1
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Wang Y, Xie F, Zhao L. Spatially Confined Nanoreactors Designed for Biological Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310331. [PMID: 38183369 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The applications of nanoreactors in biology are becoming increasingly significant and prominent. Specifically, nanoreactors with spatially confined, due to their exquisite design that effectively limits the spatial range of biomolecules, attracted widespread attention. The main advantage of this structure is designed to improve reaction selectivity and efficiency by accumulating reactants and catalysts within the chambers, thus increasing the frequency of collisions between reactants. Herein, the recent progress in the synthesis of spatially confined nanoreactors and their biological applications is summarized, covering various kinds of nanoreactors, including porous inorganic materials, porous crystalline materials with organic components and self-assembled polymers to construct nanoreactors. These design principles underscore how precise reaction control could be achieved by adjusting the structure and composition of the nanoreactors to create spatial confined. Furthermore, various applications of spatially confined nanoreactors are demonstrated in the biological fields, such as biocatalysis, molecular detection, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. These applications showcase the potential prospects of spatially confined nanoreactors, offering robust guidance for future research and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
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2
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Ghasemlou M, Pn N, Alexander K, Zavabeti A, Sherrell PC, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B, Naebe M, Bhargava SK. Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312474. [PMID: 38252677 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarbons are emerging at the forefront of nanoscience, with diverse carbon nanoforms emerging over the past two decades. Early cancer diagnosis and therapy, driven by advanced chemistry techniques, play a pivotal role in mitigating mortality rates associated with cancer. Nanocarbons, with an attractive combination of well-defined architectures, biocompatibility, and nanoscale dimension, offer an incredibly versatile platform for cancer imaging and therapy. This paper aims to review the underlying principles regarding the controllable synthesis, fluorescence origins, cellular toxicity, and surface functionalization routes of several classes of nanocarbons: carbon nanodots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanoonions, and carbon nanohorns. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs regarding the green synthesis of different nanocarbons from renewable sources. It also presents a comprehensive and unified overview of the latest cancer-related applications of nanocarbons and how they can be designed to interface with biological systems and work as cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. The commercial status for large-scale manufacturing of nanocarbons is also presented. Finally, it proposes future research opportunities aimed at engendering modifiable and high-performance nanocarbons for emerging applications across medical industries. This work is envisioned as a cornerstone to guide interdisciplinary teams in crafting fluorescent nanocarbons with tailored attributes that can revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Center for Sustainable Products, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Navya Pn
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Katia Alexander
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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3
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Su T, Zhao F, Ying Y, Li W, Li J, Zheng J, Qiao L, Che S, Yu J. Self-Monitoring Theranostic Nanomaterials: Emerging Visual Agents for Real-Time Monitoring of Tumor Treatment Processes. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301470. [PMID: 38044269 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-monitoring in tumor therapy is a concept that allows for real-time monitoring of the location and state of applied nanomaterials. This monitoring relies on dynamic signals, such as wave or magnetic signals, which vary in response to changes in the location and state of nanomaterials. Dynamic changes in nanomaterials can be monitored using dynamic signals, making it possible to determine and control the treatment process. Theranostic nanomaterials, which possess unique physical and chemical properties, have recently been explored as a viable option for self-monitoring. With the help of self-monitoring, theranostic nanomaterials can guide themselves to achieve region-selective treatment with higher controllability and safety. In this review, self-monitoring theranostic nanomaterials will be introduced in three parts according to their roles during therapy: tumor accumulation, tumor therapy, and metabolism. The limitations and future challenges of current self-monitoring theranostic nanomaterials will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Su
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yao Ying
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wangchang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jingwu Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shenglei Che
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Bai Y, Xu H, Wang H, Fan Y, Li X, Li Y, Fan L, Zhang Y, Qi L, Li Y. Highly Efficient Loading of Procaine on Water-Soluble Carbon Dots toward Long-Acting Anesthesia. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1700-1710. [PMID: 38334803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Safe and efficient local anesthetic delivery carriers are crucial for long-term anesthesia and analgesics in clinical treatment. But currently, most of the local anesthetic carriers still have some disadvantages such as low drug-loading capacity, drug leakage, and potential side effects. Here, we report red-emissive carbon dots (Cys-CDs) synthesized by choosing cysteine and citric acid as precursors, which contain a large and intact sp2-domain with rich hydrophilic groups around the edge. The special structure of Cys-CDs is conducive to the efficient loading of procaine (PrC) via strong π-π stacking interactions. Based on the strong noncovalent interactions between them, the PrC loaded on Cys-CDs achieved slow release in vitro and had a long-lasting nerve blocking effect in vivo, which is 4-fold more than that of free PrC. More importantly, PrC/Cys-CDs do not cause any toxicity and inflammation during treatment owing to slow release of PrC and good water solubility of Cys-CDs, thus demonstrating the potential clinical application of CDs in long-lasting analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Bai
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yixiao Fan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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5
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Liu X, Li F, Qiu Y, Huang Z, Sun X, Zhu Y, Yu W, Jiang D, Wan H, Pan Y, Wang P. Triple Cascade Quantum-Strip for Heart Failure Point-of-Care Testing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:29-41. [PMID: 38199966 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening syndrome. Timely and accurate bedside monitoring of the occurrence and progression of HF via measurements of multiple HF-related biomarkers remains a challenge. Here, we report a triple cascade quantum-strip (TCQS) sensing strategy for the rapid and selective multiplex-tracing of three clinically validated HF biomarkers (BNP/NT-proBNP/ST2) in serum. High selectivity to the three biomarkers is achieved by controlling the individual recognition ability of three target-specific quantum immunoprobes and tuning their simultaneous use to BNP/NT-proBNP/ST2 recognition without mutual interference, which allows the three biomarkers to be directly enriched from serum samples. Benefiting from the fast release-binding kinetics of target-bound immunoprobes on TCQS, recognizable fluorescent signals can be rapidly read out through combining with a self-designed smartphone-based portable reader. This rapid and simple profiling strategy results in good specificity and sensitivity with LODs of 0.097, 0.072, and 0.948 ng/mL for BNP, NT-proBNP, and ST2, respectively, which match the need of clinical applications. Real serum samples are tested with an accuracy of 92.86% for HF diagnosis, validating the capability of the smartphone-read TCQS for practical applications. In particular, the simultaneous detection of the TCQS sensing strategy for BNP/NT-proBNP/ST2 will facilitate the accurate monitoring of HF occurrence, risk stratification, progression, and prognosis as a powerful POCT tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fengheng Li
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhuoru Huang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xianyou Sun
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weijie Yu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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Shi Y, Su W, Yuan F, Yuan T, Song X, Han Y, Wei S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li X, Fan L. Carbon Dots for Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210699. [PMID: 36959751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon nanomaterials, have been regarded as promising alternatives for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their distinct characteristics, such as low toxicity, tuneable photoluminescence, and good photostability. In the last few years, despite remarkable progress achieved in CD-based LEDs, their device performance is still inferior to that of well-developed organic, heavy-metal-based QDs, and perovskite LEDs. To better exploit LED applications and boost device performance, in this review, a comprehensive overview of currently explored CDs is presented, focusing on their key optical characteristics, which are closely related to the structural design of CDs from their carbon core to surface modifications, and to macroscopic structural engineering, including the embedding of CDs in the matrix or spatial arrangement of CDs. The design of CD-based LEDs for display and lighting applications based on the fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence emission of CDs is also highlighted. Finally, it is concluded with a discussion regarding the key challenges and plausible prospects in this field. It is hoped that this review inspires more extensive research on CDs from a new perspective and promotes practical applications of CD-based LEDs in multiple directions of current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Abstract
Primary brain cancer or brain cancer is the overgrowth of abnormal or malignant cells in the brain or its nearby tissues that form unwanted masses called brain tumors. People with malignant brain tumors suffer a lot, and the expected life span of the patients after diagnosis is often only around 14 months, even with the most vigorous therapies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main barrier in the body that restricts the entry of potential chemotherapeutic agents into the brain. The chances of treatment failure or low therapeutic effects are some significant drawbacks of conventional treatment methods. However, recent advancements in nanotechnology have generated hope in cancer treatment. Nanotechnology has shown a vital role starting from the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. These tiny nanomaterials have great potential to deliver drugs across the BBB. Beyond just drug delivery, nanomaterials can be simulated to generate fluorescence to detect tumors. The current Review discusses in detail the challenges of brain cancer treatment and the application of nanotechnology to overcome those challenges. The success of chemotherapeutic treatment or the surgical removal of tumors requires proper imaging. Nanomaterials can provide imaging and therapeutic benefits for cancer. The application of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of brain cancer is discussed in detail by reviewing past studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Ale
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Nidhi Nainwal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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Yang Z, Xu T, Li H, She M, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Li J. Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11047-11136. [PMID: 37677071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest and play key roles in scientific innovations in diverse fields. In particular, increased attention has been focused on carbon-based nanomaterials exhibiting diverse extended structures and unique properties. Among these materials, zero-dimensional structures, including fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanodiamonds, and carbon dots, possess excellent bioaffinities and superior fluorescence properties that make these structures suitable for application to environmental and biological sensing, imaging, and therapeutics. This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and structural properties, design principles and preparation methods, and optical properties and sensing applications of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Recent interesting breakthroughs in the sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of heavy metal pollutants, hazardous substances, and bioactive molecules as well as applications in information encryption, super-resolution and photoacoustic imaging, and phototherapy and nanomedicine delivery are the main focus of this review. Finally, future challenges and prospects of these materials are highlighted and envisaged. This review presents a comprehensive basis and directions for designing, developing, and applying fascinating fluorescent sensors fabricated based on zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials for specific requirements in numerous research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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Bhattacharya T, Shin GH, Kim JT. Carbon Dots: Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031019. [PMID: 36986879 PMCID: PMC10059251 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have been actively studied and reported for their various properties. In particular, the specific characteristics of carbon dots have been considered as a possible technique for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This is also a cutting-edge technology that offers fresh ideas for treating various disorders. Though carbon dots are still in their infancy and have not yet shown their value to society, their discovery has already resulted in some noteworthy advancements. The application of CDs indicates conversion in natural imaging. Photography using CDs has demonstrated extraordinary appropriateness in bio-imaging, the discovery of novel drugs, the delivery of targeted genes, bio-sensing, photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of CDs, including their benefits, characteristics, applications, and mode of action. In this overview, many CD design strategies will be highlighted. In addition, we will discuss numerous studies on cytotoxic testing to demonstrate the safety of CDs. The current study will address the production method, mechanism, ongoing research, and application of CDs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Bhattacharya
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Hwa Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (G.H.S.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (G.H.S.); (J.T.K.)
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Hosseini SM, Mohammadnejad J, Najafi-Taher R, Zadeh ZB, Tanhaei M, Ramakrishna S. Multifunctional Carbon-Based Nanoparticles: Theranostic Applications in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1323-1338. [PMID: 36921253 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer diagnosis and treatment are the most critical challenges in modern medicine. Conventional cancer treatments no longer meet the needs of the health field due to the high rate of mutations and epigenetic factors that have caused drug resistance in tumor cells. Hence, the search for unique methods and factors is quickly expanding. The development of nanotechnology in medicine and the search for a system to integrate treatment and diagnosis to achieve an effective approach to overcome the known limitations of conventional treatment methods have led to the emergence of theranostic nanoparticles and nanosystems based on these nanoparticles. An influential group of these nanoparticles is carbon-based theranostic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have received significant attention due to their unique properties, such as electrical conductivity, high strength, excellent surface chemistry, and wide range of structural diversity (graphene, nanodiamond, carbon quantum dots, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanohorns). These nanoparticles were widely used in various fields, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, imaging, and biosensors. In this review, we discuss in detail the recent features and advances in carbon-based theranostic nanoparticles and the advanced and diverse strategies used to treat diseases with these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Life Science Engineering Faculty of Modern Science and Technology, Nano Biotechnology Group, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering Faculty of Modern Science and Technology, Nano Biotechnology Group, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Roqya Najafi-Taher
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11114115, Iran
| | - Zahra Beiram Zadeh
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Tanhaei
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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11
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Xu H, Chang J, Wu H, Wang H, Xie W, Li Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Fan L. Carbon Dots with Guanidinium and Amino Acid Functional Groups for Targeted Small Interfering RNA Delivery toward Tumor Gene Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207204. [PMID: 36840641 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based gene therapy represents a promising strategy for tumor treatment. Novel gene vectors that can achieve targeted delivery of siRNA to the tumor cells without causing any side effects are urgently needed. To this end, the large amino acid mimicking carbon dots with guanidinium functionalization (LAAM GUA-CDs) are designed and synthesized by choosing arginine and dopamine hydrochloride as precursors. LAAM GUA-CDs can load siRNA through the multiple hydrogen bonds between their guanidinium groups and phosphate groups in siRNA. Meanwhile, the amino acid groups at the edges of LAAM GUA-CDs endow them the capacity to target tumors. After loading siBcl-2 as a therapeutic agent, LAAM GUA-CDs/siBcl-2 has a high tumor inhibition rate of up to 68%, which is twice more than that of commercial Lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, LAAM GUA-CDs do not cause side effect during antitumor treatment owing to their high tumor-targeting ability, thus providing a versatile strategy for tumor-targeted siRNA delivery and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiao Chang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, 273155, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Xie
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yunchao Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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12
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Anand R, Kumar L, Mohan L, Bharadvaja N. Nano-inspired smart medicines targeting brain cancer: diagnosis and treatment. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:1-15. [PMID: 36449063 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, despite being the bull's eye for the research community, accounts for a large number of morbidity and mortality. Cancer of the brain is considered the most intractable, with the least diagnosis rates, hence treatment and survival. Despite the extensive development of therapeutic molecules, their targeting to the diseased site is a challenge. Specially tailored nanoparticles can efficiently deliver drugs and genes to the brain to treat tumours and diseases. These nanotechnology-based strategies target the blood-brain barrier, the local space, or a specific cell type. These nanoparticles are preferred over other forms of targeted drug delivery due to the chances for controlled delivery of therapeutic cargo to the intended receptor. Targeted cancer therapy involves using specific receptor-blocking compounds that block the spreading or growth of cancerous cells. This review presents an account of the recent applications of nano-based cancer theragnostic, which deal in conjunct functionalities of nanoparticles for effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It commences with an introduction to tumours of the brain and their grades, followed by hurdles in its conventional diagnosis and treatment. The characteristic mechanism of nanoparticles for efficiently tracing brain tumour grade and delivery of therapeutic genes or drugs has been summarised. Nanocarriers like liposomes have been widely used and commercialized for human brain cancer treatment. However, nano-inspired structures await their translational recognition. The green synthesis of nanomaterials and their advantages have been discussed. The article highlights the challenges in the nano-modulation of brain cancer and its future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Anand
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Lakhan Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Mohan
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
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13
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Xu B, Li J, Zhang J, Ning H, Fang X, Shen J, Zhou H, Jiang T, Gao Z, Meng X, Wang Z. Solid-State Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Unprecedented Efficiency from Visible to Near-Infrared Region. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205788. [PMID: 36461754 PMCID: PMC9896040 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing solid-state luminescent materials with bright long-wavelength emissions is of considerable practical importance in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but remains a formidable challenge. Here, a novel structure engineering strategy is reported to realize solid-state fluorescence (FL)-emitted carbon dots (CDs) from visible to near-infrared region. This is the first report of such an extended wavelength emission of self-quenching-resistant solid-state CDs. Notably, the quantum yields of these CDs are remarkably improved up to 67.7%, which is the highest value for solid-state CDs. The surface polymer chains of CDs can efficiently suppress the conjugated sp2 carbon cores from π-π stacking inducing aggregation caused FL quenching, and the redshift of FL emissions is attributed to narrowing bandgap caused by an enlarged sp2 carbon core. Using these CDs as conversion phosphors, the fabrication of white LEDs with adjustable correlated color temperatures of 1882-5019 K is achieved. Moreover, a plant growth LED device is assembled with a blue-LED chip and deep-red/near-infrared-emitted CDs. Compared with sunlight and white LEDs, the peanuts irradiated by plant growth LED lamp show higher growth efficiency in terms of branches and leaves. This work provides high-quality solid-state CD-based phosphors for LED lighting sources that are required for diverse optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Huiying Ning
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Xiaoqi Fang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Tianlong Jiang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Xiangeng Meng
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
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14
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Engineering and surface modification of carbon quantum dots for cancer bioimaging. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Alam MB, Minocha T, Yadav SK, Parmar AS. Therapeutic Potential of Chlorophyll Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots against Cervical Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Bayazeed Alam
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Tarun Minocha
- Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Sanjeev K. Yadav
- Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
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16
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Arezki Y, Delalande F, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Cianférani S, Rapp M, Lebeau L, Pons F, Ronzani C. Surface charge influences protein corona, cell uptake and biological effects of carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14695-14710. [PMID: 36168840 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03611h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots are emerging nanoparticles (NPs) with tremendous applications, especially in the biomedical field. Herein is reported the first quantitative proteomic analysis of the protein corona formed on CDs with different surface charge properties. Four CDs were synthesized from citric acid and various amine group-containing passivation reagents, resulting in cationic NPs with increasing zeta (ζ)-potential and density of positive charges. After CD contact with serum, we show that protein corona identity is influenced by CD surface charge properties, which in turn impacts CD uptake and viability loss in macrophages. In particular, CDs with high ζ-potential (>+30 mV) and charge density (>2 μmol mg-1) are the most highly internalized, and their cell uptake is strongly correlated with a corona enriched in vitronectin, fibulin, fetuin, adiponectin and alpha-glycoprotein. On the contrary, CDs with a lower ζ-potential (+11 mV) and charge density (0.01 μmol mg-1) are poorly internalized, while having a corona with a very different protein signature characterized by a high abundance of apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOB and APOC), albumin and hemoglobin. These data illustrate how corona characterization may contribute to a better understanding of CD cellular fate and biological effects, and provide useful information for the development of CDs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Arezki
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.
| | - François Delalande
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Schaeffer-Reiss
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mickaël Rapp
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.
| | - Françoise Pons
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.
| | - Carole Ronzani
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.
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17
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Wang B, Cai H, Waterhouse GIN, Qu X, Yang B, Lu S. Carbon Dots in Bioimaging, Biosensing and Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Huijuan Cai
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | | | - Xiaoli Qu
- Erythrocyte Biology Laboratory School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
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18
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Zhang B, Liu W, Wu X, Zhu J, Hu W, El Jaouhari A, Liu X. Facile Preparation of Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Glutathione and l-Tryptophan for Sensitive and Selective Off/On Detection of Fe 3+ Ions in Serum and Their Bioimaging Application. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7853-7864. [PMID: 35284715 PMCID: PMC8912430 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent properties such as low toxicity, good biocompatibility, good fluorescence imaging, etc. Here, glutathione and l-tryptophan were used as carbon sources to hydrothermally synthesize CDs for sensitive and selective off/on detection of Fe3+ ions. The CDs are spherical nanoparticles with an average particle size of 3.8 nm and the presence of organic groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, and amino groups on their surface. The experiment results display that Fe3+ ions can be selectively and sensitively detected by quenching the fluorescence of CDs. Moreover, the fluorescence of the CDs+Fe3+ system can be restored after adding ascorbic acid. Thus, an off/on fluorescent probe for the determination of Fe3+ can be formed using the as-synthesized CDs solution. The CDs show a good linear range of 0-13.89 mM and a 0.0331 μM limit of detection for Fe3+, and the most probable mechanism concluded from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry is a mixed static and dynamic quenching. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity experiment results show that CDs have low toxicity and can be used for intracellular imaging.
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19
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Wu J, Chen G, Jia Y, Ji C, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Leblanc RM, Peng Z. Carbon dot composites for bioapplications: a review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:843-869. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the synthesis of carbon dot composites and their applications in biomedical fields (bioimaging, drug delivery and biosensing) have been carefully summarized. The current challenges and future trends of CD composites in this field have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinnong Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Ji
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhang J, Li C, Xue Q, Yin X, Li Y, He W, Chen X, Zhang J, Reis RL, Wang Y. An Efficient Carbon-Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy through the Nucleus Targeting and Mitochondria Mediated Apoptotic Pathway. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100539. [PMID: 34928029 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of nanocarriers solves the problems of antitumor drugs such as non-targeting, huge side effects, etc., and has been widely used in tumor therapy. Some kinds of antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) mainly act on the nucleic acid causing DNA damage, interfering with transcription, and thereby disrupting or blocking the process of cancer cell replication. Herein, a new nanodrug delivery system, the carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs)-Pluronic F127-DOX (CPD), is designed by using CBNs as a nanocarrier for DOX. As a result, the tumor growth inhibition rate of CPD group is as high as 79.42 ± 2.83%, and greatly reduces the side effects. The targeting rate of the CPD group of DOX in the tumor nucleus is 36.78%, and the %ID/g in tumor tissue is 30.09%. The CPD regulates the expression levels of Caspase-3, p53, and Bcl-2 genes by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, which indicates that mitochondrial-mediated pathways are involved in apoptosis. The CPD nanodrug delivery system increases the effective accumulation of DOX in tumor cell nuclei and tumor tissues, and generates massive ROS, thereby inhibiting tumor growth in vivo, representing a promising agent for anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Qianghua Xue
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Yin
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Li
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wen He
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xuerui Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Research Center, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Rui L Reis
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Yanli Wang
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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Paramasivam G, Palem VV, Sundaram T, Sundaram V, Kishore SC, Bellucci S. Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications in Theranostics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3228. [PMID: 34947577 PMCID: PMC8705396 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are endowed with unique features and essential properties suitable for employing in the field of nanomedicine. The nanomaterials can be classified as 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D based on their dimensions. The nanomaterials can be malleable and ductile and they can be drawn into wires and sheets. Examples of nanomaterials are quantum dots (0D), nanorods, nanowires (1D), nanosheets (2D), and nanocubes (3D). These nanomaterials can be synthesized using top-down and bottom-up approaches. The achievements of 0D and 1D nanomaterials are used to detect trace heavy metal (e.g., Pb2+) and have higher sensitivity with the order of five as compared to conventional sensors. The achievements of 2D and 3D nanomaterials are used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents with multifunctional ability in imaging systems such as PET, SPECT, etc. These imaging modalities can be used to track the drug in living tissues. This review comprises the state-of-the-art of the different dimensions of the nanomaterials employed in theranostics. The nanomaterials with different dimensions have unique physicochemical properties that can be utilized for therapy and diagnosis. The multifunctional ability of the nanomaterials can have a distinct advantage that is used in the field of theranostics. Different dimensions of the nanomaterials would have more scope in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Palem
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Thanigaivel Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Vickram Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Somasundaram Chandra Kishore
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
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22
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Yang L, Hou X, Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu J, Huang F, Liu J. NIR-activated self-sensitized polymeric micelles for enhanced cancer chemo-photothermal therapy. J Control Release 2021; 339:114-129. [PMID: 34536448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
NIR-activated therapies based on light-responsive drug delivery systems are emerging as a remote-controlled method for cancer precise therapy. In this work, fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG)-conjugated and bioactive compound gambogic acid (GA)-loaded polymeric micelles (GA@PEG-TK-ICG PMs) were smoothly fabricated via the self-assembly of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal (TK)-linked amphiphilic polymer poly(ethyleneglycol)-thioketal-(indocyanine green) (PEG-TK-ICG). The resultant micelles demonstrated increased resistance to photobleaching, enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency, NIR-controlled drug release behavior, preferable biocompatibility, and excellent tumor accumulation performance. Moreover, upon an 808 nm laser irradiation, the micellar photoactive chromophore ICG converted the absorbed optical energy to both hyperthermia for photothermal therapy (PTT) and ROS as the feedback trigger to the micelles for the tumor-specific release of GA, which could serve as not only a chemotherapeutic drug to directly kill tumor cells but also a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor to realize the photothermal sensitization. As a result, an extremely high tumor inhibition rate (97.9%) of mouse 4 T1 breast cancer models was achieved with negligible side effects after the chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy. This NIR-activated nanosystem with photothermal self-sensitization function may provide a feasible option for the effective treatment of aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Dianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
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23
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Bayda S, Amadio E, Cailotto S, Frión-Herrera Y, Perosa A, Rizzolio F. Carbon dots for cancer nanomedicine: a bright future. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5183-5221. [PMID: 36132627 PMCID: PMC9419712 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world. Early diagnosis and effective cancer therapies are required to treat this pathology. Traditional therapeutic approaches are limited by lack of specificity and systemic toxicity. In this scenario, nanomaterials could overcome many limitations of conventional approaches by reducing side effects, increasing tumor accumulation and improving the efficacy of drugs. In the past few decades, carbon nanomaterials (i.e., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots) have attracted significant attention of researchers in various scientific fields including biomedicine due to their unique physical/chemical properties and biological compatibility and are among the most promising materials that have already changed and will keep changing human life. Recently, because of their functionalization and stability, carbon nanomaterials have been explored as a novel tool for the delivery of therapeutic cancer drugs. In this review, we present an overview of the development of carbon dot nanomaterials in the nanomedicine field by focusing on their synthesis, and structural and optical properties as well as their imaging, therapy and cargo delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Bayda
- Faculty of Sciences, Jinan University Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Emanuele Amadio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Simone Cailotto
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Yahima Frión-Herrera
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Alvise Perosa
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute 33081 Aviano Italy
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