1
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Masiero C, Aresi C, Forlino A, Tonelli F. Zebrafish Models for Skeletal and Extraskeletal Osteogenesis Imperfecta Features: Unveiling Pathophysiology and Paving the Way for Drug Discovery. Calcif Tissue Int 2024:10.1007/s00223-024-01282-5. [PMID: 39320469 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
In the last decades, the easy genetic manipulation, the external fertilization, the high percentage of homology with human genes and the reduced husbandry costs compared to rodents, made zebrafish a valid model for studying human diseases and for developing new therapeutical strategies. Since zebrafish shares with mammals the same bone cells and ossification types, it became widely used to dissect mechanisms and possible new therapeutic approaches in the field of common and rare bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), respectively. OI is a heritable skeletal disorder caused by defects in gene encoding collagen I or proteins/enzymes necessary for collagen I synthesis and secretion. Nevertheless, OI patients can be also characterized by extraskeletal manifestations such as dentinogenesis imperfecta, muscle weakness, cardiac valve and pulmonary abnormalities and skin laxity. In this review, we provide an overview of the available zebrafish models for both dominant and recessive forms of OI. An updated description of all the main similarities and differences between zebrafish and mammal skeleton, muscle, heart and skin, will be also discussed. Finally, a list of high- and low-throughput techniques available to exploit both larvae and adult OI zebrafish models as unique tools for the discovery of new therapeutic approaches will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Masiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Aresi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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2
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Grall E, Feregrino C, Fischer S, De Courten A, Sacher F, Hiscock TW, Tschopp P. Self-organized BMP signaling dynamics underlie the development and evolution of digit segmentation patterns in birds and mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304470121. [PMID: 38175868 PMCID: PMC10786279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304470121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeating patterns of synovial joints are a highly conserved feature of articulated digits, with variations in joint number and location resulting in diverse digit morphologies and limb functions across the tetrapod clade. During the development of the amniote limb, joints form iteratively within the growing digit ray, as a population of distal progenitors alternately specifies joint and phalanx cell fates to segment the digit into distinct elements. While numerous molecular pathways have been implicated in this fate choice, it remains unclear how they give rise to a repeating pattern. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial gene expression profiling, we investigate the transcriptional dynamics of interphalangeal joint specification in vivo. Combined with mathematical modeling, we predict that interactions within the BMP signaling pathway-between the ligand GDF5, the inhibitor NOGGIN, and the intracellular effector pSMAD-result in a self-organizing Turing system that forms periodic joint patterns. Our model is able to recapitulate the spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics observed in vivo, as well as phenocopy digit malformations caused by BMP pathway perturbations. By contrasting in silico simulations with in vivo morphometrics of two morphologically distinct digits, we show how changes in signaling parameters and growth dynamics can result in variations in the size and number of phalanges. Together, our results reveal a self-organizing mechanism that underpins amniote digit segmentation and its evolvability and, more broadly, illustrate how Turing systems based on a single molecular pathway may generate complex repetitive patterns in a wide variety of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Grall
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Christian Feregrino
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Fischer
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Aline De Courten
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Sacher
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Tom W. Hiscock
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Tschopp
- Zoology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
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3
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Anderson T, Mo J, Gagarin E, Sherwood D, Blumenkrantz M, Mao E, Leon G, Levitz H, Chen HJ, Tseng KC, Fabian P, Crump JG, Smeeton J. Ligament injury in adult zebrafish triggers ECM remodeling and cell dedifferentiation for scar-free regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:51. [PMID: 37726321 PMCID: PMC10509200 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
After traumatic injury, healing of mammalian ligaments is typically associated with fibrotic scarring as opposed to scar-free regeneration. In contrast, here we show that the ligament supporting the jaw joint of adult zebrafish is capable of rapid and complete scar-free healing. Following surgical transection of the jaw joint ligament, we observe breakdown of ligament tissue adjacent to the cut sites, expansion of mesenchymal tissue within the wound site, and then remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) to a normal ligament morphology. Lineage tracing of mature ligamentocytes following transection shows that they dedifferentiate, undergo cell cycle re-entry, and contribute to the regenerated ligament. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the regenerating ligament reveals dynamic expression of ECM genes in neural-crest-derived mesenchymal cells, as well as diverse immune cells expressing the endopeptidase-encoding gene legumain. Analysis of legumain mutant zebrafish shows a requirement for early ECM remodeling and efficient ligament regeneration. Our study establishes a new model of adult scar-free ligament regeneration and highlights roles of immune-mesenchyme cross-talk in ECM remodeling that initiates regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Anderson
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Julia Mo
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ernesto Gagarin
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Desmarie Sherwood
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Blumenkrantz
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eric Mao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Gianna Leon
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Packer Collegiate Institute, New York, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Hailey Levitz
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kuo-Chang Tseng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Peter Fabian
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joanna Smeeton
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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4
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Wu JY, Yeager K, Tavakol DN, Morsink M, Wang B, Soni RK, Hung CT, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Directed differentiation of human iPSCs into mesenchymal lineages by optogenetic control of TGF-β signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112509. [PMID: 37178118 PMCID: PMC10278972 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissue development and homeostasis, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is finely coordinated by latent forms and matrix sequestration. Optogenetics can offer precise and dynamic control of cell signaling. We report the development of an optogenetic human induced pluripotent stem cell system for TGF-β signaling and demonstrate its utility in directing differentiation into the smooth muscle, tenogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Light-activated TGF-β signaling resulted in expression of differentiation markers at levels close to those in soluble factor-treated cultures, with minimal phototoxicity. In a cartilage-bone model, light-patterned TGF-β gradients allowed the establishment of hyaline-like layer of cartilage tissue at the articular surface while attenuating with depth to enable hypertrophic induction at the osteochondral interface. By selectively activating TGF-β signaling in co-cultures of light-responsive and non-responsive cells, undifferentiated and differentiated cells were simultaneously maintained in a single culture with shared medium. This platform can enable patient-specific and spatiotemporally precise studies of cellular decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Y Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Keith Yeager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Margaretha Morsink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bryan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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5
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Anderson T, Mo J, Gagarin E, Sherwood D, Blumenkrantz M, Mao E, Leon G, Chen HJ, Tseng KC, Fabian P, Crump JG, Smeeton J. Ligament injury in adult zebrafish triggers ECM remodeling and cell dedifferentiation for scar-free regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527039. [PMID: 36778403 PMCID: PMC9915717 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After traumatic injury, healing of mammalian ligaments is typically associated with fibrotic scarring as opposed to scar-free regeneration. In contrast, here we show that the ligament supporting the jaw joint of adult zebrafish is capable of rapid and complete scar-free healing. Following surgical transection of the jaw joint ligament, we observe breakdown of ligament tissue adjacent to the cut sites, expansion of mesenchymal tissue within the wound site, and then remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) to a normal ligament morphology. Lineage tracing of mature ligamentocytes following transection shows that they dedifferentiate, undergo cell cycle re-entry, and contribute to the regenerated ligament. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the regenerating ligament reveals dynamic expression of ECM genes in neural-crest-derived mesenchymal cells, as well as diverse immune cells expressing the endopeptidase-encoding gene legumain . Analysis of legumain mutant zebrafish shows a requirement for early ECM remodeling and efficient ligament regeneration. Our study establishes a new model of adult scar-free ligament regeneration and highlights roles of immune-mesenchyme cross-talk in ECM remodeling that initiates regeneration. Highlights Rapid regeneration of the jaw joint ligament in adult zebrafishDedifferentiation of mature ligamentocytes contributes to regenerationscRNAseq reveals dynamic ECM remodeling and immune activation during regenerationRequirement of Legumain for ECM remodeling and ligament healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Anderson
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Mo
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ernesto Gagarin
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Desmarie Sherwood
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maria Blumenkrantz
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric Mao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia College, Columbia University NY 10027, USA
| | - Gianna Leon
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Packer Collegiate Institute, New York, NY 11201, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kuo-Chang Tseng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Peter Fabian
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Joanna Smeeton
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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6
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Miyamoto K, Kawakami K, Tamura K, Abe G. Developmental independence of median fins from the larval fin fold revises their evolutionary origin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7521. [PMID: 35525860 PMCID: PMC9079066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The median fins of modern fish that show discrete forms (dorsal, anal, and caudal fins) are derived from a continuous fold-like structure, both in ontogeny and phylogeny. The median fin fold (MFF) hypothesis assumes that the median fins evolved by reducing some positions in the continuous fin fold of basal chordates, based on the classical morphological observation of developmental reduction in the larval fin folds of living fish. However, the developmental processes of median fins are still unclear at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we describe the transition from the larval fin fold into the median fins in zebrafish at the cellular and molecular developmental level. We demonstrate that reduction does not play a role in the emergence of the dorsal fin primordium. Instead, the reduction occurs along with body growth after primordium formation, rather than through actively scrapping the non-fin forming region by inducing cell death. We also report that the emergence of specific mesenchymal cells and their proliferation promote dorsal fin primordium formation. Based on these results, we propose a revised hypothesis for median fin evolution in which the acquisition of de novo developmental mechanisms is a crucial evolutionary component of the discrete forms of median fins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Functional Morphology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishi-cho 86, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
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7
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Bobzin L, Roberts RR, Chen HJ, Crump JG, Merrill AE. Development and maintenance of tendons and ligaments. Development 2021; 148:239823. [PMID: 33913478 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments are fibrous connective tissues vital to the transmission of force and stabilization of the musculoskeletal system. Arising in precise regions of the embryo, tendons and ligaments share many properties and little is known about the molecular differences that differentiate them. Recent studies have revealed heterogeneity and plasticity within tendon and ligament cells, raising questions regarding the developmental mechanisms regulating tendon and ligament identity. Here, we discuss recent findings that contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that establish and maintain tendon progenitors and their differentiated progeny in the head, trunk and limb. We also review the extent to which these findings are specific to certain anatomical regions and model organisms, and indicate which findings similarly apply to ligaments. Finally, we address current research regarding the cellular lineages that contribute to tendon and ligament repair, and to what extent their regulation is conserved within tendon and ligament development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bobzin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ryan R Roberts
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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8
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Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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9
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The lubricating effect of iPS-reprogrammed fibroblasts on collagen-GAG scaffolds for cartilage repair applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104174. [PMID: 33191173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering products, like collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, have been successfully applied to chondrogenic defects. Inducible Pluripotent Stem cell (iPS) technology allows reprograming of somatic cells into an embryonic-like state, allowing for redifferentiation. We postulated that a fibroblast cell line (BJ cells - 'pre-iPSF') cycled through iPS reprogramming and redifferentiated into fibroblasts (post-iPSF) could lubricate collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds; fibroblasts are known to produce lubricating molecules (e.g., lubricin) in the synovium. Herein, we quantified the coefficient of friction (CoF) of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds seeded with post-iPSF; tested whether cell-free scaffolds made of post-iPSF derived extracellular matrix had reduced friction vs. pre-iPSF; and assessed lubricin quantity as a possible protein responsible for lubrication. Post-iPSF seeded CG had 6- to 10-fold lower CoF versus pre-iPSF. Scaffolds consisting of a collagen and pre-/post-iPSF extracellular matrix blend outperformed these cell-seeded scaffolds (~5-fold lower CoF), yielding excellent CoF values close to synovial fluid. Staining revealed an increased presence of lubricin within post-iPSF scaffolds (confirmed by western blotting) and on the surface of iPSF-seeded collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Interestingly, when primary cells from patient biopsy-derived fibroblasts were used, iPS reprogramming did not further reduce the already low CoF of these cells and no lubricin expression was found. We conclude that iPS reprogramming activates lubricating properties in iPS-derived cells in a source cell-specific manner. Additionally, lubricin appears to play a lubricating role, yet other proteins also contribute to lubrication. This work constitutes an important step for understanding post-iPSF lubrication of scaffolds and its potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
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10
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Miyashita T, Baddam P, Smeeton J, Oel AP, Natarajan N, Gordon B, Palmer AR, Crump JG, Graf D, Allison WT. nkx3.2 mutant zebrafish accommodate jaw joint loss through a phenocopy of the head shapes of Paleozoic jawless fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb216945. [PMID: 32527964 PMCID: PMC10668335 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.216945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate jaw is a versatile feeding apparatus. To function, it requires a joint between the upper and lower jaws, so jaw joint defects are often highly disruptive and difficult to study. To describe the consequences of jaw joint dysfunction, we engineered two independent null alleles of a single jaw joint marker gene, nkx3.2, in zebrafish. These mutations caused zebrafish to become functionally jawless via fusion of the upper and lower jaw cartilages (ankylosis). Despite lacking jaw joints, nkx3.2 mutants survived to adulthood and accommodated this defect by: (a) having a remodeled skull with a fixed open gape, reduced snout and enlarged branchial region; and (b) performing ram feeding in the absence of jaw-generated suction. The late onset and broad extent of phenotypic changes in the mutants suggest that modifications to the skull are induced by functional agnathia, secondarily to nkx3.2 loss of function. Interestingly, nkx3.2 mutants superficially resemble ancient jawless vertebrates (anaspids and furcacaudiid thelodonts) in overall head shape. Because no homology exists in individual skull elements between these taxa, the adult nkx3.2 phenotype is not a reversal but rather a convergence due to similar functional requirements of feeding without moveable jaws. This remarkable analogy strongly suggests that jaw movements themselves dramatically influence the development of jawed vertebrate skulls. Thus, these mutants provide a unique model with which to: (a) investigate adaptive responses to perturbation in skeletal development; (b) re-evaluate evolutionarily inspired interpretations of phenocopies generated by gene knockdowns and knockouts; and (c) gain insight into feeding mechanics of the extinct agnathans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuto Miyashita
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Pranidhi Baddam
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Joanna Smeeton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - A Phil Oel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natasha Natarajan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brogan Gordon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - A Richard Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Daniel Graf
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R7
| | - W Ted Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R7
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Yoshida K, Kawakami K, Abe G, Tamura K. Zebrafish can regenerate endoskeleton in larval pectoral fin but the regenerative ability declines. Dev Biol 2020; 463:110-123. [PMID: 32422142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We show for the first time endoskeletal regeneration in the developing pectoral fin of zebrafish. The developing pectoral fin contains an aggregation plate of differentiated chondrocytes (endochondral disc; primordium for endoskeletal components, proximal radials). The endochondral disc can be regenerated after amputation in the middle of the disc. The regenerated disc sufficiently forms endoskeletal patterns. Early in the process of regenerating the endochondral disc, epithelium with apical ectodermal ridge (AER) marker expression rapidly covers the amputation plane, and mesenchymal cells start to actively proliferate. Taken together with re-expression of a blastema marker gene, msxb, and other developmental genes, it is likely that regeneration of the endochondral disc recaptures fin development as epimorphic limb regeneration does. The ability of endoskeletal regeneration declines during larval growth, and adult zebrafish eventually lose the ability to regenerate endoskeletal components such that amputated endoskeletons become enlarged. Endoskeletal regeneration in the zebrafish pectoral fin will serve as a new model system for successful appendage regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Yoshida
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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12
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Differential Gene Expression in Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone of Neonatal and Adult Horses. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100745. [PMID: 31557843 PMCID: PMC6826356 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. Derangement of this process likely underlies developmental skeletal pathologies. Examination of tissue-specific gene expression may help elucidate novel skeletal developmental pathways that could contribute to disease risk. Our aim was to identify and functionally annotate differentially expressed genes in equine neonatal and adult articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB). RNA was sequenced from healthy AC and SCB from the fetlock, hock, and stifle joints of 6 foals (≤4 weeks of age) and six adults (8–12 years of age). There was distinct clustering by age and tissue type. After differential expression analysis, functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using PANTHER and Reactome. Approximately 1115 and 3574 genes were differentially expressed between age groups in AC and SCB, respectively, falling within dozens of overrepresented gene ontology terms and enriched pathways reflecting a state of growth, high metabolic activity, and tissue turnover in the foals. Enriched pathways were dominated by those related to extracellular matrix organization and turnover, and cell cycle and signal transduction. Additionally, we identified enriched pathways related to neural development and neurotransmission in AC and innate immunity in SCB. These represent novel potential mechanisms for disease that can be explored in future work.
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13
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Pamphlett R, Kum Jew S. Mercury Is Taken Up Selectively by Cells Involved in Joint, Bone, and Connective Tissue Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:168. [PMID: 31380381 PMCID: PMC6659129 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The causes of most arthropathies, osteoarthritis, and connective tissue disorders remain unknown, but exposure to toxic metals could play a part in their pathogenesis. Human exposure to mercury is common, so to determine whether mercury could be affecting joints, bones, and connective tissues we used a histochemical method to determine the cellular uptake of mercury in mice. Whole neonatal mice were examined since this allowed histological assessment of mercury in joint, bone, and connective tissue cells. Materials and Methods: Pregnant mice were exposed to a non-toxic dose of 0.5 mg/m3 of mercury vapor for 4 h a day on gestational days 14-18. Neonates were sacrificed at postnatal day 1, fixed in formalin, and transverse blocks of the body were processed for paraffin embedding. Seven micrometer sections were stained for inorganic mercury using silver nitrate autometallography, either alone or combined with CD44 immunostaining to detect progenitor cells. Control neonates were not exposed to mercury during gestation. Results: Uptake of mercury was marked in synovial cells, articular chondrocytes, and periosteal and tracheal cartilage cells. Mercury was seen in fibroblasts in the dermis, aorta, esophagus and striated muscle, some of which were CD44-positive progenitor cells, and in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. Mercury was also present in renal tubules and liver periportal cells. Conclusions: Mercury is taken up selectively by cells that are predominantly affected in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In addition, fibroblasts in several organs often involved in multisystem connective tissue disorders take up mercury. Mercury provokes the autoimmune, inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic changes that have been described in a range of arthropathies and bone and connective tissue disorders. These findings support the hypothesis that mercury exposure could trigger some of these disorders, particularly in people with a genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Kum Jew
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Askary A, Xu P, Barske L, Bay M, Bump P, Balczerski B, Bonaguidi MA, Crump JG. Genome-wide analysis of facial skeletal regionalization in zebrafish. Development 2017; 144:2994-3005. [PMID: 28705894 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patterning of the facial skeleton involves the precise deployment of thousands of genes in distinct regions of the pharyngeal arches. Despite the significance for craniofacial development, how genetic programs drive this regionalization remains incompletely understood. Here we use combinatorial labeling of zebrafish cranial neural crest-derived cells (CNCCs) to define global gene expression along the dorsoventral axis of the developing arches. Intersection of region-specific transcriptomes with expression changes in response to signaling perturbations demonstrates complex roles for Endothelin 1 (Edn1) signaling in the intermediate joint-forming region, yet a surprisingly minor role in ventralmost regions. Analysis of co-variance across multiple sequencing experiments further reveals clusters of co-regulated genes, with in situ hybridization confirming the domain-specific expression of novel genes. We then created loss-of-function alleles for 12 genes and uncovered antagonistic functions of two new Edn1 targets, follistatin a (fsta) and emx2, in regulating cartilaginous joints in the hyoid arch. Our unbiased discovery and functional analysis of genes with regional expression in zebrafish arch CNCCs reveals complex regulation by Edn1 and points to novel candidates for craniofacial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Askary
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lindsey Barske
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maxwell Bay
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Paul Bump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Bartosz Balczerski
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Michael A Bonaguidi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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