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Lowie T, Jourquin S, Debruyne F, Chantillon L, Hoflack G, Boone R, Vertenten G, Sustronck B, Pardon B, Bokma J. Associations of serostatus upon arrival with clinical respiratory disease, lung consolidation, and growth in veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3836-3846. [PMID: 38135039 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections remain a major problem during calf rearing, especially among milk (formula)-fed veal. Preconditioning of calves through appropriate colostrum management and vaccination could be helpful to address this issue. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the presence of serum antibodies against major respiratory tract pathogens (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine coronavirus, Mycoplasmopsis bovis, Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica) and total serum IgG concentration in calves upon arrival at the veal facility were associated with the occurrence of clinical bovine respiratory disease (BRD) or lung consolidation in the first 3 wk, as assessed by both the Wisconsin BRD scorecard (based on 5 clinical signs: cough, rectal temperature, ear position, and nasal and ocular discharge) and by quick thoracic ultrasound scanning. Additionally, the association between calves' serostatus production parameters were explored. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 442 male dairy calves on a large veal calf facility in Belgium. Both clinical scoring and quick thoracic ultrasound scanning were performed on all calves at 4 key moments in the production cycle: arrival at the facility, initiation of first metaphylactic antimicrobial treatment at peak incidence of BRD (wk 1), end of the first metaphylactic treatment (short-term evaluation) and at wk 10 (long-term evaluation). Mixed effects logit regression models were fitted to quantify relationships. The outcomes of interest were clinical respiratory disease (Wisconsin BRD scorecard positive), lung consolidation (≥1 cm or ≥ 3 cm), average daily weight gain, and cold carcass weight. In the first week of production, incidence of lung consolidation (≥1 cm) quickly increased from 14.9% upon arrival to 43.0% at the peak of the BRD incidence, while clinical BRD increased from 3.6% to 16.1%. The main finding of this study was that calves who were seropositive for bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine coronavirus at arrival had reduced odds of developing lung consolidation at the peak of the outbreak, 0.58 odds ratio (95% CI: 0.38-0.89) and 0.37 odds ratio (95% CI: 0.20-0.69), respectively. No relationships between serum IgG concentration at arrival and the development of lung consolidations or clinical respiratory disease were found. Nevertheless, on average, throughout the first 10 wk of the fattening cycle, calves with failed transfer of passive immunity (serum IgG < 7.5 g/L) gained 40 g/d (95% CI: 10-70 g/d) less weight (average daily gain). Hence, ensuring that calves have a positive serostatus for these respiratory tract pathogens before entering the facility may help lower the incidence of lung consolidations, subsequently reducing treatment incidence and the adverse effects on primary economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lowie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Stan Jourquin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Florian Debruyne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Laurens Chantillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert Hoflack
- MSD Animal Health Benelux, Department of Ruminant Health, 1170 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Randy Boone
- Veterinary Practice Venhei, 2460 Kasterlee, Belgium
| | - Geert Vertenten
- MSD Animal Health Benelux, Department of Ruminant Health, 1170 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Sustronck
- MSD Animal Health Benelux, Department of Ruminant Health, 1170 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jade Bokma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Bokma J, Kaske M, Vermijlen J, Stuyvaert S, Pardon B. Diagnostic performance of Mycoplasmopsis bovis antibody ELISA tests on bulk tank milk from dairy herds. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:81. [PMID: 38443962 PMCID: PMC10916218 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing of bulk tank milk (BTM) for Mycoplasmopsis bovis (previously Mycoplasma bovis) antibodies is increasingly popular. However the performance of some commercially available tests is unknown, and cutoff values possibly need to be adjusted in light of the purpose. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of three commercially available M. bovis antibody ELISAs on BTM, and to explore optimal cutoff values for screening purposes. A prospective diagnostic test accuracy study was performed on 156 BTM samples from Belgian and Swiss dairy farms using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis. Samples were initially classified using manufacturer cutoff values, followed by generated values. RESULTS Following the manufacturer's guidelines, sensitivity of 91.4%, 25.6%, 69.2%, and specificity of 67.2%, 96.8%, 85.8% were observed for ID-screen, Bio K432, and Bio K302, respectively. Optimization of cutoffs resulted in a sensitivity of 89.0%, 82.0%, and 85.5%, and a specificity of 83.4%, 75.1%, 77.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ID-screen showed the highest diagnostic performance after optimization of cutoff values, and could be useful for screening. Both Bio-X tests may be of value for diagnostic or confirmation purposes due to their high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Bokma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Martin Kaske
- Swiss Bovine Health Service, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sabrina Stuyvaert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Veldhuis A, Aalberts M, Penterman P, Wever P, van Schaik G. Bayesian diagnostic test evaluation and true prevalence estimation of mycoplasma bovis in dairy herds. Prev Vet Med 2023; 216:105946. [PMID: 37235906 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The true prevalence of dairy cattle herds with M. bovis infections in the Netherlands is unknown. Previous attempts to estimate prevalences were hampered by the absence of a diagnostic serological test that was validated under field conditions. This study estimated sensitivity and specificity of two commercial serum ELISAs and the true M. bovis herd prevalence using different Bayesian latent class models. A total of 7305 serum samples from 415 randomly chosen dairy herds were collected in fall/winter 2019 and investigated for presence of antibodies against M. bovis using the BIO-K-260 ELISA from Bio-X. Serum samples from 100 of these herds were also tested with a second ELISA, from IDvet. A Bayesian latent class model using the paired test results estimated a sensitivity of 14.1% (95% Bayesian probability interval (BPI): 11.6-16.7%) for the Bio-X ELISA and a specificity of 97.2% (95% BPI: 95.9-98.4%). Sensitivity and specificity for the IDvet ELISA were estimated at 92.5% (95% BPI: 88.3-96.5%) and 99.3% (95% BPI: 98.7-99.8%), respectively. Also, Bio-X ELISA sensitivity was considerably higher with data from calves only and with data from a selection of herds with a clinical outbreak, whereas the IDvet ELISA sensitivity was fairly constant under these conditions. These differences in test sensitivity is expected to be related to an effect of time since infection. A second Bayesian model, applied on test results of all 415 herds, estimated a true herd prevalence of 69.9% (95% BPI: 62.7-77.6%), suggesting M. bovis in endemic amongst dairy cattle herds in the Netherlands. To what extent seropositive herds have experienced a clinical outbreak needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Wever
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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