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Hadi H, Aouled Dlala N, Cherif I, Gassoumi B, Abdelaziz B, Safari R, Caccamo MT, Magazù S, Patanè S, Ghalla H, Ayachi S. Exploring Nano-optical Molecular Switch Systems for Potential Electronic Devices: Understanding Electric and Electronic Properties through DFT-QTAIM Assembly. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37702-37715. [PMID: 39281953 PMCID: PMC11391465 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of molecular nanoswitches using organic molecules represent a crucial research field within molecular electronics. To understand the switching mechanisms, it is essential to investigate various factors, such as charge/energy transfer, electron transfer, nonlinear optical properties (NLO), current-voltage (I-V) curves, Joule-like (LJL) and Peltier-like (LPL) intramolecular phenomenological coefficients, as well as the energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) boundary orbitals. In this Article, a novel approach to designing a molecular nanoswitch and understanding its ON/OFF mechanism is presented, utilizing the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), density functional theory (DFT), and Landauer theory (LT). These analyses contribute significantly to a deep understanding of switching effects within molecular electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Group, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6815144316, Iran
| | - Najet Aouled Dlala
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Cherif
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Engineering of Materials and CASPE-INSTM, University of Messina, V. le F. Stagno d' Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Bouzid Gassoumi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Interfaces (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Balkis Abdelaziz
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Reza Safari
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Group, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran
| | - Maria Teresa Caccamo
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magazù
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Patanè
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Houcine Ghalla
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sahbi Ayachi
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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Rufeil Fiori E, Maes C. Heat capacity of periodically driven two-level systems. Phys Rev E 2024; 110:024121. [PMID: 39295056 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.024121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
We define the heat capacity for steady periodically driven systems and as an example we compute it for dissipative two-level systems where the energy gap is time-modulated. There, as a function of ambient temperature, the Schottky peak remains the dominant feature. Yet, in contrast with equilibrium, the quasistatic thermal response of a nonequilibrium system also reveals kinetic information present in the transition rates; e.g., the heat capacity depends on the time-symmetric reactivities and changes by the presence of a kinetic barrier. It still vanishes though at absolute zero, in accord with an extended Nernst heat postulate, but at a different rate from the equilibrium case. More generally, we discuss the dependence on driving frequency and amplitude.
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Zou J, Liao J, He Y, Zhang T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Shen M, Yu T, Huang W. Recent Development of Photochromic Polymer Systems: Mechanism, Materials, and Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0392. [PMID: 38894714 PMCID: PMC11184227 DOI: 10.34133/research.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Photochromic polymer is defined as a series of materials based on photochromic units in polymer chains, which produces reversible color changes under irradiation with a particular wavelength. Currently, as the research progresses, it shows increasing potential applications in various fields, such as anti-counterfeiting, information storage, super-resolution imaging, and logic gates. However, there is a paucity of published reviews on the topic of photochromic polymers. Herein, this review discusses and summarizes the research progress and prospects of such materials, mainly summarizing the basic mechanisms, classification, and applications of azobenzene, spiropyran, and diarylethene photochromic polymers. Moreover, 3-dimensional (3D) printable photochromic polymers are worthy to be summarized specifically because of its innovative approach for practical application; meanwhile, the developing 3D printing technology has shown increasing potential opportunities for better applications. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of photochromic polymer materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindou Zou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jimeng Liao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yunfei He
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Mingyao Shen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province,
Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),
Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Cui P, Dai Z, Wu Z, Deng M. Effect of Bridging Manner on the Transport Behaviors of Dimethyldihydropyrene/Cyclophanediene Molecular Devices. Molecules 2024; 29:2726. [PMID: 38930792 PMCID: PMC11205608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A molecule-electrode interface with different coupling strengths is one of the greatest challenges in fabricating reliable molecular switches. In this paper, the effects of bridging manner on the transport behaviors of a dimethyldihydropyrene/cyclophanediene (DHP/CPD) molecule connected to two graphene nanoribbon (GNR) electrodes have been investigated by using the non-equilibrium Green's function combined with density functional theory. The results show that both current values and ON/OFF ratios can be modulated to more than three orders of magnitude by changing bridging manner. Bias-dependent transmission spectra and molecule-projected self-consistent Hamiltonians are used to illustrate the conductance and switching feature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bridging manner modulates the electron transport by changing the energy level alignment between the molecule and the GNR electrodes. This work highlights the ability to achieve distinct conductance and switching performance in single-molecular junctions by varying bridging manners between DHP/CPD molecules and GNR electrodes, thus offering practical insights for designing molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziye Wu
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
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Wu Z, Cui P, Deng M. Rational Design of Photocontrolled Rectifier Switches in Single-Molecule Junctions Based on Diarylethene. Molecules 2023; 28:7158. [PMID: 37894637 PMCID: PMC10609135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of multifunctional, single-molecule nanocircuits to achieve the miniaturization of active electronic devices is a challenging goal in molecular electronics. In this paper, we present an effective strategy for enhancing the multifunctionality and switching performance of diarylethene-based molecular devices, which exhibit photoswitchable rectification properties. Through a molecular engineering design, we systematically investigate a series of electron donor/acceptor-substituted diarylethene molecules to modulate the electronic properties and investigate the transport behaviors of the molecular junctions using the non-equilibrium Green's function combined with the density functional theory. Our results demonstrate that the asymmetric configuration, substituted by both the donor and acceptor on the diarylethene molecule, exhibits the highest switching ratio and rectification ratio. Importantly, this rectification function can be switched on/off through the photoisomerization of the diarylethene unit. These modulations in the transport properties of these molecular junctions with different substituents were obtained with molecule-projected self-consistent Hamiltonian and bias-dependent transmission spectra. Furthermore, the current-voltage characteristics of these molecular junctions can be explained by the molecular energy level structure, showing the significance of energy level regulation. These findings have practical implications for constructing high-performance, multifunctional molecular-integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Wu
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Peng Cui
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Mingsen Deng
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (P.C.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
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Xie X, Li P, Xu Y, Zhou L, Yan Y, Xie L, Jia C, Guo X. Single-Molecule Junction: A Reliable Platform for Monitoring Molecular Physical and Chemical Processes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3476-3505. [PMID: 35179354 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and manipulating the physical and chemical behavior of single molecules is an important development direction of molecular electronics that aids in understanding the molecular world at the single-molecule level. The electrical detection platform based on single-molecule junctions can monitor physical and chemical processes at the single-molecule level with a high temporal resolution, stability, and signal-to-noise ratio. Recently, the combination of single-molecule junctions with different multimodal control systems has been widely used to explore significant physical and chemical phenomena because of its powerful monitoring and control capabilities. In this review, we focus on the applications of single-molecule junctions in monitoring molecular physical and chemical processes. The methods developed for characterizing single-molecule charge transfer and spin characteristics as well as revealing the corresponding intrinsic mechanisms are introduced. Dynamic detection and regulation of single-molecule conformational isomerization, intermolecular interactions, and chemical reactions are also discussed in detail. In addition to these dynamic investigations, this review discusses the open challenges of single-molecule detection in the fields of physics and chemistry and proposes some potential applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yong Yan
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China
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