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Poellmann MJ, Bu J, Liu S, Wang AZ, Seyedin SN, Chandrasekharan C, Hong H, Kim Y, Caster JM, Hong S. Nanotechnology and machine learning enable circulating tumor cells as a reliable biomarker for radiotherapy responses of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 226:115117. [PMID: 36753988 PMCID: PMC10034717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based liquid biopsy was used to monitor gastrointestinal cancer patients during treatment to determine if CTC abundance was predictive of disease recurrence. The approach used a combination of biomimetic cell rolling on recombinant E-selectin and dendrimer-mediated multivalent immunocapture at the nanoscale to purify CTCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Due to the exceptionally high numbers of CTCs captured, a machine learning algorithm approach was developed to efficiently and reliably quantify abundance of immunocytochemically-labeled cells. A convolutional neural network and logistic regression model achieved 82.9% true-positive identification of CTCs with a false positive rate below 0.1% on a validation set. The approach was then used to quantify CTC abundance in peripheral blood samples from 27 subjects before, during, and following treatments. Samples drawn from the patients either prior to receiving radiotherapy or early in chemotherapy had a median 50 CTC ml-1 whole blood (range 0.6-541.6). We found that the CTC counts drawn 3 months post treatment were predictive of disease progression (p = .045). This approach to quantifying CTC abundance may be a clinically impactful in the timely determination of gastrointestinal cancer progression or response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Poellmann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea
| | - Jiyoon Bu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea; Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Stanley Liu
- Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Steven N Seyedin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Heejoo Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Joseph M Caster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea; Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Ghorbanizamani F, Moulahoum H, Guler Celik E, Zihnioglu F, Beduk T, Goksel T, Turhan K, Timur S. Design of Polymeric Surfaces as Platforms for Streamlined Cancer Diagnostics in Liquid Biopsies. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:400. [PMID: 36979612 PMCID: PMC10046689 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive approaches for cancer diagnosis are an integral step in the quest to improve cancer survival. Liquid biopsies such as blood samples are matrices explored to extract valuable information about the tumor and its state through various indicators, such as proteins, peptides, tumor DNA, or circulating tumor cells. Although these markers are scarce, making their isolation and detection in complex matrices challenging, the development in polymer chemistry producing interesting structures, including molecularly imprinted polymers, branched polymers, nanopolymer composites, and hybrids, allowed the development of enhanced platforms with impressive performance for liquid biopsies analysis. This review describes the latest advances and developments in polymer synthesis and their application for minimally invasive cancer diagnosis. The polymer structures improve the operational performances of biosensors through various processes, such as increased affinity for enhanced sensitivity, improved binding, and avoidance of non-specific interactions for enhanced specificity. Furthermore, polymer-based materials can be a tremendous help in signal amplification of usually low-concentrated targets in the sample. The pros and cons of these materials, how the synthesis process affects their performance, and the device applications for liquid biopsies diagnosis will be critically reviewed to show the essentiality of this technology in oncology and clinical biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH: Sensor Systems, Europastrasse 12, 9524 Villach, Austria
| | - Tuncay Goksel
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- EGESAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Kutsal Turhan
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
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Poellmann MJ, Javius-Jones K, Hopkins C, Lee JW, Hong S. Dendritic-Linear Copolymer and Dendron Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug and Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2008-2017. [PMID: 35512322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymers constitute a diverse class of macromolecules that have demonstrated their unique advantages to be utilized for drug or gene delivery applications. In particular, polymers with a highly ordered, hyperbranched structure─"dendrons"─offer significant benefits to the design of such nanomedicines. The incorporation of dendrons into block copolymer micelles can endow various unique properties that are not typically observed from linear polymer counterparts. Specifically, the dendritic structure induces the conical shape of unimers that form micelles, thereby improving the thermodynamic stability and achieving a low critical micelle concentration (CMC). Furthermore, through a high density of highly ordered functional groups, dendrons can enhance gene complexation, drug loading, and stimuli-responsive behavior. In addition, outward-branching dendrons can support a high density of nonfouling polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), for serum stability and variable densities of multifunctional groups for multivalent cellular targeting and interactions. In this paper, we review the design considerations for dendron-lipid nanoparticles and dendron micelles formed from amphiphilic block copolymers intended for gene transfection and cancer drug delivery applications. These technologies are early in preclinical development and, as with other nanomedicines, face many obstacles on the way to clinical adoption. Nevertheless, the utility of dendron micelles for drug delivery remains relatively underexplored, and we believe there are significant and dramatic advancements to be made in tumor targeting with these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Poellmann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Kaila Javius-Jones
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Caroline Hopkins
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jin Woong Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Yonsei Frontier Lab and Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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