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Varadwaj A, Varadwaj PR, Marques HM, Yamashita K. The Stibium Bond or the Antimony-Centered Pnictogen Bond: The Covalently Bound Antimony Atom in Molecular Entities in Crystal Lattices as a Pnictogen Bond Donor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094674. [PMID: 35563065 PMCID: PMC9099767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A stibium bond, i.e., a non-covalent interaction formed by covalently or coordinately bound antimony, occurs in chemical systems when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between the electrophilic region associated with an antimony atom and a nucleophile in another, or the same molecular entity. This is a pnictogen bond and are likely formed by the elements of the pnictogen family, Group 15, of the periodic table, and is an inter- or intra-molecular non-covalent interaction. This overview describes a set of illustrative crystal systems that were stabilized (at least partially) by means of stibium bonds, together with other non-covalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds), retrieved from either the Cambridge Structure Database (CSD) or the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD). We demonstrate that these databases contain hundreds of crystal structures of various dimensions in which covalently or coordinately bound antimony atoms in molecular entities feature positive sites that productively interact with various Lewis bases containing O, N, F, Cl, Br, and I atoms in the same or different molecular entities, leading to the formation of stibium bonds, and hence, being partially responsible for the stability of the crystals. The geometric features, pro-molecular charge density isosurface topologies, and extrema of the molecular electrostatic potential model were collectively examined in some instances to illustrate the presence of Sb-centered pnictogen bonding in the representative crystal systems considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (A.V.); (K.Y.)
| | - Pradeep R. Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (A.V.); (K.Y.)
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Helder M. Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (A.V.); (K.Y.)
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Moaven S, Andrews MC, Polaske TJ, Karl BM, Unruh DK, Bosch E, Bowling NP, Cozzolino AF. Triple-Pnictogen Bonding as a Tool for Supramolecular Assembly. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16227-16235. [PMID: 31718176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assembly utilizing simultaneous formation of three pnictogen bonds around a single antimony vertex was explored via X-ray crystallography, solution NMR, and computational chemistry. An arylethynyl (AE) ligand was designed to complement the three electrophilic regions around the Sb compound. Though solution studies reveal large binding constants for individual pyridyl units with the Sb donor, the rigidity and prearrangement of the AE acceptor proved necessary to achieve simultaneous binding of three acceptors to the Sb-centered pnictogen-bond donor. Calculations and X-ray structures suggest that negative cooperativity upon sequential binding of three acceptors to a Sb center limits the utility of triple-pnictogen bonding pyridyl acceptors. These limitations can be negated, however, when positive cooperativity is designed into a complementary acceptor ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Moaven
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , 1204 Boston Avenue , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , United States
| | - Miranda C Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , 1204 Boston Avenue , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , United States
| | - Thomas J Polaske
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point , 2101 Fourth Avenue , Stevens Point , Wisconsin 54481 , United States
| | - Brian M Karl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point , 2101 Fourth Avenue , Stevens Point , Wisconsin 54481 , United States
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , 1204 Boston Avenue , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , United States
| | - Eric Bosch
- Chemistry Department , Missouri State University , 901 S. National Ave. , Springfield , Missouri 65897 , United States
| | - Nathan P Bowling
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point , 2101 Fourth Avenue , Stevens Point , Wisconsin 54481 , United States
| | - Anthony F Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , 1204 Boston Avenue , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , United States
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Farina P, Levason W, Reid G. Synthesis and structures of antimony(III) halide complexes with oxa-thia and oxa-selena crowns. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The reactions of SbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) with N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (mbtt) and N-methylbenzothiazole-2-selone (mbts). Formation of the mixed mer/fac-complex [mer-SbBr3(mbts)2(μ-mbts)fac-SbBr3(mbts)2]·CH2Cl2. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ozturk I, Filimonova S, Hadjikakou SK, Kourkoumelis N, Dokorou V, Manos MJ, Tasiopoulos AJ, Barsan MM, Butler IS, Milaeva ER, Balzarini J, Hadjiliadis N. Structural Motifs and Biological Studies of New Antimony(III) Iodide Complexes with Thiones. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:488-501. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Ozturk
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - S. Filimonova
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. K. Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N. Kourkoumelis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - M. J. Manos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - M. M. Barsan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H2A 2K6, Canada
| | - I. S. Butler
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H2A 2K6, Canada
| | - E. R. Milaeva
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - N. Hadjiliadis
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Barnes NA, Godfrey SM, Pritchard RG, Ratcliffe S. The Reaction of
N
,
N′
‐Di‐
tert
‐butylthiourea (dtbtu) with Antimony(III) Halides – Formation of the Triply Bridged [(dtbtu)SbX
2
(μ‐X)
2
(μ‐dtbtu)SbX
2
(dtbtu)] (X = Cl, Br) Dimers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Barnes
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK, Fax: +44‐161‐200‐4559
| | - Stephen M. Godfrey
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK, Fax: +44‐161‐200‐4559
| | - Robin G. Pritchard
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK, Fax: +44‐161‐200‐4559
| | - Shane Ratcliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK, Fax: +44‐161‐200‐4559
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Hernández-Molina R, Kalinina IV, Abramov PA, Sokolov MN, Virovets AV, Platas JG, Llusar R, Polo V, Vicent C, Fedin VP. Heterometallic Cuboidal Clusters M3M‘Q4 (M = Mo, W; M‘= Sn, Pb, As, Sb; Q = S, Se): From Coordination Compounds to Supramolecular Adducts. Inorg Chem 2007; 47:306-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ic701581u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hernández-Molina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Irina V. Kalinina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Pavel A. Abramov
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Maxim N. Sokolov
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Alexandr V. Virovets
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Javier G. Platas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Rosa Llusar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Victor Polo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Vladimir P. Fedin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Prospect Lavrentyeva 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
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Barton AJ, Genge ARJ, Hill NJ, Levason W, Orchard SD, Patel B, Reid G, Ward AJ. Recent developments in thio-, seleno-, and telluro-ether ligand chemistry. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.10100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hill NJ, Levason W, Reid G. Arsenic(III) halide complexes with acyclic and macrocyclic thio- and selenoether coligands: synthesis and structural properties. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:2070-6. [PMID: 11952360 DOI: 10.1021/ic011139t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparations of the new complexes [AsBr(3)[MeS(CH(2))(2)SMe]], [AsX(3)([9]aneS(3))] (X = Cl, Br or I; [9]aneS(3) = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane), [AsCl(3)([14]aneS(4))] ([14]aneS(4) = 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane), [AsX(3)([8]aneSe(2))] ([8]aneSe(2) = 1,5-diselenacyclooctane), [(AsX(3))(2)([16]aneSe(4))] ([16]aneSe(4) = 1,5,9,13-tetraselenacyclohexadecane), and [(AsBr(3))(2)([24]aneSe(6))] ([24]aneSe(6) = 1,5,9,13,17,21-hexaselenacyclotetracosane) are described. These are obtained from direct reaction of the appropriate AsX(3) and 1 mol equiv of the thio- or selenoether ligand in anhydrous CH(2)Cl(2) (or thf for X = I) solution. The products have been characterized by microanalysis and IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. In solution they are extensively dissociated, reflecting the weak Lewis acidity of AsX(3). Reaction of AsX(3) with MeSe(CH(2))(2)SeMe or MeC(CH(2)EMe)(3) (E = S or Se) gave only oils. Treatment of PCl(3) or PBr(3) with Me(2)S, MeE(CH(2))(2)EMe, or [9]aneS(3) failed to give solid complexes, and there was no evidence from NMR spectroscopy for any adduct formation in solution. The crystal structures of the first series of thioether and selenoether complexes of As(III) are described: [AsBr(3)[MeS(CH(2))(2)SMe]], C(4)H(10)AsBr(3)S(2), a = 10.2818(6) A, b = 7.8014(5) A, c = 14.503(1) A, beta = 102.9330(2) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, Z = 4; [AsI(3)[MeS(CH(2))(2)SMe]], C(4)H(10)AsI(3)S(2), a = 9.1528(1) A, b = 11.5622(2) A, c = 12.0939(2) A, beta = 93.863(1) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)()/n, Z = 4; [AsCl(3)([9]aneS(3))], C(6)H(12)AsCl(3)S(3), a = 17.520(4) A, b = 17.520(4) A, c = 16.790(7) A, tetragonal, I4(1)cd, Z = 16; [AsCl(3)([14]aneS(4))], C(10)H(20)AsCl(3)S(4), a = 13.5942(2) A, b = 7.7007(1) A, c = 18.1270(3) A, beta = 111.1662(5) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)()/n, Z = 4; [(AsCl(3))(2)([16]aneSe(4))], C(12)H(24)As(2)Cl(6)Se(4), a = 9.764(3) A, b = 13.164(1) A, c = 10.627(2) A, beta = 114.90(1) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)()/n, Z = 2; [(AsBr(3))(2)([16]aneSe(4))], C(12)H(24)As(2)Br(6)Se(4), a = 10.1220(1) A, b = 13.4494(2) A, c = 10.5125(2) A, beta = 113.49(2) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)()/n, Z = 2. [AsBr(3)[MeS(CH(2))(2)SMe]] and [AsI(3)[MeS(CH(2))(2)SMe]] reveal discrete mu(2)-halo As(2)X(6) dimeric structures involving distorted octahedral As(III), with the dithioether ligand chelating. [AsCl(3)([9]aneS(3))] adopts a discrete molecular distorted octahedral geometry with the thioether behaving as a weakly coordinated fac-capping ligand. [AsCl(3)([14]aneS(4))] forms an infinite sheet involving two mu(2)-chloro ligands on each As but bridging to two distinct As centers. Each macrocycle coordinates to two adjacent As centers via one S atom, giving a cis-octahedral Cl(4)S(2) donor set at As(III). The structures of [(AsCl(3))(2)([16]aneSe(4))] and [(AsBr(3))(2)([16]aneSe(4))] adopt 2-dimensional sheet structures with mu(2)-dihalo As(2)X(6) dimers cross-linked by mu(4)-tetraselenoether macrocycles, giving a disorted cis-X(4)Se(2) donor set at each As center. These species are compared with their antimony(III) and bismuth(III) analogues where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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Ligand oxidation of small-ring aza- and thia-macrocycles involving CH activation: crystal structures of [MeN(CH2NMe)2CH]2[MX6]·MeCN (M=Te, X=Cl, Br; M=Sn, X=Br and [C6H11S3]2[TeBr6]·MeCN). Inorganica Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alkylcycloarsoxanes and alkylcycloarsathianes—ambidentate macrocyclic ligands of variable metal-mediated ring size. Coord Chem Rev 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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