, the interobserver limits of agreement were ± 18.78%. For an MSD measurement of 20 mm by the first observer, the prediction interval for the second observer was 16.8-24.5 mm. For a CRL measurement of 6 mm, the prediction interval for the second observer was 5.4-6.7 mm. CONCLUSION For dating purposes, there is reasonable reproducibility of CRL measurements using transvaginal ultrasonography at 6-9 weeks' gestation. When diagnosing miscarriage based on measurements of CRL care must be taken for values close to any decision boundary. The higher interobserver variability that we observed for MSD has implications for the diagnosis of miscarriage based on this measurement in the absence of a visible embryo or yolk sac.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pexsters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Økland I, Bjåstad TG, Johansen TF, Gjessing HK, Grøttum P, Eik-Nes SH. Narrowed beam width in newer ultrasound machines shortens measurements in the lateral direction: fetal measurement charts may be obsolete. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2011; 38:82-87. [PMID: 21308840 DOI: 10.1002/uog.8954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetal ultrasound measurements are made in axial, lateral and oblique directions. Lateral resolution is influenced by the beam width of the ultrasound system. To improve lateral resolution and image quality, the beam width has been made narrower; consequently, measurements in the lateral direction are affected and apparently made shorter, approaching the true length. The aims of this study were to explore our database to reveal time-dependent shortening of ultrasound measurements made in the lateral direction, and to assess the extent of beam-width changes by comparing beam-width measurements made on old and new ultrasound machines. METHODS A total of 41,941 femur length measurements, collected during the time-period 1987-2005, were analyzed, with time as a covariate. Using three ultrasound machines from the 1990s and three newer machines from 2007, we performed 25 series of blinded beam-width measurements on a tissue-mimicking phantom, measuring at depths of 3-8 cm with a 5-MHz transducer. RESULTS Regression analysis showed time to be a significant covariate. At the same gestational age, femur length measurement was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.08-1.23) mm shorter in the time-period 1999-2005 than in the time-period 1987-1992. Overall, the beam width was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.50-1.65) mm narrower with the new machines than with the old machines. CONCLUSIONS Technical improvements in modern ultrasound machines that have reduced the beam width affect fetal measurements in the lateral direction. This has clinical implications and new measurement charts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Økland
- National Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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