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Shu X, Hua G, Zheng X, Chen Z, Zhang J, Zhuang W, Chen J. Screening of reliable reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR in chicken oviduct tract. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103980. [PMID: 38959666 PMCID: PMC11269787 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing publicly available RNA-seq data to screen for ideal reference genes is more efficient and accurate than traditional methods. Previous studies have identified optimal reference genes in various chicken tissues, but none have specifically focused on the oviduct (including the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina), which is crucial for egg production. Identifying stable reference genes in the oviduct is essential for improving research on gene expression levels. This study investigated genes with consistent expression patterns in the chicken oviduct, encompassing both individual oviduct tract tissues and the entire oviduct, by utilizing multiple RNA-seq datasets. The screening results revealed the discovery of 100 novel reference genes in each segment of oviduct tissues, primarily associated with cell cycle regulation and RNA binding. Moreover, the majority of housekeeping genes (HKGs) showed inconsistent expression levels across distinct samples, suggesting their lack of stability under varying conditions. The stability of the newly identified reference genes was assessed in comparison to previously validated stable reference genes in chicken oviduct and commonly utilized HKGs, employing traditional reference gene screening methods. HERPUD2, CSDE1, VPS35, PBRM1, LSM14A, and YWHAB were identified to be suitable novel reference gene for different parts of the oviduct. HERPUD2 and YWHAB were reliable for gene expression normalization throughout the oviduct tract. Furthermore, overexpression and interference assays in DF1 cells showed LSM14A and YWHAB play a crucial role in cell proliferation, highlighting the importance of these newly reference genes for further research. Overall, this study has expanded the options for reference genes in RT-qPCR experiments in different segments of the chicken oviduct and the entire oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Wuchao Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
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Chen Z, Hua G, Shu X, Zhuang W, Zhang J, Zhu R, Zheng X, Chen J. Screening of reliable reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR in chicken liver tissues and LMH cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17828. [PMID: 39090210 PMCID: PMC11294616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a vital role in lipid synthesis and metabolism in poultry. To study the functional genes more effectively, it is essential to screen of reliable reference genes in the chicken liver, including females, males, embryos, as well as the Leghorn Male Hepatoma (LMH) cell line. Traditional reference gene screening involves selecting commonly used housekeeping genes (HKGs) for RT-qPCR experiments and using different algorithms to identify the most stable ones. However, this approach is limited in selecting the best reference gene from a small pool of HKGs. High-throughput sequencing technology may offer a solution to this limitation. This study aimed to identify the most consistently expressed genes by utilizing multiple published RNA-seq data of chicken liver and LMH cells. Subsequently, the stability of the newly identified reference genes was assessed in comparison to previously validated stable poultry liver expressed reference genes and the commonly employed HKGs using RT-qPCR. The findings indicated that there is a higher degree of similarity in stable expression genes between female and male liver (such as LSM14A and CDC40). In embryonic liver, the optimal new reference genes were SUDS3, TRIM33, and ERAL1. For LMH cells, the optimal new reference genes were ALDH9A1, UGGT1, and C21H1orf174. However, it is noteworthy that most HKGs did not exhibit stable expression across multiple samples, indicating potential instability under diverse conditions. Furthermore, RT-qPCR experiments proved that the stable expression genes identified from RNA-seq data outperformed commonly used HKGs and certain validated reference genes specific to poultry liver. Over all, this study successfully identified new stable reference genes in chicken liver and LMH cells using RNA-seq data, offering researchers a wider range of reference gene options for RT-qPCR in diverse situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Wuchao Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Runbang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, China.
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Herrera-Sánchez MP, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Rondón-Barragán IS. Stress-Related Gene Expression in Liver Tissues from Laying Hens Housed in Conventional Cage and Cage-Free Systems in the Tropics. Vet Med Int 2024; 2024:4107326. [PMID: 38250291 PMCID: PMC10799707 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4107326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Global egg production is mainly based on cage systems, which have been associated with negative effects on the welfare of birds. Stress factors in restrictive production systems can lead to changes in gene transcription and protein synthesis, ultimately impacting the quality of poultry products. The liver serves various metabolic functions, such as glycogen storage, and plays a crucial role in animals' adaptation to environmental changes. Consequently, both internal and external conditions can influence liver functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of AGP, CRP, NOX4, SOD1, CAT, GPX1, SREBF1, and FXR in the liver of laying hens under two different production systems. Liver tissues from Hy-Line Brown hens housed in conventional cage and cage-free egg production systems at 60 and 80 weeks of production were used. mRNA transcript levels were determined by qPCR using the relative quantification method and ACTB as the reference gene. AGP, SOD1, and SREBF1 gene expressions were significantly higher in the conventional cage group at the 60 weeks of production. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of transcripts related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism were higher in the group of laying hens housed in conventional cages compared to those in cage-free systems. These results suggest differential gene expression of genes related to oxidative stress in liver tissues from hens housed in conventional cages compared to cage-free systems. The conditions of the egg production system can impact the gene expression of oxidative stress and lipid synthesis genes, potentially leading to changes in the metabolism and performance of hens, including egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Roy Rodríguez-Hernández
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
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Chen J, Chen Z, Zhang J, Zhuang W, Zheng X. Screening of reliable reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR in chicken gastrointestinal tract. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103169. [PMID: 37918133 PMCID: PMC10641542 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR technology for the production of gene tissue expression profiles is a widely employed approach in molecular biology research. It is imperative to ascertain internal reference genes that exhibit stable expression across diverse tissues to ensure the precision of tissue gene expression profiles. While there have been studies documenting the most suitable reference genes for various tissues in chickens, there is a dearth of research on the identification of reference genes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of chickens. This study utilized 4 different algorithms (Delta CT, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and Genorm) to assess the stability of 19 internal reference genes in various GI tract tissues, including individual GI tract tissues, the anterior and posterior GI tract, and the entire GI tissue. The RefFinder software was employed to comprehensively rank these genes. The research findings successfully identified the most appropriate internal reference genes for each type of GI tissue. Furthermore, TBP, DNAJC24, Polr2b, RPL13, andAp2m exhibited stable expression in the entire and posterior GI tract, whereas HMBS, TBP, Ap2m, GUSB, DNAJC24, and RPL13 demonstrated stable expression in the anterior GI tract. However, the internal reference genes commonly utilized, namely β-Actin, 18s RNA, and ALB, exhibit poor stability and are not advised for future investigations concerning gene expression in the GI region. Consequently, MUC2 and CDX1, 2 genes that specifically express in the gut, were chosen for examination to ascertain the stability of the aforementioned internal reference genes in this particular study. In summary, this study presents a relatively stable set of internal reference genes that can be employed to enhance the precision of quantifying mRNA expression levels in functional genes within the chicken GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Wuchao Zhuang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
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Shui F, Qiu G, Pan S, Wang X, Jia F, Jiang T, Li Y, Geng Z, Jin S. Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative gene expression analysis in the duodenum of meat-type ducks. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1160384. [PMID: 37077952 PMCID: PMC10106614 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is an important method to detect gene expression at the molecular level. The selection of appropriate housekeeping genes is the key to accurately calculating the expression level of target genes and conducting gene function studies. In this study, the expression of eight candidate reference genes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), beta-actin (β-actin), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1), TATA box binding protein (TBP), ribosomal protein L13 (RPL13), and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein (YWHAZ), in the duodenal epithelial tissue of 42-day-old meat-type ducks were detected using qPCR. Furthermore, their expression stability was analyzed using the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper programs. The results indicated that HMBS and YWHAZ were the most stably expressed genes. All three programs indicated that the expression of 18S rRNA was the least stable, making it unsuitable for the study of gene expression in meat-type duck tissues. This study provides stable reference genes for gene expression analysis and contributes to further studies on the gene function of meat-type ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Guiru Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shenqiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Fumin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Extension Center for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Huangshan City, Huangshan, China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Sihua Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Sihua Jin
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Yang L, Yuan F, Rong L, Cai J, Yang S, Jia Z, Li S. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profile Analysis of Muscles Reveals Pathways and Biomarkers Involved in Flavor Differences between Caged and Cage-Free Chickens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182890. [PMID: 36141015 PMCID: PMC9498551 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cage-free system has gained a lot of interest in recent years because it can offer chickens more freedom and is easier to manage compared with free-range rearing systems, but few studies have focused on the effect of the cage-free rearing system on meat quality and flavor. In this study, 44 Jianghan chickens were reared in caged or cage-free systems to explore the effect of different rearing systems on meat-eating quality. Sensory evaluation of cooked muscles showed that the leg muscle aroma, juiciness, and flavor intensity significantly improved by the cage-free rearing. The cage-free hens had significantly lower body weight, abdominal fat percentage, and meat fat content, but higher meat moisture content. The cage-free group had brighter breast muscle and redder leg muscle color 24 h after slaughter. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profile analysis of the leg muscle samples showed that the cage-free rearing changed biosynthesis pathways associated with glycogen metabolism, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis and transport, muscle cellular type, and cellular components, which were related to raw meat quality. Different rearing systems also resulted in differences in glycolipid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and altered levels of intramuscular fat content and other flavor precursors. Pathways such as glycerolipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, and metabonomic pathways such as linoleic acid, glycerophospholipid, arginine, proline, and β-alanine metabolism may be responsible for the meat quality and flavor change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubin Yang
- College of Food Sciences & Technology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- College of Food Sciences & Technology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Rong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sendong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zijia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-2091; Fax: +86-27-8728-0408
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