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Velasquez JD, Echeverría J, Alvarez S. Delocalized Bonding in Li 2X 2 Rings: Probing the Limits of the Covalent and Ionic Bonding Models. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:345-356. [PMID: 33338374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the highly ionic character of most lithium-element bonds, the bonding within Li2X2 rings presents similarities with that found in analogous transition metal systems. They obey simple framework electron counting rules that allow us to predict whether they will form a regular ring or a squeezed one with short Li-Li or X-X distances. A combined computational and structural database analysis discloses the orbital conditions that determine the framework electron counting rules. These systems probe the borderline between the covalent and ionic bonding models since, paradoxically, a non-negligible covalent contribution of the two Li atoms (formally Li+ ions in the ionic model) to the Li-X framework bonding favors them approaching each other within bonding distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Velasquez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Echeverría
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Schulz A, Villinger A, Westenkirchner A. Synthesis of 1,3-Dichloro-cyclo-1,3-diphosphadiazanes from Silylated Amino(dichloro)phosphanes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11457-68. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4017728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Westenkirchner
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Beweries T, Kuzora R, Rosenthal U, Schulz A, Villinger A. [P(μ-NTer)]2: A Biradicaloid That Is Stable at High Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8974-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Beweries T, Kuzora R, Rosenthal U, Schulz A, Villinger A. [P(μ-NTer)]2: ein hochtemperaturstabiles Diradikaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kuprat M, Kuzora R, Lehmann M, Schulz A, Villinger A, Wustrack R. Silver tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropoxy)aluminate as hexafluoroisopropyl transfer reagent for the chlorine/hexafluoroisopropyl exchange in imino phosphanes. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kuzora R, Schulz A, Villinger A, Wustrack R. Hypersilylated cyclodiphosphadiazanes and cyclodiphosphadiazenium salts. Dalton Trans 2009:9304-11. [PMID: 20449210 DOI: 10.1039/b911326f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Kuzora
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Villinger A, Westenkirchner A, Wustrack R, Schulz A. GaCl3-Assisted Cyclization Reactions in Hypersilyl(trimethylsilyl)aminodichlorophosphine. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:9140-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801501c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Villinger
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Westenkirchner
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ronald Wustrack
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Armstrong D, Graham D, Kennedy A, Mulvey R, O'Hara C. A Structural and Computational Study of Synthetically Important Alkali-Metal/Tetramethylpiperidide (TMP) Amine Solvates. Chemistry 2008; 14:8025-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cappello V, Baumgartner J, Dransfeld A, Hassler K. Monophosphanes and Diphosphanes with the Hypersilyl Substituent. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wright RJ, Steiner J, Beaini S, Power PP. Synthesis of the sterically encumbering terphenyl silyl and alkyl amines (R=Me and SiMe3), their lithium derivatives , and the tertiary amine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tang Y, Zakharov LN, Rheingold AL, Kemp RA. Synthesis and structure of lithium amides and solvated derivatives containing bulky bis(silylamide) ligands. Polyhedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mahmoudkhani AH, Rauscher S, Grajales B, Vargas-Baca I. Structural diversity of lithium sulfenamides: 7Li NMR studies in solution and crystal structures of [Li2(eta2-(CH3)3C-NS-C6H4CH(3)-4)2(THF)2] and [Li2(eta1-4-CH3C6H4-NS-C6H4CH(3)-4)2(THF)4]. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:3849-55. [PMID: 12793822 DOI: 10.1021/ic026269w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two lithium sulfenamides were prepared by reaction of (CH(3))(3)C-N(H)-S-C(6)H(4)CH(3)-4 (1) and 4-CH(3)C(6)H(4)-N(H)-S-C(6)H(4)CH(3)-4 (2) with an alkyllithium. The unsolvated sulfenamide Li[(CH(3))(3)C-NS-C(6)H(4)CH(3)-4] (3) was soluble enough for variable-temperature (VT) (7)Li NMR to provide evidence of a dynamic exchange of oligomers in solution. The crystal structures of the solvated sulfenamides of [Li(2)(eta(2)-(CH(3))(3)C-NS-C(6)H(4)CH(3)-4)(2)(THF)(2)] (4) and of [Li(2)(eta(1)-4-CH(3)C(6)H(4)-NS-C(6)H(4)CH(3)-4)(2)(THF)(4)] (6) consisted of dimers in which the anions display different hapticities. The VT (7)Li NMR spectra of 4 suggest that the two different structures exist in equilibrium in toluene-THF mixtures. These compounds are easily oxidized to the neutral thioaminyl radicals as identified by EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Mahmoudkhani
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Synthesis, functionalization, and cross-linking reactions of organosilicon polymers using silyl triflate intermediates. Prog Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Allan JF, Clegg W, Elsegood MR, Henderson KW, McKeown AE, Moran PH, Rakov IM. Dimethylaluminium enolates and alkoxides derived from trimethylaluminium and aromatic ketones: a synthetic, structural and theoretical investigation. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Eaborn C, El-Hamruni SM, Hill MS, Hitchcock PB, Hopman M, Le Gouic A, Smith J. Syntheses of some bulky alkylalanes and alkyltrihydroaluminates: crystal structures of [Li(THF)2AlH3C(SiMe3)2(SiMe2NMe2)]2, Li(THF)2Al2H5{C(SiMe3)3}2, (Me3Si)3CAlH2·THF and the pyrazolato derivative [LiAlH(C3H3N2)2C(SiMe3)3]2 (THF=tetrahydrofuran). J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Coles MP, Swenson DC, Jordan RF, Young VG. Synthesis and Structures of Mono- and Bis(amidinate) Complexes of Aluminum. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om9706323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Westerhausen M, Wieneke M, Rademacher BB, Schwarz W. Synthesis and Characterization of Substituted Benzyl Zinc Derivatives - Molecular Structures of (tmeda) Li-CH (GeMe3)Ph, (tmeda)Zn(CH2Ph)2, (tmeda)Zn[CH(SiMe3)Ph]2, and (tmeda)Zn[CH(SiMe3)Ph]N(H)Si(SiMe3)3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19971301024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Westerhausen M, Greul J, Hausen HD, Schwarz W. Synthese von substituierten Calcium-bis(disilylamiden) mittels der Transmetallierung von Zinn(II)- und Zinn(IV)-amiden. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19966220804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Uhlig W. Silyl Triflates – Valuable Synthetic Materials in Organosilicon Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19961290702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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