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Williams T, Wiener J, Lennox C, Kokai M. Lessons Learned: Achieving Consensus About Learning Disability Assessment and Diagnosis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08295735221089457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current paper describes the process used for developing the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Assessment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Learning Disabilities-Consensus Statement and Supporting Documents, and the rationale for some of the decisions. The guidelines were developed by a cross-sectoral working group of psychologists who achieved a consensus on the criteria for diagnosis and the assessment process. We outline key features of the guidelines, describe topics where the group achieved consensus quickly and topics for which there was considerable debate (e.g., intelligence testing, ability/achievement discrepancy, and processing deficits). The group members shared information with each other about topics such as the advantages of early assessment, the importance of formally assessing effort and motivation, and assessment of culturally and linguistically diverse individuals. We conclude with the lessons learned and professional challenges regarding contextual influences on LD assessment and diagnosis and dissemination of research to practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Williams
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abbott DJ, Lack CW. Conventional versus Mindfulness-based Interventions for Anxiety and Worry: A Review and Recommendations. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2666082216666200220121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent and most functionally impairing psychiatric
problems experienced by the population. Both pharmacological and psychological evidencebased
treatments exist for a number of specific disorders, but may fail to fully relieve symptoms,
pointing to the need for additional treatment options. Often considered to be part of the “third wave”
of cognitive-behavioral therapies, treatments incorporating mindfulness have emerged in the past
two decades as increasingly popular with clinicians and frequently sought out by consumers. The
present article reviews the extant literature regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of mindfulnessbased
treatments for anxiety, worry, and related problems. Although they have not attained the solid
empirical status of CBT or certain pharmacological treatments, the extant research shows mindfulness-
based interventions appear to be a promising and useful treatment for people suffering from
anxiety and worry. Further work should be done, levels 3-5 of the NIH stage model to determine
whether or not they should be further implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deah Jo Abbott
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States
| | - Caleb Wayne Lack
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, United States
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Barzilay S, Yaseen ZS, Hawes M, Kopeykina I, Ardalan F, Rosenfield P, Murrough J, Galynker I. Determinants and Predictive Value of Clinician Assessment of Short-Term Suicide Risk. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:614-626. [PMID: 29665120 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We examine the interrelations among clinicians' judgment of patients' suicide risk, clinicians' emotional responses, and standard risk factors in the short-term prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Psychiatric outpatients (n = 153) with a lifetime history of suicide ideation/attempt and their treating clinicians (n = 67) were evaluated at intake. Clinicians completed a standard suicide risk instrument (modified SAD PERSONS scale), a 10-point Likert scale assessment of judgment of patient suicide risk (Clinician Prediction Scale), and a measure of their emotional responses to the patient (Therapist Response Questionnaire-Suicide Form). The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation were administered at a one-month follow-up assessment (n = 114, 74.5%). Clinician judgment of risk significantly predicted suicidal thoughts and behaviors at follow-up. Both the standard suicide risk instrument and clinician emotional responses contributed independently to the clinician assessment of risk, which, in turn, mediated their relationships with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Our findings validate the importance of clinical judgment in assessing suicide risk. Clinical judgment appears to be informed both by concrete risk factors and clinicians' emotional responses to suicidal patients, highlighting emotional awareness as a promising area for research and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Barzilay
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zimri S Yaseen
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - James Murrough
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Galynker
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Abbott D, Shirali Y, Haws JK, Lack CW. Biobehavioral assessment of the anxiety disorders: Current progress and future directions. World J Psychiatry 2017; 7:133-147. [PMID: 29043151 PMCID: PMC5632598 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v7.i3.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to accurately assess and differentially diagnose the anxiety disorders. The current system of assessment relies heavily on the subjective measures of client self-report, clinical observation, and clinical judgment. Fortunately, recent technological advances may enable practitioners to utilize objective, biobehavioral measures of assessment in a clinical setting. The current body of literature on two of these biobehavioral tools (eye-tracking and electrocardiogram devices) is promising, but more validation and standardization research is needed to maximize the utility of these devices. Eye-tracking devices are uniquely capable of providing data that can be used to differentially diagnose anxiety disorders from both other commonly comorbid and misdiagnosed disorders. Both eye-tracking and electrocardiogram devices are able to provide change-sensitive assessment information. This objective, real-time feedback can assist clinicians and researchers in assessing treatment efficacy and symptom fluctuation. Recently developed wearable and highly portable electrocardiogram devices, like the wearable fitness and behavior tracking devices used by many consumers, may be particularly suited for providing this feedback to clinicians. Utilizing these biobehavioral devices would supply an objective, dimensional component to the current categorical diagnostic assessment system. We posit that if adequate funding and attention are directed at this area of research, it could revolutionize diagnostic and on-going assessment practices and, in doing so, bring the field of diagnosis out of the 20th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deah Abbott
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73134, United States
| | - Yasmin Shirali
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73134, United States
| | - J Kyle Haws
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73134, United States
| | - Caleb W Lack
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73134, United States
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Harrison AG. Clinical, Ethical, and Forensic Implications of a Flexible Threshold for LD and ADHD in Postsecondary Settings. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-017-9291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cleridou K, Patalay P, Martin P. Does parent-child agreement vary based on presenting problems? Results from a UK clinical sample. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:22. [PMID: 28428818 PMCID: PMC5395871 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrepancies are often found between child and parent reports of child psychopathology, nevertheless the role of the child's presenting difficulties in relation to these is underexplored. This study investigates whether parent-child agreement on the conduct and emotional scales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) varied as a result of certain child characteristics, including the child's presenting problems to clinical services, age and gender. METHODS The UK-based sample consisted of 16,754 clinical records of children aged 11-17, the majority of which were female (57%) and White (76%). The dataset was provided by the Child Outcomes Research Consortium , which collects outcome measures from child services across the UK. Clinicians reported the child's presenting difficulties, and parents and children completed the SDQ. RESULTS Using correlation analysis, the main findings indicated that agreement varied as a result of the child's difficulties for reports of conduct problems, and this seemed to be related to the presence or absence of externalising difficulties in the child's presentation. This was not the case for reports of emotional difficulties. In addition, agreement was higher when reporting problems not consistent with the child's presentation; for instance, agreement on conduct problems was greater for children presenting with internalising problems. Lastly, the children's age and gender did not seem to have an impact on agreement. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that certain child presenting difficulties, and in particular conduct problems, may be related to informant agreement and need to be considered in clinical practice and research. Trial Registration This study was observational and as such did not require trial registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalia Cleridou
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, 12 Maresfield Gardens, London, NW3 5SU UK ,grid.83440.3bResearch Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- grid.83440.3bResearch Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.10025.36Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, The Waterhouse Building, Dover St, Liverpool, L3 5DA UK
| | - Peter Martin
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, 12 Maresfield Gardens, London, NW3 5SU UK ,grid.83440.3bResearch Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
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Cwik JC, Papen F, Lemke JE, Margraf J. An Investigation of Diagnostic Accuracy and Confidence Associated with Diagnostic Checklists as Well as Gender Biases in Relation to Mental Disorders. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1813. [PMID: 27920738 PMCID: PMC5118628 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the utility of checklists in attaining more accurate diagnoses in the context of diagnostic decision-making for mental disorders. The study also aimed to replicate results from a meta-analysis indicating that there is no association between patients’ gender and misdiagnoses. To this end, 475 psychotherapists were asked to judge three case vignettes describing patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. Therapists were randomly assigned to experimental conditions in a 2 (diagnostic method: with using diagnostic checklists vs. without using diagnostic checklists) × 2 (gender: male vs. female case vignettes) between-subjects design. Multinomial logistic and linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between the usage of diagnostic checklists as well as patients’ gender and diagnostic decisions. The results showed that when checklists were used, fewer incorrect co-morbid diagnoses were made, but clinicians were less likely to diagnose MDD even when the criteria were met. Additionally, checklists improved therapists’ confidence with diagnostic decisions, but were not associated with estimations of patients’ characteristics. As expected, there were no significant associations between gender and diagnostic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Cwik
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabienne Papen
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Lemke
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany
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Functioning Well in a Dysfunctional System: Recommendations for Clinical Psychologists in Workers’ Compensation Settings. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-016-9276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Luciano
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Naples, Italy
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Del Vecchio V. Following the development of ICD-11 through World Psychiatry (and other sources). World Psychiatry 2014; 13:102-4. [PMID: 24497265 PMCID: PMC3918036 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
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