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Luciano M, De Rosa C, Del Vecchio V, Sampogna G, Sbordone D, Atti AR, Bardicchia F, Bertossi F, Calò S, Cava L, Ciafone M, De Fazio P, Di Iorio G, Fantini E, Ferrari S, Ginanneschi A, Gotelli S, Macina A, Mulè A, Papanti D, Pingani L, Pinna F, Piselli M, Signorelli MS, Tarricone I, Tarsitani L, Ventriglio A, Carrà G, Catapano F, Fiorillo A. Perceived insecurity, mental health and urbanization: Results from a multicentric study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2016; 62:252-61. [PMID: 26896027 DOI: 10.1177/0020764016629694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This article aims to (1) explore the levels of perceived insecurity in a sample of patients with mood or anxiety disorders and (2) assess whether living in 'big cities' can influence the levels of patients' perceived insecurity and social contacts compared to living in a non-urbanized context. METHODS A total of 24 Italian mental health centers (MHCs) have been invited to participate. Twenty patients consecutively accessing the MHC have been recruited. All patients have been assessed using validated assessment tools. RESULTS The sample consisted of 426 patients, mostly female, with a mean age of 45 years. Globally, 52.2% of patients had a diagnosis of mood disorders, and 37.8% had anxiety disorders. Half of the sample declared that the main feeling toward life is uncertainty; higher levels of pessimistic views toward life have been detected in patients living in urban areas. A positive association between negative attitudes toward life and higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, poor social functioning and higher levels of perceived psychological distress has been found. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the presence of a common sense of perceived uncertainty among our sample. Such attitude toward life can have a detrimental impact on patients' psychological and physical well-being, contributing to high levels of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - C De Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - V Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - G Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - D Sbordone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - A R Atti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - F Bertossi
- Mental Health Centre of Maddalena, ASS1 'Triestina', Trieste, Italy
| | - S Calò
- 'Vito Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cava
- Mental Health Centre of Rende, Rende, Italy
| | - M Ciafone
- Mental Health Centre of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - P De Fazio
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - G Di Iorio
- Department of Mental Health, 'G. Mazzini' Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - E Fantini
- Mental Health Centre of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - S Ferrari
- Department of Diagnostic-Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Ginanneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - S Gotelli
- DSMeD, ASL3 Genovese, IDEA Onlus, Genova, Italy
| | - A Macina
- Department of Mental Health, Mons. Dimiccoli Hospital, Barletta, Italy
| | - A Mulè
- Psychiatric Unit, University Hospital 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy
| | - D Papanti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Pingani
- Human Resource Department, Local Health Agency of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - F Pinna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Piselli
- Perugia University and SPDC 'S. Giovanni Battista', Foligno, Italy
| | - M S Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - I Tarricone
- Bologna Transcultural Psychosomatic Team (BoTPT), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Tarsitani
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Carrà
- University College London, London, UK
| | - F Catapano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - A Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
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Möller-Leimkühler AM, Möller HJ, Maier W, Gaebel W, Falkai P. EPA guidance on improving the image of psychiatry. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:139-54. [PMID: 26874959 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores causes, explanations and consequences of the negative image of psychiatry and develops recommendations for improvement. It is primarily based on a WPA guidance paper on how to combat the stigmatization of psychiatry and psychiatrists and a Medline search on related publications since 2010. Furthermore, focussing on potential causes and explanations, the authors performed a selective literature search regarding additional image-related issues such as mental health literacy and diagnostic and treatment issues. Underestimation of psychiatry results from both unjustified prejudices of the general public, mass media and healthcare professionals and psychiatry's own unfavourable coping with external and internal concerns. Issues related to unjustified devaluation of psychiatry include overestimation of coercion, associative stigma, lack of public knowledge, need to simplify complex mental issues, problem of the continuum between normality and psychopathology, competition with medical and non-medical disciplines and psychopharmacological treatment. Issues related to psychiatry's own contribution to being underestimated include lack of a clear professional identity, lack of biomarkers supporting clinical diagnoses, limited consensus about best treatment options, lack of collaboration with other medical disciplines and low recruitment rates among medical students. Recommendations are proposed for creating and representing a positive self-concept with different components. The negative image of psychiatry is not only due to unfavourable communication with the media, but is basically a problem of self-conceptualization. Much can be improved. However, psychiatry will remain a profession with an exceptional position among the medical disciplines, which should be seen as its specific strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Möller-Leimkühler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - H-J Möller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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