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Lundsgaard K. Epidemiology of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infection in dogs in Denmark. J Small Anim Pract 2024. [PMID: 38973253 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the risk factors (age and breed group) associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infection in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Faecal examinations obtained in dogs from January 2016 to December 2021 as part of routine clinical practice at two veterinary clinics in the Odsherred region of Zealand, Denmark, were included in this study. Faecal samples were analysed using the Baermann technique for nematode detection. Samples were collected from two clinics located in Northwestern Zealand, Denmark. Multinomial regression analysis, quasi-Poisson models and a generalised additive model for linearity were used to analyse the data. RESULTS A total of 2,013 faecal samples were included in the study. Age was a significant risk factor for a positive Baermann, with a negative linear relationship observed (A. vasorum odds ratio: 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.91, C. vulpis odds ratio: 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.91 to 0.99, both nematodes: odds ratio: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.77 to 0.99). Breed group analysis considering retrievers and flushing and water dog as reference group, demonstrated that sheep- and cattle dogs had a reduced risk of C. vulpis infection (odds ratio: 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.24 to 0.97), whereas dachshunds had an increased risk of A. vasorum infection (odds ratio: 3.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 9.47). Variations in the number of nematodes was found, with companion and toy dogs exhibiting higher numbers of C. vulpis (incidence rate ratio: 21.40, 95% confidence interval: 2.88 to 159) and sheep- and cattle dogs displaying higher numbers of A. vasorum (incidence rate ratio: 30.20, 95% confidence interval: 7.33 to 125). The prevalence rates of C. vulpis and A. vasorum were estimated at 14.50% (95% confidence interval: 13 to 16.10) and 3.40% (95% confidence interval: 2.70 to 4.30), respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There are significant risk factors for nematode infection in dogs that can be considered for proper preventive care of this condition.
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Paton MW, Kalemtzaki E, Stoewen D, Hameedunisha T, Yang H, Donlin J, Endenburg N. WSAVA professional wellness guidelines. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:153-175. [PMID: 38179606 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M W Paton
- 31 Clipson Crescent, Mundaring, WA, 6073, Australia
| | | | - D Stoewen
- Independent Wellness Consultant, Ayr, ON, N0B 1E0, Canada
| | - T Hameedunisha
- Caspers Healing Paws, Neuro Rehabilitation Service, 3rd cross, HBR layout, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - H Yang
- Unusual Pet Vets, Osborne Park, WA, 6017, Australia
| | - J Donlin
- 1931 N. Meacham Road, Schaumburg, IL, 60173, USA
| | - N Endenburg
- One Welfare Group, Section Animals in Science and Society, and Animal Behaviour Clinic, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kogan LR, Booth M, Rishniw M. Factors that impact recruitment and retention of veterinarians in emergency practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1986-1992. [PMID: 36227803 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors that impact emergency veterinarians' decisions in selecting a place of employment and their perceptions of factors important in fostering a work environment conducive to long-term employment. SAMPLE 433 Veterinary Information Network members who reported practicing emergency medicine in the US and were not diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care. PROCEDURES An electronic survey distributed via the Veterinary Information Network data collection portal, made available from May 25, 2022, through June 15, 2022. RESULTS Factors rated as most important in selecting a place of employment included working with a highly trained support staff and collegiality of coworkers. Factor analysis was used to extract factors that can influence emergency medicine practitioners' views of a work environment conducive to long-term employment. The factor found to be most important was leadership. All factors, except for professional growth, were rated as more important by female practitioners when compared to male practitioners. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Aspects promoted in emergency medicine veterinarian recruitment efforts should include, in addition to the innate nature of the position, the elements identified as most attractive to current practitioners. By better understanding the impact of gender, children status, and years practicing emergency medicine on the relative importance in creating workplace environments conducive to long term employment, hospitals can be better equipped to meet the needs of both their current employees as well as potential new hires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Kogan
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Matthew Booth
- 2NVA Compassion-First Specialty and Emergency Medicine Animal Hospitals, Boulder, CO
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Connolly CE, Norris K, Martin A, Dawkins S, Meehan C. A taxonomy of occupational and organisational stressors and protectors of mental health reported by veterinary professionals in Australasia. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:367-376. [PMID: 35560212 PMCID: PMC9544948 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a taxonomy of positive and negative occupational and organisational factors reported that impact the mental health of veterinary professionals. METHODS Veterinary professionals working in Australasia were surveyed between February and June of 2021. The survey comprised two questions related to participants' perceptions of the positive and negative aspects of their job role that impact their mental health and wellbeing. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyse the responses and generate two taxonomies of occupational and organisation stressors and protectors reported by participants. RESULTS Fifty-three responses from veterinary professionals were analysed. The final stressor taxonomy generated contained 9 overarching themes and 36 subthemes. The most common of these were negative work conditions, challenging relationships with clients, and adverse events and patient outcomes. The taxonomy of protectors contained 11 overarching themes and 32 subthemes, with the most common including fulfillment and satisfaction, positive work conditions, and relationships with colleagues. CONCLUSION This study is the first to examine both positive and negative factors in the veterinary industry reported by veterinary professionals in Australasia. The results highlighted stressors that can be addressed on both an individual and organisational level to promote the mental and health well-being of professionals working in the animal care industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Connolly
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - K Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - A Martin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - S Dawkins
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - C Meehan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Two Domains to Five: Advancing Veterinary Duty of Care to Fulfil Public Expectations of Animal Welfare Expertise. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123504. [PMID: 34944280 PMCID: PMC8698054 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Veterinarians are animal health experts. More recently, explicit references to veterinarians as animal welfare experts have proliferated. Veterinarians are ideally situated to act as animal welfare experts by virtue of their core work with animals, influence over owners, their roles in policy development, compliance, and monitoring, and as educators of future veterinary professionals. However, the discipline of animal welfare science has moved beyond a focus on nutrition and health towards an acceptance that the mental experiences of animals are the focus of welfare consideration. The Five Domains Model is a framework for assessing animal welfare and focuses on mental experiences arising from a broad range of impacts or opportunities. The Model can be used as a framework to integrate contemporary understanding of animal welfare science in veterinary curricula and improve welfare literacy within the veterinary profession. Abstract Veterinarians are animal health experts. More recently, they have been conferred a leading role as experts in animal welfare. This expectation of veterinarians as welfare experts appears to stem from their training in veterinary medicine as well as professional contributions to welfare-relevant policy and law. Veterinarians are ideally situated to act as animal welfare experts by virtue of their core work with animals and potential influence over owners, their roles in policy development, compliance, and monitoring, and as educators of future veterinarians. However, since its inception as a discipline over 70 years ago, animal welfare science has moved beyond a two-dimensional focus on nutrition and health (biological functioning) towards an understanding that the mental experiences of animals are the focus of welfare consideration. The Five Domains Model is a structured and systematic framework for more holistically considering conditions that contribute to the animal’s internal state and its perception of its external situation, and the resultant mental experiences. The Model can be used to better align veterinary animal welfare expertise with contemporary understanding of animal welfare science and improve welfare literacy within the veterinary profession. Improved understanding of animal welfare science is likely to lead to increased confidence, competence, and empowerment to act as experts in their daily lives.
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Viner B. Veterinary career pathways in a rapidly changing world. IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McArthur ML, Learey TJ, Jarden A, Van Gelderen I, Hazel SJ, Cake MA, Mansfield CF, Zaki S, Matthew SM. Resilience of veterinarians at different career stages: The role of self-efficacy, coping strategies and personal resources for resilience in veterinary practice. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e771. [PMID: 34426964 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effect of demographic and psychological factors on resilience in new graduate-, mid- and late-career veterinarians working in Australia. METHOD An online cross-sectional survey of 800 veterinarians collected demographic and descriptive data in two stages from late 2015 to 2017, such as gender, average hours worked per week, type and region of practice and intention to leave veterinary medicine. Psychological factors were measured utilising the Brief Resilience Scale, the Veterinary Resilience Scale-Personal Resources, the Brief COPE and General Self-Efficacy measures. RESULTS Using a full-factorial univariate General Linear Model, no significant difference in general resilience was evident between the three career-stage groups (p > 0.05). However, higher self-efficacy, higher personal resources for resilience in veterinary practice, and lower problem-focused, higher emotion-focused and lower dysfunctional coping strategies were related to higher resilience. In the model for mid- and late-career veterinarians, a weak positive relationship existed between higher average hours worked per week and higher resilience, while intention to leave veterinary practice was also related to lower resilience in mid- and late-career veterinarians. CONCLUSION This study supports the value of personal resources, rather than career stage, gender or region of work, as influential in developing veterinarian resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L McArthur
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Tobi J Learey
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Aaron Jarden
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid Van Gelderen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan J Hazel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Martin A Cake
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline F Mansfield
- School of Education, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sanaa Zaki
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan M Matthew
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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