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Kumar M, Kumar R, Kumar S. Nanomaterial reinforced composite for biomedical implants applications: a mini-review. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.21.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is heavy demand for suitable implant materials with improved mechanical and biological properties. Classically, the demand was catered by conventional materials like metals, alloys, and polymer-based materials. Recently, nanomaterial reinforced composites have played a significant role in replacing conventional materials due to their excellent properties such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, high strength to weight ratio, long life, corrosion & wear resistance, and tailor-ability. Herein, we composed a systematic focus review on the role of nanoparticles in the form of composite materials for the advancements in orthopedic implants. Several nano materials-based reinforcements have been reviewed with various matrix materials, including metals, alloys, ceramics, composites, and polymers for biomedical implant applications. Moreover, the improved biological properties, mechanical properties, and other functionalities like infection resistance, drug delivery at the target, sensing, and detection of bone diseases, and corrosion & wear resistance are elaborated. At last, a particular focus has been given to the un-resolved challenges in orthopedic implant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hissar, India
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2
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The Ion Delivery Manner Influences the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Oligodynamic Iontophoresis. J Med Biol Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-018-0447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Fernandes CJC, Bezerra F, do Carmo MDD, Feltran GS, Rossi MC, da Silva RA, Padilha PDM, Zambuzzi WF. CoCr-enriched medium modulates integrin-based downstream signaling and requires a set of inflammatory genes reprograming in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:839-849. [PMID: 28941043 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant health concerns have been raised by the high levels of Cr and Co ions into whole blood as resulted of corrosion process released from biomedical implants, but very little is known about their biological behavior in governing cell metabolism. Thus, we prompted to address this issue by exploring the effects of CoCr enriched medium on both fibroblast and preosteoblast (pre-Ob) cells. First, we showed there is a significant difference in Co and Cr releasing dependent on engineered surface, it being even more released in dual acid-etching treating surface (named w/DAE) than the machined surfaces (named wo/DAE). Thereafter, we showed CoCr affects pre-osteoblast and fibroblast metabolism by dynamically modulating integrin-based downstream signaling (FAK, Src, Rac1, and Cofilin). Specifically on this matter, we have shown there is dynamic β1-integrin gene activation up 24 h in both preosteoblast and fibroblast. Our analysis showed also that both pre-Ob and fibroblast are important resource of proinflammatory cytokines when responding to CoCr enriched medium. In addition, survival-related signaling pathway was also affected interfering on survival and proliferating signal, mainly affecting CDK2, mapk-Erk and mapk-p38 phosphorylations, while AKT/PKB-related gene remained active. In addition, during cell adhesion PP2A (an important Ser/Thr phosphatase) was inactive in both cell lineages and it seems be a CoCr's molecular fingerprint, regulating specific metabolic pathways involved with cytoskeleton rearrangement. Altogether, our results showed for the first time CoCr affects cellular performance in vitro by modulating integrin activation-based downstream signaling and requiring a reprograming of inflammatory genes activations in vitro. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 839-849, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célio J C Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Bezerra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara das D do Carmo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgia S Feltran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro de M Padilha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized science and consumer products for several decades. Most recently, its applications to the fields of medicine and biology have improved drug delivery, medical diagnostics, and manufacturing. Recent research of this modern technology has demonstrated its potential with novel forms of disease detection and intervention, particularly within orthopedics. Nanomedicine has transformed orthopedics through recent advances in bone tissue engineering, implantable materials, diagnosis and therapeutics, and surface adhesives. The potential for nanotechnology within the field of orthopedics is vast and much of it appears to be untapped, though not without accompanying obstacles.
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Choi K, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Protein corona modulation of hepatocyte uptake and molecular mechanisms of gold nanoparticle toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2016; 11:64-75. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1264638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungju Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jim E. Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Manhattan, KS, USA
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Zielinska E, Tukaj C, Radomski MW, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Molecular Mechanism of Silver Nanoparticles-Induced Human Osteoblast Cell Death: Protective Effect of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164137. [PMID: 27716791 PMCID: PMC5055295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show strong antibacterial properties, making them excellent candidates to be used in orthopaedic repair and regeneration. However, there are concerns regarding the cytotoxicity of AgNPs and molecular mechanisms underlying AgNPs-induced bone cells toxicity have not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore mechanisms of AgNPs-induced osteoblast cell death with particular emphasis on the role of nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). METHODS AND RESULT Silver nanoparticles used in this study were 18.3±2.6 nm in size, uncoated, spherical, regular shape and their zeta potential was -29.1±2.4 mV as measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zetasizer. The release of silver (Ag) from AgNPs was measured in cell culture medium by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The exposure of human osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19) to AgNPs at concentration of 30 or 60 μg/mL for 24 or 48 hours, respectively resulted in cellular uptake of AgNPs and changes in cell ultrastructure. These changes were associated with apoptosis and necrosis as shown by flow cytometry and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay as well as increased levels of pro-apoptotic Bax and decreased levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA and protein. Importantly, we have found that AgNPs elevated the levels of nitric oxide (NO) with concomitant upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein. A significant positive correlation was observed between the concentration of AgNPs and iNOS at protein and mRNA level (r = 0.837, r = 0.721, respectively; p<0.001). Finally, preincubation of osteoblast cells with N-iminoethyl-l-lysine (L-NIL), a selective iNOS inhibitor, as well as treating cells with iNOS small interfering RNAs (siRNA) significantly attenuated AgNPs-induced apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, we have found that AgNPs-induced cells death is not related to Ag dissolution is cell culture medium. CONCLUSION These results unambiguously demonstrate that increased expression of iNOS and generation of NO as well as NO-derived reactive species is involved in AgNPs-induced osteoblast cell death. Our findings may help in development of new strategies to protect bone from AgNPs-induced cytotoxicity and increase the safety of orthopaedic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Zielinska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cecylia Tukaj
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Witold Radomski
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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Effects of Electrically Activated Silver–Titanium Implant System Design Parameters on Time-Kill Curves Against Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Biol Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Enhancement of production and activity of alkaline zinc metalloprotease from Salinivibrio proteolyticus using low intensity direct electric current and zinc nanoparticles. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1565-70. [PMID: 27259725 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mazaheri M, Eslahi N, Ordikhani F, Tamjid E, Simchi A. Nanomedicine applications in orthopedic medicine: state of the art. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6039-53. [PMID: 26451110 PMCID: PMC4592034 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The technological and clinical need for orthopedic replacement materials has led to significant advances in the field of nanomedicine, which embraces the breadth of nanotechnology from pharmacological agents and surface modification through to regulation and toxicology. A variety of nanostructures with unique chemical, physical, and biological properties have been engineered to improve the functionality and reliability of implantable medical devices. However, mimicking living bone tissue is still a challenge. The scope of this review is to highlight the most recent accomplishments and trends in designing nanomaterials and their applications in orthopedics with an outline on future directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Mazaheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Eslahi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Tamjid
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Tan Z, Orndorff PE, Shirwaiker RA. Modified Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic model for electrically activated silver-titanium implant system. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMECHANICS IN BIOENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.12989/bme.2015.2.3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cavanaugh DL, Tan ZG, Norris JP, Hardee A, Weinhold PS, Dahners LE, Orndorff PE, Shirwaiker RA. Evaluation of silver-titanium implants activated by low intensity direct current for orthopedic infection control: Anin vitroandin vivostudy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Cavanaugh
- Department of Orthopaedics; University of North Carolina; Chapel-Hill North Carolina
| | - Zhuo George Tan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - James P. Norris
- Department of Orthopaedics; University of North Carolina; Chapel-Hill North Carolina
| | - Amelia Hardee
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Paul S. Weinhold
- Department of Orthopaedics; University of North Carolina; Chapel-Hill North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Laurence E. Dahners
- Department of Orthopaedics; University of North Carolina; Chapel-Hill North Carolina
| | - Paul E. Orndorff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Rohan A. Shirwaiker
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
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Tan Z, Ganapathy A, Orndorff PE, Shirwaiker RA. Effects of cathode design parameters on in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of electrically-activated silver-based iontophoretic system. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5382. [PMID: 25589207 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-operative infection is a major risk associated with implantable devices. Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ionic silver as an alternative to antibiotic-based infection prophylaxis and treatment. The focus of this study is on an electrically activated implant system engineered for active release of antimicrobial silver ions. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the cathode design, especially the cathode material, on the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of the system. A modified Kirby-Bauer diffusion technique was used for the antimicrobial efficacy evaluations (24 h testing interval). In phase-1 of the study, a three-way ANOVA (n = 6, α = 0.05) was performed to determine the effects of cathode material (silver, titanium, and stainless steel), cathode surface area and electrode separation distance on the efficacy of the system against Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that within the design space tested, none of these parameters had a statistically significant effect on the antimicrobiality of the system (P > 0.15). Subsequently, one-way ANOVA (n = 6, α = 0.05) was conducted in phase-2 to validate the inference regarding the non-significance of the cathode material to the system efficacy using a broader spectrum of pathogens (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and Aspergillus flavus) responsible for osteomyelitis. The results confirmed the lack of statistical difference between efficacies of the three cathode material configurations against all pathogens tested (P > 0.58). Overall, the results demonstrate the ability to alter the cathode material and related design parameters in order to minimize the silver usage in the system without adversely affecting its antimicrobial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tan
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Antibacterial surface treatment for orthopaedic implants. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13849-80. [PMID: 25116685 PMCID: PMC4159828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is expected that the projected increased usage of implantable devices in medicine will result in a natural rise in the number of infections related to these cases. Some patients are unable to autonomously prevent formation of biofilm on implant surfaces. Suppression of the local peri-implant immune response is an important contributory factor. Substantial avascular scar tissue encountered during revision joint replacement surgery places these cases at an especially high risk of periprosthetic joint infection. A critical pathogenic event in the process of biofilm formation is bacterial adhesion. Prevention of biomaterial-associated infections should be concurrently focused on at least two targets: inhibition of biofilm formation and minimizing local immune response suppression. Current knowledge of antimicrobial surface treatments suitable for prevention of prosthetic joint infection is reviewed. Several surface treatment modalities have been proposed. Minimizing bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation inhibition, and bactericidal approaches are discussed. The ultimate anti-infective surface should be “smart” and responsive to even the lowest bacterial load. While research in this field is promising, there appears to be a great discrepancy between proposed and clinically implemented strategies, and there is urgent need for translational science focusing on this topic.
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