The anti-microbial activities of secosteroids isolated from Physalis angulata

Genus Physalis L.: A review of resources and cultivation, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and applications

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

The genus Physalis L. (Solanaceae) is commonly used in the treatment of dermatitis, leprosy, bronchitis, pneumonia, hepatitis and rheumatism in China and other Asian countries.

AIM OF THE REVIEW

This article reviews the resources, cultivation, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and applications of Physalis L., and proposes further research strategies to enhance its therapeutic potential in treating various human diseases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases, including CNKI, SciFinder and PubMed, using the term "Physalis L." to collect information on the resources, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and applications of Physalis L. in China during the past ten years (2013.1-2023.1).

RESULTS

So far, a variety of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from Physalis L. mainly including steroids, flavonoids, and so on. Various pharmacological activities were evaluated by studying different extracts of Physalis L., these activities include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, antineoplastic, and other aspects.

CONCLUSION

Physalis L. occupies an important position in the traditional medical system. It is cost-effective and is a significant plant with therapeutic applications in modern medicine. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medical use of this plant resources and cultivation, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and applications.

Physalis angulata Linn. as a medicinal plant (Review)

There are numerous medicinal benefits from herbal plants, with many herbal medicines being used as 'Jamu', 'standardized herbal medicines' and phytopharmaceuticals. Physalis angulata Linn. (P. angulata L.), a plant utilized for both medicinal and food consumption purposes in a number of tropical and subtropical nations, is widely studied for its beneficial properties. The present review summarized the scientific evidence which suggested that P. angulata L. possesses antibacterial, anticancer, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antidiabetic properties. Furthermore, the various pharmacological studies that have been conducted utilizing in vivo and in vitro models, as well as the identification of phytochemical components with therapeutic value are described. In addition, the present review explained the solvents and the toxicity tests that were used for the investigation of P. angulata L. The authors aspire that this literature review will provide an overview for researchers regarding the scientific progress of P. angulata L. over the past ten years and the potential areas of future research.

UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Withanolides from the Fruits of Physalis angulata

Physalis angulata Linn. is an exotic Amazonian fruit that is commonly recognized as wild tomato, winter cherry, and gooseberry. While its fruit is known to contain many nutrients, such as minerals, fibers, and vitamins, few papers have investigated withanolide derivatives from its fruits. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS, which produces fragmentation spectra, was applied for the first time to guide the isolation of bioactive withanolide derivatives from P. angulata fruits. As a result, twenty-six withanolide derivatives, including two novel 1,10-secowithanolides (1 and 2) and a new derivative (3), were obtained. Compounds 1 and 2 are rare rearranged 1,10-secowithanolides with a tetracyclic 7/6/6/5 ring system. All structures were assigned through various spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations. Nine withanolide derivatives exhibited significant inhibitory effects on three tumor cell lines with IC50 values of 0.51-13.79 μM. Moreover, three new compounds (1-3) exhibited potential nitric oxide inhibitory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (IC50: 7.51-61.8 μM). This investigation indicated that fruits of P. angulata could be applied to treat and prevent cancer and inflammatory-related diseases due to their potent active withanolide derivatives.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phytochemicals from Ruellia tuberosa

In Vietnam, the aerial parts of Ruellia tuberosa L. are used to treat stress oxidation and inflammatory symptoms in diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant and inflammatory inhibition activities of Ruellia tuberosa L. extract (RTE) and those of the isolated compounds by column chromatography. The crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assays with an IC50 of 25.18 and 14.71 (DPPH test) and 18.22 and 15.27 µg/ml (ABTS test), respectively. The RTE contained high concentrations of polyphenols (308.21 mg GAE/g) and moderate concentrations of flavonoids (97.80 mg QE/g). In the anti-inflammatory screening assay, the crude ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions suppressed the release of IL-6 and nitric oxide production, but the production of IL-10 was not enhanced in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Three potential anti-inflammatory compounds as hispidulin (6), physalin E (7), and physalin D (8) along with five other compounds named myricitrin (1), afzelin (2), apigenin (3), taraxerol (4), and lupeol (5) were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction. Physalin D (8) exhibited a strong, dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines; however, the IL-10 expression was independent of its concentration in macrophages at noncytotoxic concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 μg/mL. Based on the data obtained, compounds 6–8 sourced from Ruellia tuberosa L are potentially bioactive compounds for the treatment of inflammation symptoms in type 2 diabetes mellitus.