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Schulz A, Surkau J. Main group cyanides: from hydrogen cyanide to cyanido-complexes. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Homoleptic cyanide compounds exist of almost all main group elements. While the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals form cyanide salts, the cyanides of the lighter main group elements occur mainly as covalent compounds. This review gives an overview of the status quo of main group element cyanides and cyanido complexes. Information about syntheses are included as well as applications, special substance properties, bond lengths, spectroscopic characteristics and computations. Cyanide chemistry is presented mainly from the field of inorganic chemistry, but aspects of chemical biology and astrophysics are also discussed in relation to cyano compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Chemie , Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany
| | - Jonas Surkau
- Chemie , Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany
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Schmidt B, Schröder B, Sonnenberg K, Steinhauer S, Riedel S. From Polyhalides to Polypseudohalides: Chemistry Based on Cyanogen Bromide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10340-10344. [PMID: 31050139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pseudohalogens are defined as molecular entities that resemble the halogens in their chemistry. While our understanding of polyhalogen chemistry has increased over the last years, research on polypseudohalogen compounds is lacking. The pseudohalogen BrCN possesses a highly pronounced σ-hole at the bromine side of the molecule, inducing strong halogen bonding. This allows the synthesis and characterization of new polypseudohalogen anions, as shown by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction of [PNP][Br(BrCN)] and [PNP][Br(BrCN)3 ]. Both the nearly linear anion [Br(BrCN)]- and the distorted pyramidal anion [Br(BrCN)3 ]- were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. The behavior of the polypseudohalogen compounds in solution and as room-temperature ionic liquids (RT-ILs) using the [NBu4 ]+ cation was studied by 13 C and 15 N NMR spectroscopy. These types of ILs are capable of dissolving elemental gold and offer themselves as promising compounds in metal recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schmidt
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, FU Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schröder
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, FU Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Sonnenberg
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, FU Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, FU Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, FU Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Schmidt B, Schröder B, Sonnenberg K, Steinhauer S, Riedel S. Von Polyhalogeniden zu Polypseudohalogeniden: Chemie basierend auf Bromcyan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schmidt
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFU Berlin Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Schröder
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFU Berlin Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Karsten Sonnenberg
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFU Berlin Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFU Berlin Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFU Berlin Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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Wiberg KB, Sklenak S, Bailey WF. Solvation and structural effects on the stability of 10-X-2 ate-complexes: a computational study. J Org Chem 2000; 65:2014-21. [PMID: 10774021 DOI: 10.1021/jo991511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structures and energies of a variety of 10-X-2 ate-complexes derived from reaction of alkyllithiums and aryllithiums with the corresponding organohalides have been studied at the B3LYP/6-31+2G** theoretical level. The results of the calculations, which are in good agreement with the available experimental data, indicate that diaryl ate-complexes are more stable than their dialkyl counterparts. Fluorine substitution was found to confer substantial stability to both diaryl and dialkyl ate-complexes, and the calculations suggest that perfluoro dialkyl 10-X-2 ate-complexes should be experimentally observable species. One of the most important factors contributing to stability of a 10-X-2 ate-complex is removal of the formally cationic lithium from the vicinity of the ate-anion via coordination with a Lewis basic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Wiberg
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Alber F, Szeimies G. Kurzmitteilung/Short Communication Solvent-Free [1.1.1]Propellane from 1,3-Diiodobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19921250332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25. Diskussionstagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kristallographie der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft und der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker 10. bis 12. März 1986 in Gießen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1986.174.1-4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chapter 7. Coord Chem Rev 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-8545(85)85008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tebbe KF, Fr�hlich R. Untersuchungen an Polypseudohalogeniden. 3. Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Kaliumdicyanoiodat(I)-Diiminooxals�urediethylester (1/1), K[I(CN)2] � C6H12N2O2. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19835051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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