1
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Berger F, Schumann J, Réocreux R, Stamatakis M, Michaelides A. Bringing Molecules Together: Synergistic Coadsorption at Dopant Sites of Single Atom Alloys. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39356554 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Bringing molecules together on a catalytic surface is a prerequisite for bimolecular and recombination reactions. However, in the absence of attractive interactions between reactants, such as hydrogen bonds, this poses a challenge. In contrast, based on density functional theory, we show that coadsorption at active sites of single-atom alloys (SAAs) is favored and that coadsorption is a general phenomenon observed for catalytically relevant adsorbates on a broad range of SAAs under temperature and pressure conditions commonly employed for catalysis. Dopants located in both terrace sites and in step edge defects exhibit a preference for coadsorption, displaying similar periodic trends. Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the reactivity of a model reaction on both a pure metal and an SAA and show that the preference for coadsorption significantly alters the overall reaction energy profile, even when the barriers for the rate-determining elementary step are identical. In our models, the coadsorption preference enhances the catalytic activity of the SAA surface by several orders of magnitude compared to the pure metal. We also report infrared (IR) spectroscopic signatures of coadsorption, which facilitate experimental detection. Analysis reveals that in these systems repulsive lateral interactions between nearby molecules are more than compensated for by the enhanced binding at dopant sites. Among the broad range of systems considered, SAAs containing early transition metals (TMs) exhibit the strongest coadsorption preference, which can be rationalized by assuming the existence of an optimal number of electrons involved in binding. The strong coadsorption preference, together with facile product desorption from early TMs, renders these systems attractive candidates for catalysis. Moreover, these SAAs could open new routes for reduction reactions because coadsorption with hydrogen is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Berger
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Julia Schumann
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JE London, U.K
| | - Romain Réocreux
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JE London, U.K
| | - Michail Stamatakis
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JE London, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
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2
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Landarani-Isfahani A, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, Tangestaninejad S, Safari R, Hadi H. Palladium-immobilized triazine dendrimer on magnetic nanoparticles: as reusable microreactor for solvent-dependent synthesis strategy of 2,3-diphenylindoles and pentaphenylpyrrole derivatives. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22498. [PMID: 39341861 PMCID: PMC11439034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that palladium-immobilized triazine dendrimer on magnetic nanoparticles in proper solvents, provides an impressive, atom-economical and compelling approach for the selective synthesis of 2,3-diphenylindole or pentaphenylpyrrole derivatives via annulation of diphenylacetylene with diverse anilines. Both the annulation methods were taken place under copper- and phosphine-free conditions with high yields at air atmosphere. Likewise, bis-indoles were obtained with excellent yields under optimized reaction conditions. Besides, the catalyst was isolated and reused for seven cycles without decrease potential of catalytic activity. Two mechanistic pathways were proposed and geometry optimizations, electronic properties as well as vibrational characterizations of all structures were performed with density functional theory (DFT). Also, the investigation of atomic basin properties of these molecular systems was carried out utilizing the quantum atoms-in-molecules theory (QTAIM). The results showed that 2,3-diphenylindole and pentaphenyl pyrrole molecular systems can be used as intramolecular acceptor/donor (n-like/p-like) sections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Valiollah Mirkhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | | | - Reza Safari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamid Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
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3
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Zhang J, He X, Wang B, Rong C, Zhao D, Liu S. Density-based quantification of steric effects: validation by Taft steric parameters from acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23447-23456. [PMID: 39221570 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02702g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The steric effect is one of the most widely used concepts for chemical understanding in publications and textbooks, yet a well-accepted formulation of this effect is still elusive. Experimentally, this concept was quantified by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters, yielding the so-called Taft steric parameter. Theoretically, we recently proposed a density-based scheme to quantify the effect from density functional theory. In this work, we directly compare these two schemes, one from theory and the other from experiment. To this end, we first establish the ester hydrolysis mechanism with multiple water molecules explicitly considered and then apply the energetic span model to represent the hydrolysis barrier height between the two schemes. Our results show that the barrier height of the reaction series is strongly correlated with both Taft steric parameters from experiment and steric quantification from theory. We also obtained strong correlations with steric potential, steric force, and steric charge from our theoretical scheme. Strong correlations with a few information-theoretic quantities are additionally unveiled. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in the literature that such a direct comparison between theoretical and experimental results is made. These results also suggest that our proposed two-water three-step mechanism for ester hydrolysis is effective, and our theoretical quantification of the steric effect is valid, robust, and experimentally comparable. In our view, this work should have satisfactorily addressed the issue of how the steric effect can be formulated and quantified, and thus it lays the groundwork for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chunying Rong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Dongbo Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599-3420, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290, USA
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4
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Wang J, Feng A, Liu C, Zhang D. Mechanistic Insights from Density Functional Theory into Rh/Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines via Skeleton-Reorganizing Coupling of Cycloheptatriene and Amines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12514-12523. [PMID: 39243123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were conducted to refine our understanding at the molecular level of the synthesis of fused 1,2-dihydroquinolines through Rh- and acid-catalyzed skeleton-reorganizing coupling reactions of cycloheptatriene with amines. The results reveal that the reaction progresses via cascade catalysis, consisting of consecutive steps of Rh-catalyzed intermolecular coupling involving two RhIII-RhI-RhIII transformations with a maximum energy barrier of 27.1 kcal/mol, followed by acid-catalyzed intramolecular skeleton reorganization with a peak energy barrier of 23.3 kcal/mol. The most significant finding of this work is the identification of a new oxidation-reduction mode of the Rh center. This mode is achieved via migration of a proton from the ammonium ion to the metal center and nucleophilic attack-induced intermolecular reductive coupling, distinguishing it from the conventional oxidative addition-reductive elimination process. The acid-catalyzed intramolecular skeleton reorganization necessitates the assistance of a second HOTs molecule, along with its conjugate base, which sequentially facilitates retro-Mannich-type C-C cleavage and the isomerization of the terminal imine to enamine via acid-base catalysis. Our calculations also explain why the azabicyclic tropene byproduct does not compete with the formation of the fused 1,2-dihydroquinoline product. These theoretical insights are expected to provide valuable guidance for further improvements in the efficiency of skeleton-reorganizing coupling reactions between cycloheptatriene and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Aili Feng
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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5
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Ghoshal S, Sarkar P. First-Principles Insights into the Mechanism of CO 2 Hydrogenation Reactions by Fe-PNP Pincer Complex. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400425. [PMID: 38758533 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Using the state of the art theoretical methods, we have provided a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the CO2 hydrogenation into HCOOH, H2CO, and CH3OH by 2,6-bis(diisopropylphosphinomethyl)pyridine (PNP)-ligated Fe pincer complex, featuring one CO and two H as co-ligands. For the computational investigation, a verified structural model containing methyl groups in place of the experimental isopropyl groups was used. Three catalytic conversions involving hydrogenation of CO2 into formic acid (HCOOH), HCOOH into formaldehyde and methanol were studied in different solvent medium. Our modelled complex appears to be a viable base-free catalyst for the conversion of CO2 into HCOOH and HCOOH into H2CO, based on the free energy profiles, which show apparent activation energy barriers of 16.28 kcal/mol and 23.63 kcal/mol for the CO2 to HCOOH and HCOOH to H2CO conversion, respectively. However, the computed results show that, due to the huge energy span of H2CO to CH3OH conversion, complete hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol could not occur under moderate conditions. Morpholine co-catalyst, which can lower the hydrogenation barrier by taking part in a simultaneous H-atom donation-acceptance process, could have assisted in completing this step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235
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6
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Worakul T, Laplaza R, Das S, Wodrich MD, Corminboeuf C. Microkinetic Molecular Volcano Plots for Enhanced Catalyst Selectivity and Activity Predictions. ACS Catal 2024; 14:9829-9839. [PMID: 38988648 PMCID: PMC11232097 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecular volcano plots, which facilitate the rapid prediction of the activity and selectivity of prospective catalysts, have emerged as powerful tools for computational catalysis. Here, we integrate microkinetic modeling into the volcano plot framework to develop "microkinetic molecular volcano plots". The resulting unified computational framework allows the influence of important reaction parameters, including temperature, reaction time, and concentration, to be quickly incorporated and more complex situations, such as off-cycle resting states and coupled catalytic cycles, to be tackled. Compared to previous generations of molecular volcanoes, these microkinetic counterparts offer a more comprehensive understanding of catalytic behavior, in which selectivity and product ratios can be explicitly determined by tracking the evolution of each product concentration over time. This is demonstrated by examining two case studies, rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation and metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation, in which the unique insights provided by microkinetic modeling, as well as the ability to simultaneously screen catalysts and reaction conditions, are highlighted. To facilitate the construction of these plots/maps, we introduce mikimo, a Python program that seamlessly integrates with our previously developed automated volcano builder, volcanic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanapat Worakul
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedéralé
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rubén Laplaza
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedéralé
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National
Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedéralé
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedéralé
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National
Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedéralé
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National
Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Petrova VV, Solovev YV, Porozov YB, Polynski MV. Will We Witness Enzymatic or Pd-(Oligo)Peptide Catalysis in Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions? J Org Chem 2024; 89:8478-8485. [PMID: 38861408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of numerous advanced ligands for Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, the potential of (oligo)peptides serving as ligands remains unexplored. This study demonstrates via density functional theory (DFT) modeling that (oligo)peptide ligands can drive superior activity compared to classic phosphines in these reactions. The utilization of natural amino acids such as Met, SeMet, and His leads to strong binding of the Pd center, thereby ensuring substantial stability of the system. The increasing sustainability and economic viability of (oligo)peptide synthesis open new prospects for applying Pd-(oligo)peptide systems as greener catalysts. The feasibility of de novo engineering an artificial Pd-based enzyme for Suzuki cross-coupling is discussed, laying the groundwork for future innovations in catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlada V Petrova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Prospect 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Solovev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yuri B Porozov
- St. Petersburg School of Physics, Mathematics, and Computer Science, HSE University, Kantemirovskaya Street 3-1A, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia
- Advitam Laboratory, Vodovodska 158, Belgrade 11147, Serbia
| | - Mikhail V Polynski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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8
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Hussein AA, Jafar NNA, Ma Y. Elucidating the Mechanism of Tetrahydrofuran-Diol Formation through Os(VI)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 5,6-Dihydroxyalkenes Ligated by Citric Acid. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6892-6902. [PMID: 38701335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A computational study is reported here on the mechanism of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-diol formation from the Os(VI)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 5,6-dihydroxyalkene ligated with citric acid and in the presence of Bro̷nsted acid. Initiated by Os(VI) dioxo citrate formation, coordination of co-oxidant pyridine-N-oxide (PNO) and protonation of its oxo group generate the active catalyst. The catalytic cycle commences through successive steps, including dihydroxyalkene addition to the active catalyst in a concerted mechanism to form hexacoordinated alkoxy-protonated PNO-complexed Os(VI) bisglycolate as a turnover-limiting step (TLS), cyclization to Os(IV) THF-diolate, reoxidation to Os(VI) THF-diolate, and hydrolysis via a dissociative mechanism to furnish the THF-diol and regenerate the active species, sustaining the catalytic cycle through an Os(VI)/Os(IV) cycle. Despite the overall exergonic nature of catalytic cycle (ΔGrcycle = -45.0 kcal/mol), the TLS is accelerated by the formation of an open-valence 16-electron Os(VI) intermediate but decelerated by the undesired formation of a saturated/hexacoordinate 18-electron Os(VI) intermediate. Bro̷nsted acid plays crucial roles in the formation of Os(VI) citrate and the active catalyst, impediment of the second cycle, and the cyclization step. Additionally, besides its role as a co-oxidant, and in the presence of acid, PNO is found to assist the insertion of dihydroxyalkene and, importantly, in releasing the THF-diol to regenerate the active intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Babylon 51013, Iraq
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Nadhir N A Jafar
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institute, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Orienda Instrument Co. Ltd., Beijing 102200, People's Republic of China
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9
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Parmar SV, Avasare V. Syn-Aminoauration versus Anti-Aminoauration of Alkynes in Au(I)/Au(III) Catalysis: Understanding the Origin of Selectivity. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2951-2963. [PMID: 38332617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
There is no experimental evidence of whether such gold-catalyzed aminoauration reactions follow the anti- and/or syn-pathway, and hence, to understand the origin of the selectivity in Au(I)- and Au(III)-catalyzed reactions of alkynes, a thorough mechanistic study was performed using DFT methods. The NBO and ASM analyses provided significant information about the structure-stability-reactivity of the pathway-determining states (PDS). This study further reveals that the oxidation states and geometries of gold, the steric bulk, and the dihedral angles of the PDS direct the mechanistic pathways and control the turnover frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidya Avasare
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India
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10
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Foscato M, Occhipinti G, Hopen Eliasson SH, Jensen VR. Automated de Novo Design of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Computational and Experimental Analysis of a Simple Thermodynamic Design Criterion. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:412-424. [PMID: 38247361 PMCID: PMC10806812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Methods for computational de novo design of inorganic molecules have paved the way for automated design of homogeneous catalysts. Such studies have so far relied on correlation-based prediction models as fitness functions (figures of merit), but the soundness of these approaches has yet to be tested by experimental verification of de novo-designed catalysts. Here, a previously developed criterion for the optimization of dative ligands L in ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts RuCl2(L)(L')(═CHAr), where Ar is an aryl group and L' is a phosphine ligand dissociating to activate the catalyst, was used in de novo design experiments. These experiments predicted catalysts bearing an N-heterocyclic carbene (L = 9) substituted by two N-bound mesityls and two tert-butyl groups at the imidazolidin-2-ylidene backbone to be promising. Whereas the phosphine-stabilized precursor assumed by the prediction model could not be made, a pyridine-stabilized ruthenium alkylidene complex (17) bearing carbene 9 was less active than a known leading pyridine-stabilized Grubbs-type catalyst (18, L = H2IMes). A density functional theory-based analysis showed that the unsubstituted metallacyclobutane (MCB) intermediate generated in the presence of ethylene is the likely resting state of both 17 and 18. Whereas the design criterion via its correlation between the stability of the MCB and the rate-determining barrier indeed seeks to stabilize the MCB, it relies on RuCl2(L)(L')(═CH2) adducts as resting states. The change in resting state explains the discrepancy between the prediction and the actual performance of catalyst 17. To avoid such discrepancies and better address the multifaceted challenges of predicting catalytic performance, future de novo catalyst design studies should explore and test design criteria incorporating information from more than a single relative energy or intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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11
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Bhattacharya T, Ghosh S, Dutta S, Guin S, Ghosh A, Ge H, Sunoj RB, Maiti D. Combinatorial Ligand Assisted Simultaneous Control of Axial and Central Chirality in Highly Stereoselective C-H Allylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310112. [PMID: 37997014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The significance of stereoselective C-H bond functionalization thrives on its direct application potential to pharmaceuticals or complex chiral molecule synthesis. Complication arises when there are multiple stereogenic elements such as a center and an axis of chirality to control. Over the years cooperative assistance of multiple chiral ligands has been applied to control only chiral centers. In this work, we harness the essence of cooperative ligand approach to control two different stereogenic elements in the same molecule by atroposelective allylation to synthesize axially chiral biaryls from its racemic precursor. The crucial roles played by chiral phosphoric acid and chiral amino acid ligand in concert helped us to obtain one major stereoisomer out of four distinct possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Supratim Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
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12
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Mehmood A, Mahmood A, AlMasoud N, Hassan A, Alomar TS, El-Bahy ZM, Raza N, Tian X, Ullah N. Mechanistic Study on Steric Activity Interplay of Olefin/Polar Monomers for Industrially Selective Late Transition Metal Catalytic Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:7148. [PMID: 37894627 PMCID: PMC10609194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant issue in developing metal-catalyzed plastic polymer materials is obtaining distinctive catalytic characteristics to compete with current plastics in industrial commodities. We performed first-principle DFT calculations on the key insertion steps for industrially important monomers, vinyl fluoride (VF) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (TFP), to explain how the ligand substitution patterns affect the complex's polymerization behaviors. Our results indicate that the favorable 2,1-insertion of TFP is caused by less deformation in the catalyst moiety of the complexes in contrast to the 1,2-insertion mode. In contrast to the VF monomer, the additional interaction between the fluorine atoms of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene and the carbons of the catalyst ligands also contributed to favor the 2,1-insertion. It was found that the regioselectivity of the monomer was predominated by the progressive alteration of the catalytic geometry caused by small dihedral angles that were developed after the ligand-monomer interaction. Based on the distribution of the 1,2- and 2,1-insertion products, the activity and selectivity were influenced by the steric environment surrounding the palladium center; thus, an increased steric bulk visibly improved the selectivity of the bulkier polar monomer (TFP) during the copolymerization mechanism. In contrast, better activity was maintained through a sterically less hindered Pd metal center; the calculated moderate energy barriers showed that a catalyst with less steric hindrance might provide an opportunity for a wide range of prospective industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Mehmood
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ayyaz Mahmood
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arzoo Hassan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Taghrid S. Alomar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinhom M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Nadeem Raza
- Chemistry Department, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoqing Tian
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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13
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Detz H, Butera V. In-depth DFT Insights into the Crucial Role of Hydrogen Bonding Network in CO2 Fixation into Propylene Oxide Promoted by Biomass-Derived Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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14
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How many data points and how large an R-squared value is essential for Arrhenius plots? J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Mandal M, Pradhan R, Lourderaj U, Balamurugan R. Dodging the Conventional Reactivity of o-Alkynylanilines under Gold Catalysis for Distal 7- endo- dig Cyclization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2260-2287. [PMID: 36744758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A direct ring-closing strategy involving a less facile 7-endo-dig carbacyclization of o-alkynylaniline derivatives for the synthesis of benzo[b]azepines has been presented. The trivial well-documented 5-endo-dig cyclization in o-alkynylaniline derivatives due to high nucleophilicity of nitrogen has been overcome by using their vinylogous amides under gold catalysis to access a wide array of benzo[b]azepines in an atom economical way with excellent functional group compatibility. Deuterium scrambling experiments and DFT studies favor a mechanism involving stabilizing conformational change of the initially formed seven-membered vinyl gold intermediate through a key cyclopropyl gold carbene intermediate and its subsequent protodeauration mediated by the counter anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Mandal
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana-500046, India
| | - Renuka Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha-752050, India
| | - Upakarasamy Lourderaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha-752050, India
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16
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Kee CW. Molecular Understanding and Practical In Silico Catalyst Design in Computational Organocatalysis and Phase Transfer Catalysis-Challenges and Opportunities. Molecules 2023; 28:1715. [PMID: 36838703 PMCID: PMC9966076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the lens of organocatalysis and phase transfer catalysis, we will examine the key components to calculate or predict catalysis-performance metrics, such as turnover frequency and measurement of stereoselectivity, via computational chemistry. The state-of-the-art tools available to calculate potential energy and, consequently, free energy, together with their caveats, will be discussed via examples from the literature. Through various examples from organocatalysis and phase transfer catalysis, we will highlight the challenges related to the mechanism, transition state theory, and solvation involved in translating calculated barriers to the turnover frequency or a metric of stereoselectivity. Examples in the literature that validated their theoretical models will be showcased. Lastly, the relevance and opportunity afforded by machine learning will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Wee Kee
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
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17
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Ghosh S, Changotra A, Petrone DA, Isomura M, Carreira EM, Sunoj RB. Role of Noncovalent Interactions in Inducing High Enantioselectivity in an Alcohol Reductive Deoxygenation Reaction Involving a Planar Carbocationic Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2884-2900. [PMID: 36695526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of planar carbocation intermediates is generally considered undesirable in asymmetric catalysis due to the difficulty in gaining facial control and their intrinsic stability issues. Recently, suitably designed chiral catalyst(s) have enabled a guided approach of nucleophiles to one of the prochiral faces of carbocations affording high enantiocontrol. Herein, we present the vital mechanistic insights from our comprehensive density functional theory (B3LYP-D3) study on a chiral Ir-phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric reductive deoxygenation of racemic tertiary α-substituted allenylic alcohols. The catalytic transformation relies on the synergistic action of a phosphoramidite-modified Ir catalyst and Bi(OTf)3, first leading to the formation of an Ir-π-allenyl carbocation intermediate through a turn-over-determining SN1 ionization, followed by a face-selective hydride transfer from a Hantzsch ester analogue to yield an enantioenriched product. Bi(OTf)3 was found to promote a significant number of ionic interactions as well as noncovalent interactions (NCIs) with the catalyst and the substrates (allenylic alcohol and Hantzsch ester), thus providing access to a lower energy route as compared to the pathways devoid of Bi(OTf)3. In the nucleophilic addition, the chiral induction was found to depend on the number and efficacy of such key NCIs. The curious case of reversal of enantioselectivity, when the α-substituent of the allenyl alcohol is changed from methyl to cyclopropyl, was identified to originate from a change in mechanism from an enantioconvergent pathway (α-methyl) to a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (α-cyclopropyl). These molecular insights could lead to newer strategies to tame tertiary carbocations in enantioselective reactions using suitable combinations of catalysts and additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Avtar Changotra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - David A Petrone
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mayuko Isomura
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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18
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Razzaq S, Exner KS. Materials Screening by the Descriptor G max(η): The Free-Energy Span Model in Electrocatalysis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:1740-1758. [PMID: 36776387 PMCID: PMC9903997 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To move from fossil-based energy resources to a society based on renewables, electrode materials free of precious noble metals are required to efficiently catalyze electrochemical processes in fuel cells, batteries, or electrolyzers. Materials screening operating at minimal computational cost is a powerful method to assess the performance of potential electrode compositions based on heuristic concepts. While the thermodynamic overpotential in combination with the volcano concept refers to the most popular descriptor-based analysis in the literature, this notion cannot reproduce experimental trends reasonably well. About two years ago, the concept of G max(η), based on the idea of the free-energy span model, has been proposed as a universal approach for the screening of electrocatalysts. In contrast to other available descriptor-based methods, G max(η) factors overpotential and kinetic effects by a dedicated evacuation scheme of adsorption free energies into an analysis of trends. In the present perspective, we discuss the application of G max(η) to different electrocatalytic processes, including the oxygen evolution and reduction reactions, the nitrogen reduction reaction, and the selectivity problem of the competing oxygen evolution and peroxide formation reactions, and we outline the advantages of this screening approach over previous investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Razzaq
- University
Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Kai S. Exner
- University
Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence RESOLV, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Center
for Nanointegration (CENIDE) Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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19
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Trends in High-Temperature H2 Production on CeO2 Co-Doped with Trivalent Cations in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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20
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Exner KS. Steering Selectivity in the Four-Electron and Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reactions: On the Importance of the Volcano Slope. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:190-198. [PMID: 36968451 PMCID: PMC10037446 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, trends for competing electrocatalytic processes have been largely captured by volcano plots, which can be constructed by the analysis of adsorption free energies as derived from electronic structure theory in the density functional theory approximation. One prototypical example refers to the four-electron and two-electron oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs), resulting in the formation of water and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The conventional thermodynamic volcano curve illustrates that the four-electron and two-electron ORRs reveal the same slopes at the volcano legs. This finding is related to two facts, namely, that only a single mechanistic description is considered in the model, and electrocatalytic activity is assessed by the concept of the limiting potential, a simple thermodynamic descriptor evaluated at the equilibrium potential. In the present contribution, the selectivity challenge of the four-electron and two-electron ORRs is analyzed, thereby accounting for two major expansions. First, different reaction mechanisms are included into the analysis, and second, G max(U), a potential-dependent activity measure that factors overpotential and kinetic effects into the evaluation of adsorption free energies, is applied for approximation of electrocatalytic activity. It is illustrated that the slope of the four-electron ORR is not constant at the volcano legs but rather is prone to change as soon as another mechanistic pathway is energetically preferred or another elementary step becomes the limiting one. Due to the varying slope of the four-electron ORR volcano, a trade-off between activity and selectivity for hydrogen peroxide formation is observed. It is demonstrated that the two-electron ORR is energetically preferred at the left and right volcano legs, thus opening a new strategy for the selective formation of H2O2 by an environmentally benign route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai S. Exner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE) Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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21
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Ali HS, Hussein AA, Obies M. Impact of counteranions on N-heterocyclic carbene gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amide. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2896-2902. [PMID: 36756396 PMCID: PMC9850360 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06210k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Au(i)-catalyzed organic synthesis has recently been receiving increasing attention, especially with the activation of alkynes. In contrast, counteranions, being widely problematic in Au(i)-catalyzed transformations, are commonly considered as innocent partners and are not respectably included in a computational model. Herein, we report density functional theory (DFT) investigations of the Au(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amides to exploit the mechanistic effect of several counteranions to shed some light for further future developments. Among the counteranions used in this study, NTf2 -, ClO4 -, TsO-, TFA-, TfO-, MsO-, and SbF6 -, both the cyclization and protodeauration step favor the 5-exo-dig product over the 6-endo-dig product when the alkyne moiety is terminated with hydrogen. These anions reveal a crucial influence on the energy profile through lowering the barriers of the reaction. Mechanistically, the results obtained from all counteranions show that the protodeauration is slower than the cyclization. By using an energetic span model, the results clearly indicate that the rate-determining state is the protodeauration step for all counteranions, and thus protodeauration is the turnover-limiting step. The turnover frequency (TOF) results for the formation of the 5-exo-dig product show cyclization reactivity in the order of MsO- > TFA- > ClO4 - > NTf2 - > TfO- > TsO- ≫ SbF6 -, whereas an order of TFA- > MsO- > NTf2 - > TfO- ≈ ClO4 - > SbF6 - ⋙ TsO- is calculated for the protodeauration, suggesting that SbF6 - and TsO- are disfavored due to their slow protodeauration. In this regard, and for the 6-endo-dig pathway, our conclusions demonstrate an order of TfO- > TFA- > MsO- > NTf2 - > ClO4 - > TsO- ⋙ SbF6 - for the cyclization and TFA- > TsO- > MsO- > TfO- > NTf2 - > ClO4 - ⋙ SbF6 - for the protodeauration, advocating that the anions SbF6 -, NTf2 - and ClO4 - are unlikely partners for the 6-endo-dig pathway because of their slow protodeauration. Finally, the findings here advise that any engineering of the counteranion to increase the efficiency of catalytic system would be more effective on the protodeauration step rather than the cyclization step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxford OX1 3TAUK
| | - Aqeel A. Hussein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and TechnologySulaymaniyah 46001Kurdistan RegionIraq
| | - Mohammed Obies
- College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon51002HillahBabylonIraq
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22
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Escorihuela J. A Density Functional Theory Study on the Cobalt-Mediated Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reaction of Enynes Containing a Vinyl Fluoride Moiety. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Co2(CO)8-mediated intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) is an effective method for constructing polycyclic structures. Recently, our group reported a series of this type of reaction involving fluorinated enynes that proceed with reasonable reaction rates and yields. However, mechanistic studies involving these fluorinated derivatives in intramolecular PKR are scarce. In this study, density functional theory calculations are used to clarify the mechanism and reactivity of enynes containing a vinyl fluoride moiety for this reaction. In agreement with previous studies, alkene insertion is considered to be the rate-determining step for the overall Pauson–Khand reaction of enynes containing a vinyl fluoride moiety. The effect of the substituent on the Co2(CO)8-mediated intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction has also been investigated. When introducing heteroatoms as tethering units, the fluorinated enynes exhibited lower reactivity than the malonate homologues, whereas the use of a sulfur-based tether was unsuccessful. This computational study provides detailed information about the PKR mechanism and transition-state structures, and the results are validated with previous experimental results.
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23
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Li H, Tang Y, Li Z, Li Y, Chen B, Shen C, Huang Z, Dong K. Cobalt-catalyzed carbonylation of epoxides to β-lactones promoted by gallium porphyrin. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Ortega-Lepe I, Sánchez P, Santos LL, Lara P, Rendón N, López-Serrano J, Salazar-Pereda V, Álvarez E, Paneque M, Suárez A. Catalytic Nitrous Oxide Reduction with H 2 Mediated by Pincer Ir Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18590-18600. [PMID: 36346983 PMCID: PMC10441893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) with H2 to N2 and water is an attractive process for the decomposition of this greenhouse gas to environmentally benign species. Herein, a series of iridium complexes based on proton-responsive pincer ligands (1-4) are shown to catalyze the hydrogenation of N2O under mild conditions (2 bar H2/N2O (1:1), 30 °C). Among the tested catalysts, the Ir complex 4, based on a lutidine-derived CNP pincer ligand having nonequivalent phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) side donors, gave rise to the highest catalytic activity (turnover frequency (TOF) = 11.9 h-1 at 30 °C, and 16.4 h-1 at 55 °C). Insights into the reaction mechanism with 4 have been obtained through NMR spectroscopy. Thus, reaction of 4 with N2O in tetrahydrofuran-d8 (THF-d8) initially produces deprotonated (at the NHC arm) species 5NHC, which readily reacts with H2 to regenerate the trihydride complex 4. However, prolonged exposure of 4 to N2O for 6 h yields the dinitrogen Ir(I) complex 7P, having a deprotonated (at the P-arm) pincer ligand. Complex 7P is a poor catalytic precursor in the N2O hydrogenation, pointing out to the formation of 7P as a catalyst deactivation pathway. Moreover, when the reaction of 4 with N2O is carried out in wet THF-d8, formation of a new species, which has been assigned to the hydroxo species 8, is observed. Finally, taking into account the experimental results, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to get information on the catalytic cycle steps. Calculations are in agreement with 4 as the TOF-determining intermediate (TDI) and the transfer of an apical hydrido ligand to the terminal nitrogen atom of N2O as the TOF-determining transition state (TDTS), with very similar reaction rates for the mechanisms involving either the NHC- or the P-CH2 pincer methylene linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortega-Lepe
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Práxedes Sánchez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura L. Santos
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Lara
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Verónica Salazar-Pereda
- Área
Académica de Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Suárez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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25
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Cohen M, Vlachos DG. Modified Energy Span Analysis of Catalytic Parallel Pathways and Selectivity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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26
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Huang T, Kupfer S, Richter M, Gräfe S, Geitner R. Bidentate Rh(I)‐Phosphine Complexes for the C‐H Activation of Alkanes: Computational Modelling and Mechanistic Insight. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbai Huang
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Martin Richter
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Robert Geitner
- TU Ilmenau: Technische Universitat Ilmenau Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering Weimarer Str. 32 98693 Ilmenau GERMANY
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27
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Wodrich MD, Chang M, Gallarati S, Woźniak Ł, Cramer N, Corminboeuf C. Mapping Catalyst-Solvent Interplay in Competing Carboamination/Cyclopropanation Reactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200399. [PMID: 35522013 PMCID: PMC9401068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Group 9 metals, in particular RhIII complexes with cyclopentadienyl ligands, are competent C-H activation catalysts. Recently, a Cp*RhIII -catalyzed reaction of alkenes with N-enoxyphthalimides showed divergent outcome based on the solvent, with carboamination favored in methanol and cyclopropanation in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). Here, we create selectivity and activity maps capable of unravelling the catalyst-solvent interplay on the outcome of these competing reactions by analyzing 42 cyclopentadienyl metal catalysts, CpX MIII (M=Co, Rh, Ir). These maps not only can be used to rationalize previously reported experimental results, but also capably predict the behavior of untested catalyst/solvent combinations as well as aid in identifying experimental protocols that simultaneously optimize both catalytic activity and selectivity (solutions in the Pareto front). In this regard, we demonstrate how and why the experimentally employed Cp*RhIII catalyst represents an ideal choice to invoke a solvent-induced change in reactivity. Additionally, the maps reveal the degree to which even perceived minor changes in the solvent (e. g., replacing methanol with ethanol) influence the ratio of carboamination and cyclopropanation products. Overall, the selectivity and activity maps presented here provide a generalizable tool to create global pictures of anticipated reaction outcome that can be used to develop new experimental protocols spanning metal, ligand, and solvent space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Miyeon Chang
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Łukasz Woźniak
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design andDiscovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
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28
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Study on Rh(I)-o-aminophenol Catalyst Catalyzed Carbonylation of Methanol to Acetic Acid. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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29
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An S, Patel P, Liu C, Skodje RT. Computational Aspects of Single-Molecule Kinetics for Coupled Catalytic Cycles: A Spectral Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3783-3796. [PMID: 35658508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis from single active sites is analyzed using methods developed from single-molecule kinetics. Using a stochastic Markov-state description, the observable properties of general catalytic networks of reactions are expressed using an eigenvalue decomposition of the transition matrix for the Markov process. By the use of a sensitivity analysis, the necessary eigenvalues and eigenvectors are related to the energies of controlling barriers and wells located along the reaction routes. A generalization of the energetic span theory allows the eigenvalues to be computed from several activation energies corresponding to distinct barrier-well pairings. The formalism is demonstrated for model problems and for a physically realistic mechanism for an alkene hydrogenation reaction on a single-atom catalyst. The spectral analysis permits a hierarchy of timescales to be identified from the single-molecule signal, which correspond to specific relaxation modes in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suming An
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Prajay Patel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60639, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60639, United States
| | - Rex T Skodje
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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30
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Wei J, Li M, Ding J, Dai W, Yang Q, Feng Y, Yang C, Yang W, Zheng Y, Wang MY, Ma X. Parameterization of Phosphine Ligands Modified Rh Complexes to Unravel Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Pathways in Hydroformylation. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversitySchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin CHINA
| | - Maoshuai Li
- Tianjin Chemical Engineering and Technology Weijin RoadNankai District 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Jie Ding
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Weikang Dai
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Qi Yang
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Yi Feng
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Wanxin Yang
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Joint School of Tianjin University and National University of Singapore International Campus of Tianjin University CHINA
| | - Mei-Yan Wang
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Tianjin University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
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31
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Garay-Ruiz D, Bo C. Chemical reaction network knowledge graphs: the OntoRXN ontology. J Cheminform 2022; 14:29. [PMID: 35637523 PMCID: PMC9153116 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-022-00610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization and management of large amounts of data has become a major point in almost all areas of human knowledge. In this context, semantic approaches propose a structure for the target data, defining ontologies that state the types of entities on a certain field and how these entities are interrelated. In this work, we introduce OntoRXN, a novel ontology describing the reaction networks constructed from computational chemistry calculations. Under our paradigm, these networks are handled as undirected graphs, without assuming any traversal direction. From there, we propose a core class structure including reaction steps, network stages, chemical species, and the lower-level entities for the individual computational calculations. These individual calculations are founded on the OntoCompChem ontology and on the ioChem-BD database, where information is parsed and stored in CML format. OntoRXN is introduced through several examples in which knowledge graphs based on the ontology are generated for different chemical systems available on ioChem-BD. Finally, the resulting knowledge graphs are explored through SPARQL queries, illustrating the power of the semantic approach to standardize the analysis of intricate datasets and to simplify the development of complex workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garay-Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel . lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel . lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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32
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Loipersberger M, Derrick JS, Chang CJ, Head-Gordon M. Deciphering Distinct Overpotential-Dependent Pathways for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Catalyzed by an Iron-Terpyridine Complex. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6919-6933. [PMID: 35452213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
[Fe(tpyPY2Me)]2+ ([Fe]2+) is a homogeneous electrocatalyst for converting CO2 into CO featuring low overpotentials of <100 mV, near-unity selectivity, and high activity with turnover frequencies faster than 100 000 s-1. To identify the origins of its exceptional performance and inform future catalyst design, we report a combined computational and experimental study that establishes two distinct mechanistic pathways for electrochemical CO2 reduction catalyzed by [Fe]2+ as a function of applied overpotential. Electrochemical data shows the formation of two catalytic regimes at low (ηTOF/2 of 160 mV) and high (ηTOF/2 of 590 mV) overpotential plateaus. We propose that at low overpotentials [Fe]2+ undergoes a two-electron reduction, two-proton-transfer mechanism (electrochemical-electrochemical-chemical-chemical, EECC), where turnover occurs through the dicationic iron complex, [Fe]2+. Computational analysis supports the importance of the singlet ground-state electronic structure for CO2 binding and that the rate-limiting step is the second protonation in this low-overpotential regime. When more negative potentials are applied, an additional electron-transfer event occurs through either a stepwise or proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) pathway, enabling catalytic turnover from the monocationic iron complex ([Fe]+) via an electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical-chemical (ECEC) mechanism. Comparison of experimental kinetic data obtained from variable controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) experiments with direct product detection with calculated rates obtained from the energetic span model supports the PCET pathway as the most likely mechanism. Moreover, we build upon this mechanistic understanding to propose the design of an improved ligand framework that is predicted to stabilize the key transition states identified in our study and explore their electronic structures using an energy decomposition analysis. Taken together, this work highlights the value of synergistic computational/experimental approaches to decipher mechanisms of new electrocatalysts and direct the rational design of improved platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Loipersberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Derrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Cohen M, Vlachos DG. Modified Energy Span Analysis Reveals Heterogeneous Catalytic Kinetics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
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34
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A DFT study on the mechanism of NO and N2O decomposition catalysed by Cu(I) pairs in Cu-ZSM-5: Revisited reactivity at the M6 ring. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Succinylated isoniazid potential prodrug: Design of Experiments (DoE) for synthesis optimization and computational study of the reaction mechanism by DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Mahamudul Hassan MM, Mondal B, Singh S, Haldar C, Chaturvedi J, Bisht R, Sunoj RB, Chattopadhyay B. Ir-Catalyzed Ligand-Free Directed C–H Borylation of Arenes and Pharmaceuticals: Detailed Mechanistic Understanding. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4360-4375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biplab Mondal
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukriti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Chabush Haldar
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagriti Chaturvedi
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Bisht
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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37
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Halbert S, Gérard H. Cu(I)-Assisted Addition of Li- or Zn-Organometallics to Carbonyl Compounds: Learning from Analogies and Differences Between Intermediates and Transition States. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Xing SY, Zhao YH, Wang TF, Han MH. Insights into the alkylation of benzene with olefins: effect of chain length of the olefins. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the structure–reactivity relationship has been elucidated from a different perspective by using olefins with different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Feng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Han Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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39
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Dale HJA, Leach AG, Lloyd-Jones GC. Heavy-Atom Kinetic Isotope Effects: Primary Interest or Zero Point? J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21079-21099. [PMID: 34870970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemists have many options for elucidating reaction mechanisms. Global kinetic analysis and classic transition-state probes (e.g., LFERs, Eyring) inevitably form the cornerstone of any strategy, yet their application to increasingly sophisticated synthetic methodologies often leads to a wide range of indistinguishable mechanistic proposals. Computational chemistry provides powerful tools for narrowing the field in such cases, yet wholly simulated mechanisms must be interpreted with great caution. Heavy-atom kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) offer an exquisite but underutilized method for reconciling the two approaches, anchoring the theoretician in the world of calculable observables and providing the experimentalist with atomistic insights. This Perspective provides a personal outlook on this synergy. It surveys the computation of heavy-atom KIEs and their measurement by NMR spectroscopy, discusses recent case studies, highlights the intellectual reward that lies in alignment of experiment and theory, and reflects on the changes required in chemical education in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J A Dale
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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40
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Challenges for the theoretical description of the mechanism and kinetics of reactions catalyzed by zeolites. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Avasare VD. Ascendancy of Nitrogen Heterocycles in the Computationally Designed Mn(I)PNN Pincer Catalysts on the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:1851-1868. [PMID: 34714058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable catalysts to get methanol from CO2 under milder conditions and without any additives is still considered an arduous task. In many instances, transition-metal-catalyzed carbon dioxide to formic acid formation is more facile than methanol formation. This article provides comprehensive density functional theoretic investigations of six new Mn(I)PNN complexes, which are designed to perform CO2 to methanol conversion under milder reaction conditions. All these six catalysts have similar structural features except at terminal nitrogen, -N (1), where adenine-inspired nitrogen heterocycles containing pyridine and pyrimidine moieties are attached to instill an electron withdrawing effect on the central metal and thus to facilitate dihydrogen polarization during the catalyst regeneration. All these computationally modeled Mn(I)PNN complexes demonstrate the promising catalytic activity to get methanol through cascade catalytic cycles at 298.15 K. The metal-ligand cooperative (MLC) as well as noncooperative (NC) pathways are investigated for each catalytic cycle. The NC pathway is the preferred pathway for formic acid and formaldehyde formation, whereas methanol formation proceeds through only the MLC pathway. Different nitrogen heterocycles attached to the -N (1) terminal manifested a considerable amount of impact on the Gibbs free energies, overall activation energies, and computed turnover frequencies (TOFs). Among all the catalysts, SPCAT02 provides excellent TOFs for HCO2H (500 151 h-1), HCHO (11 912 h-1), and CH3OH (2 372 400 h-1) formation at 50 °C. SPCAT04 is found to be a better catalyst for the selective formation of formic acid formation at room temperature than the rest of the catalysts. The computed TOF results are found reliable upon comparison with experimentally established catalysts. To establish the structure-activity relationship, the activation strain model and Fukui function calculations are performed on all the catalysts. Both these studies provide complementary results. The present study revealed a very important finding that a more electrophilic metal center could facilitate the CO2 hydrogenation reaction robustly. All computationally designed catalysts could be cheaper and better alternatives to convert CO2 to methanol under mild reaction conditions in an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya D Avasare
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Parashurambhau College, Tilak Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411030, India
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42
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Wu T, Vegge T, Hansen HA. Enhanced activity for electrocatalytic H2 production through cooperative Pr and Bi co-doping of CeO2 in solid oxide electrolysis cells. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Wodrich MD, Corminboeuf C. Methoxycyclization of 1,5‐Enynes by Coinage Metal Catalysts: Is Gold Always Superior? Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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44
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Feng C, Cheng L, Ma H, Ma L, Wu Q, Yang J. Unraveling the Mechanism of Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation by a Cu/pytl-β-Cyclodextrin/TEMPO Catalytic System under Air in Neat Water. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14132-14141. [PMID: 34459198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for the oxidation of p-tolylmethanol to p-tolualdehyde catalyzed by a Cu/pytl-β-cyclodextrin/TEMPO (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy) catalytic system under air in neat water is fully investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Four possible pathways (paths A → D) are presented. The calculated TOF = 0.67 h-1 for path A is consistent with the experimental TOF = 1.9 h-1 but much lower than that for path D (TOF = 1.1 × 105 h-1). The results demonstrate that path A is the dominant pathway under the optimal experimental conditions, even though path D is more kinetically favorable. This is because the concentration of precatalyst 11 [(pytl-β-CD)CuII(OH)] in path D is too low to start path D, so p-tolylmethanol oxidation can only proceed via path A. This finding implies that the relative concentration of precatalysts in a one-pot synthesis experiment plays a vital role in the aerobic alcohol oxidation reaction. Based on this finding, we speculate that the direct use of the presynthesized precatalyst 11 or addition of an appropriate amount of NaOH to the reaction solution, but with the total amount of the base added unchanged, is a good way to improve its catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the solvent water was not found to directly participate in the catalytic active sites for the oxidation of alcohols but rather inhibited it by forming the hydrogen-bonded network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Huiyan Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Qi Wu
- High Performance Computing Center of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jucai Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, China
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45
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Sengupta T, Bista D, Khanna SN. Developing Efficient Suzuki Cross-Coupling Catalysts by Doping Palladium Clusters with Silver. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Turbasu Sengupta
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Dinesh Bista
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
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46
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Xing SY, Liu KK, Wang TF, Han MH. First principles study on the alkylation of benzene with ethene over different zeolites: Insight into the intrinsic mechanism and structure-reactivity relationship. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Tarannam N, Voelkel MHH, Huber SM, Kozuch S. Chalcogen vs Halogen Bonding Catalysis in a Water-Bridge-Cocatalyzed Nitro-Michael Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1661-1668. [PMID: 34181414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a tellurium-based chalcogen-bond-catalyzed nitro-Michael reaction was reported ( Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 16923), taking advantage of the strong Lewis acidity of the catalyst. This species was found to be more effective than an analogous iodine-based halogen bond organocatalyst. Herein, we present a detailed mechanistic and kinetic analysis of these catalytic cycles including the influence of the solvent (and the performance of different intrinsic solvation models). While the chalcogen bonding interaction is fundamental to activate the C-C bond formation, we found that the presence of a two-water molecular bridge is critical to allow the following, otherwise high-energy proton transfer step. Even though the iodine-based halogen bonding interaction is stronger than the tellurium-based chalcogen bonding one, which makes the former a stronger Lewis acid and hence in principle a more efficient catalyst, solvation effects explain the smaller energy span of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziha Tarannam
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Martin H H Voelkel
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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48
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Exner KS. Why approximating electrocatalytic activity by a single free‐energy change is insufficient. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Saadun AJ, Kaiser SK, Ruiz-Ferrando A, Pablo-García S, Büchele S, Fako E, López N, Pérez-Ramírez J. Nuclearity and Host Effects of Carbon-Supported Platinum Catalysts for Dibromomethane Hydrodebromination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005234. [PMID: 33464715 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the active sites and the derivation of structure-performance relationships are central for the development of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts. Here, a platform of platinum nanostructures, ranging from single atoms to nanoparticles of ≈4 nm supported on activated- and N-doped carbon (AC and NC), is employed to systematically assess nuclearity and host effects on the activity, selectivity, and stability in dibromomethane hydrodebromination, a key step in bromine-mediated methane functionalization processes. For this purpose, catalytic evaluation is coupled to in-depth characterization, kinetic analysis, and mechanistic studies based on density functional theory. Remarkably, the single atom catalysts achieve exceptional selectivity toward CH3 Br (up to 98%) when compared to nanoparticles and any previously reported system. Furthermore, the results reveal unparalleled specific activity over 1.3-2.3 nm-sized platinum nanoparticles, which also exhibit the highest stability. Additionally, host effects are found to markedly affect the catalytic performance. Specifically, on NC, the activity and CH3 Br selectivity are enhanced, but significant fouling occurs. On the other hand, AC-supported platinum nanostructures deactivate due to sintering and bromination. Simulations and kinetic fingerprints demonstrate that the observed reactivity patterns are governed by the H2 dissociation abilities of the catalysts and the availability of surface H-atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Saadun
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Selina K Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Ferrando
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Sergio Pablo-García
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Simon Büchele
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Edvin Fako
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Sader S, Miliordos E. Methane to Methanol Conversion Facilitated by Anionic Transition Metal Centers: The Case of Fe, Ni, Pd, and Pt. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2364-2373. [PMID: 33710883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory and high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations are performed to study the mechanism of the partial oxidation of methane to methanol facilitated by the titled anionic transition metal atoms. The energy landscape for the overall reaction M- + N2O + CH4 → M- + N2 + CH3OH (M = Fe, Ni, Pd, Pt) is constructed for different reaction pathways for all four metals. The comparison with earlier experimental and theoretical results for cationic centers demonstrates the better performance of the metal anions. The main advantage is that anionic centers interact weakly with the produced methanol. This fact facilitates the fast removal of methanol from the catalytic center and prevents the overoxidation of methane. Moreover, a moderate or high energy barrier for the M- + CH4 → HMCH3- reaction step is observed, which protects the metal center from deactivation. Future work should focus on the identification of proper ligands, which stabilize the negative charge on the metal (electronic factors) and prevent the formation of the global CH3MOH- minimum (steric factors). Finally, a composite electronic structure method (combining size extensive coupled clusters approaches and accurate multireference configuration interaction) is proposed for computationally demanding systems and is applied to Fe-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Sader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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