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Sodzidzi Z, Phiri Z, Nure JF, Msagati TAM, de Kock LA. Adsorption of Toxic Metals Using Hydrous Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Hybrid Ion-Exchange Resins. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1168. [PMID: 38473639 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a major environmental problem caused by the release of acidic, toxic, and sulfate-rich water from mining sites. This study aimed to develop novel adsorbents for the removal of chromium (Cr(VI)), cadmium (Cd(II)), and lead (Pb(II)) from simulated and actual AMD using hybrid ion-exchange resins embedded with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). Two types of resins were synthesized: anionic exchange resin (HAIX-HFO) for Cr(VI) removal and cationic exchange resin (HCIX-HFO) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal. The resins were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of HFO particles. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under acidic and sulfate-enhanced conditions to evaluate the adsorption capacity and kinetics of the resins. It was found that both resins exhibited high adsorption efficiencies and fast adsorption rates for their respective metal ions. To explore the potential adsorption on actual AMD, HCIX-HFO demonstrated significant removal of some metal ions. The saturated HCIX-HFO resin was regenerated using NaCl, and a high amount of the adsorbed Cd(II) and Pb(II) was recovered. This study demonstrates that HFO-embedded hybrid ion-exchange resins are promising adsorbents for treating AMD contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizikazi Sodzidzi
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Zebron Phiri
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Jemal Fito Nure
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Lueta-Ann de Kock
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
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He Y, Gong A, Osabutey A, Gao T, Haleem N, Yang X, Liang P. Emerging electro-driven technologies for phosphorus enrichment and recovery from wastewater: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120699. [PMID: 37820510 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of phosphorus from wastewater is a critical step in addressing the scarcity of phosphorus resources. Electro-driven technologies for phosphorus enrichment have gathered significant attention due to their inherent advantages, such as mild operating conditions, absence of secondary pollution, and potential integration with other technologies. This study presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of phosphorus enrichment, with a specific focus on capacitive deionization and electrodialysis technologies. It highlights the underlying principles and effectiveness of electro-driven techniques for phosphorus enrichment while systematically comparing energy consumption, enrichment rate, and concentration factor among different technologies. Furthermore, the study provides a thorough analysis of the capacity of various technologies to selectively enrich phosphorus and proposes several methods and strategies to enhance selectivity. These insights offer valuable guidance for advancing the future development of electrochemical techniques with enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in phosphorus enrichment from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Ao Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Augustina Osabutey
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Tie Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Noor Haleem
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Xufei Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Hutchison JM, Hussein FB, Mayer BK. Evaluating Sustainable Development Pathways for Protein- and Peptide-Based Bioadsorbents for Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16317-16326. [PMID: 37856833 PMCID: PMC10620995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Recovering phosphate (P) from point sources such as wastewater effluent is a priority in order to alleviate the impacts of eutrophication and implement a circular economy for an increasingly limited resource. Bioadsorbents featuring P-binding proteins and peptides offer exquisite P specificity and sensitivity for achieving ultralow P concentrations, i.e., <100 μg P L-1, a discharge limit that has been implemented in at least one treatment facility in nine U.S. states. To prioritize research objectives for P recovery in wastewater treatment, we compared the financial and environmental sustainability of protein/peptide bioadsorbents to those of LayneRT anion exchange resin. The baseline scenario (reflecting lab-demonstrated performance at a full-scale implementation) had costs that were 3 orders of magnitude higher than those for typical wastewater treatment. However, scenarios exploring bioadsorbent improvements, including increasing the P-binding capacity per unit volume by using smaller P-selective peptides and nanoparticle base materials and implementing reuse, dramatically decreased median impacts to $1.06 m-3 and 0.001 kg CO2 equiv m-3; these values are in line with current wastewater treatment impacts and lower than the median LayneRT impacts of $4.04 m-3 and 0.19 kg CO2 equiv m-3. While the financial viability of capturing low P concentrations is a challenge, incorporating the externalities of environmental impacts may provide a feasible path forward to motivate ultralow P capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Hutchison
- Department
of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Faten B. Hussein
- Department
of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Brooke K. Mayer
- Department
of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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Egg White-Mediated Fabrication of Mg/Al-LDH-Hard Biochar Composite for Phosphate Adsorption. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248951. [PMID: 36558084 PMCID: PMC9781947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the main causes of water eutrophication. Hard biochar is considered a promising phosphate adsorbent, but its application is limited by its textural properties and low adsorption capacity. Here, an adhesion approach in a mixed suspension containing egg white is proposed for preparing the hybrid material of Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) and almond shell biochar (ASB), named L-AE or L-A (with or without egg white). Several techniques, including XRD, SEM/EDS, FTIR and N2 adsorption/desorption, were used to characterize the structure and adsorption behavior of the modified adsorbents. The filament-like material contained nitrogen elements at a noticed level, indicating that egg white was the crosslinker that mediated the formation of the L-AE hybrid material. The L-AE had a higher phosphate adsorption rate with a higher equilibrium adsorption capacity than the L-A. The saturation phosphate adsorption capacity of L-AE was nearly three times higher than that of L-A. Furthermore, the number of surface groups and the density of the positively charged surface sites follow the ASB < L-A < L-AE order, which is consistent with their phosphate adsorption performance. The study may offer an efficient approach to improving hard biochar’s adsorption performance in wastewater treatment.
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Wang Z, He Z. Electrochemical phosphorus leaching from digested anaerobic sludge and subsequent nutrient recovery. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118996. [PMID: 36037712 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rising concern over the depletion of phosphorus rock, phosphorus recovery from wastewater has become a key step for sustainable economy. Herein, simultaneous phosphorus leaching and nutrient recovery were accomplished in an electrochemical nutrient recovery cell (ENRC) treating digested anaerobic sludge. The anode reaction of water electrolysis lowered the sludge pH from 8.0 to 2.0 at a current density of 25 A m-2, elevating the PO43--P concentration from 27.72 to 253.47 mg L-1, comparable to that from direct acid leaching. The released PO43--P was transferred to the cathode chamber for recovery, where PO43--P recovery efficiency was enhanced from 42.0% to 90.3% by 0.26 M HCl catholyte acidification. The ENRC recovered 90-98% of the coexisting NH4+-N in the sludge. Increasing current density accelerated both phosphorus leaching and PO43--P & NH4+-N recovery, but at the expense of a higher energy consumption. After five consecutive cycles of operation, the PO43--P and NH4+-N concentrations reached 404.56 and 3493.56 mg L-1, respectively, at a normalized energy consumption of 229.20 ± 30.13 kWh kg-1 P or 25.67 ± 3.07 kWh kg -1 N. At pH 8.5, 99% of the recovered aqueous PO43--P in the recovery solution precipitated, mainly as calcium phosphate that can have a good soil phosphorus availability. The results of this study have provided a foundation for further exploration of electrochemically leaching P from waste sludge with simultaneous nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Bio-Inspired phosphate adsorption by Copper-Decorated weak base anion exchanger. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Zahed MA, Salehi S, Tabari Y, Farraji H, Ataei-Kachooei S, Zinatizadeh AA, Kamali N, Mahjouri M. Phosphorus removal and recovery: state of the science and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58561-58589. [PMID: 35780273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the main nutrients required for all life. Phosphorus as phosphate form plays an important role in different cellular processes. Entrance of phosphorus in the environment leads to serious ecological problems including water quality problems and soil pollution. Furthermore, it may cause eutrophication as well as harmful algae blooms (HABs) in aquatic environments. Several physical, chemical, and biological methods have been presented for phosphorus removal and recovery. In this review, there is an overview of phosphorus role in nature provided, available removal processes are discussed, and each of them is explained in detail. Chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, and adsorption can be listed as the most used methods. Identifying advantages of these technologies will allow the performance of phosphorus removal systems to be updated, optimized, evaluate the treatment cost and benefits, and support select directions for further action. Two main applications of biochar and nanoscale materials are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira Salehi
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, Petropars Company, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasaman Tabari
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Science and Culture University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farraji
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, Environmental Research Center (ERC), Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Nima Kamali
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahjouri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Kish International Campus, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang C, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. A review on the integration of mainstream P-recovery strategies with enhanced biological phosphorus removal. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118102. [PMID: 35091221 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for all organisms, urgently needs to be recovered due to the increasing demand and scarcity of this natural resource. Recovering P from wastewater is a feasible and promising way widely studied nowadays due to the need to remove P in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). When enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) is implemented, an innovative option is to recover P from the supernatant streams obtained in the mainstream water line, and then combine it with liquor-crystallisation recovery processes, being the final recovered product struvite, vivianite or hydroxyapatite. The basic idea of these mainstream P-recovery strategies is to take advantage of the ability of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) to increase P concentration under anaerobic conditions when some carbon source is available. This work shows the mainstream P-recovery technologies reported so far, both in continuous and sequenced batch reactors (SBR) based configurations. The amount of extraction, as a key parameter to balance the recovery efficiency and the maintenance of the EBPR of the system, should be the first design criterion. The maximum value of P-recovery efficiency for long-term operation with an adequate extraction ratio would be around 60%. Other relevant factors (e.g. COD/P ratio of the influent, need for an additional carbon source) and operational parameters (e.g. aeration, SRT, HRT) are also reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
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