1
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Khan E. Hydroboration of alkynylchlorosilanes as an efficient route for the synthesis of SiNNB heterocycles. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry University of Malakand Chakdara Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Kingdom of Bahrain
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2
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Uhl W, Tolzmann M, Willeke K, Honacker C, Hepp A, Layh M, Würthwein E. Silicon–Halogen Bond Activation in Mixed Si/Al Compounds and an Approach to Intramolecular Stabilized Silylium Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Tolzmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Kira Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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3
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Uhl W, Honacker C, Lawrence N, Hepp A, Schürmann L, Layh M. Hydroalumination of Oligoalkynylgermanes and -digermanes - Reactions with Heterocumulenes by Al-C or Ge-C Bond Activation and Formation of a Hexazenedialuminum Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Neil Lawrence
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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4
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Weisheim E, Bücker L, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Tridentate Lewis acids with phenyl substituted 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane backbones. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:198-207. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane scaffold with axially orientated ethynyl groups provides opportunities to create new tridentate Lewis acids. Some examples of these Lewis acids have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Weisheim
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Lisa Bücker
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
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5
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Uhl W, Pelties S, Tannert J, Ravoo BJ, Würthwein EU. Germacyclobutenes: generation by 1,1-carbalumination or 1,1-carbagallation and their photophysical properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:2629-37. [PMID: 25522339 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium- and gallium-functionalised alkenylalkynylgermanes, R(1) 2 Ge(C≡C-R(2) )[C{E(CMe3 )2 }=C(H)-R(2) ] (E=Al, Ga), exhibit a close contact between the coordinatively unsaturated Al or Ga atoms and the α-C atoms of the intact ethynyl groups. These interactions activate the Ge-C(alkynyl) bonds and favour the thermally induced insertion of these C atoms into the E-C(vinyl) bonds by means of 1,1-carbalumination or 1,1-carbagallation reactions. For the first time the latter method was shown to be a powerful alternative to known metallation processes. Germacyclobutenes with an unsaturated GeC3 heterocycle and endo- and exocyclic C=C bonds resulted from concomitant Ge-C bond formation to the β-C atoms of the alkynyl groups. These heterocyclic compounds show an interesting photoluminescence behaviour with Stokes shifts of >110 nm. The fascinating properties are based on extended π-delocalisation including σ*-orbitals localised at Ge and Al. High-level quantum chemical DFT and TD-DFT calculations for an Al compound were applied to elucidate their absorption and emission properties. They revealed a biradical excited state with the transfer of a π-electron into the empty p-orbital at Al and a pyramidalisation of the metal atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251-8336660.
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6
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Uhl W, Tannert J, Honacker C, Layh M, Qu ZW, Risthaus T, Grimme S. Cooperative Ge-N Bond activation in aluminium-functionalised aminogermanes and spontaneous imine elimination via an intermediate germyl cation. Chemistry 2015; 21:2638-50. [PMID: 25521391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrometallation of iPr2 N-Ge(CMe3 )(C≡C-CMe3 )2 with H-M(CMe3 )2 (M=Al, Ga) affords alkenyl-alkynylgermanes in which the Lewis-acidic metal atoms are not coordinated by the amino N atoms but by the α-C atoms of the ethynyl groups. These interactions result in a lengthening of the Ge-C bonds by approximately 10 pm and a comparably strong deviation of the Ge-CC angle from linearity (154.3(1)°). This unusual behaviour may be caused by steric shielding of the N atoms. Coordination of the metal atoms by the amino groups is observed upon hydrometallation of Et2 N-Ge(C6 H5 )(C≡C-CMe3 )2 , bearing a smaller NR2 group. Strong M-N interactions lead to a lengthening of the Ge-N bonds by 10 to 15 pm and a strong deviation of the M atoms from the MC3 plane by 52 and 47 pm, for Al and Ga, respectively. Dual hydrometallation is achieved only with HAl(CMe3 )2 . In the product, there is a strong Al-N bond with converging Al-N and Ge-N distances (208 vs. 200 pm) and an interaction of the second Al atom to the phenyl group. Addition of chloride anions terminates the latter interaction while the activated Ge-N bond undergoes an unprecedented elimination of EtN=C(H)Me at room temperature, leading to a germane with a Ge-H bond. State-of-the-art DFT calculations reveal that the unique mechanism comprises the transfer of the amino group from Ge to Al to yield an intermediate germyl cation as a strong Lewis acid, which induces β-hydride elimination, with chloride binding being crucial for providing the thermodynamic driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251-8336660.
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Klöcker H, Roters S, Hepp A, Uhl W. Alkynyl functionalized Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pairs – aluminium alkynide elimination and evidence for the formation of 3H-phosphaallenes [R-PCC(H)-tBu]. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12670-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroalumination of dialkynylphosphines by H-Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2afforded alkenyl–alkynyl phosphines which eliminate dialkylaluminium alkynides spontaneously to form phosphaallenes, aryl-PCC(H)-tBu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Klöcker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Steffi Roters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
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8
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Fettinger JC, Gray PA, Melton CE, Power PP. Hydroalumination of Alkenes and Alkynes by Primary Aluminum Hydrides under Mild Conditions. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500911f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Fettinger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Paul A. Gray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Christopher E. Melton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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9
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Uhl W, Bohnemann J, Kappelt B, Hepp A, Layh M. Hydrometallation of amino-trialkynylsilanes--intramolecular M-N interactions (M = Al, Ga) and potential activation of Si-N bonds. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14386-98. [PMID: 24968284 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00922c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrometallation of a pyrrolidyl functionalised trialkynylsilane, H8C4N-Si(C≡C-CMe3)3, with equimolar quantities of H-M(CMe3)2 (M = Al, Ga) resulted in the formation of mixed alkenyl-dialkynylsilanes (3a, 3b) which have a Lewis-acidic Al or Ga atom in the geminal position to the Si atom and form four-membered M-N-Si-C heterocycles by a strong interaction of the amine N atoms with the Lewis-acidic metal atoms. This interaction results in a concomitant lengthening and weakening of the Si-N bonds. Dual hydrometallation afforded alkynyl-dialkenylsilanes (4a, 4b) with two Lewis-acidic metal atoms. Al-N and Ga-N interactions to one of the Lewis-acidic centres led again to the formation of M-N-Si-C heterocycles. The second Al atom of 4a interacted with C-H bonds of the vinylic tert-butyl group, while the Ga atom of 4b was coordinated to the α-C atom of the remaining alkynyl substituent. Dual hydrometallation of the corresponding pyrrolyl-trialkynylsilane resulted in compounds with different structures (5a, 5b) due to the delocalisation of the lone pair of electrons at nitrogen in the aromatic ring. One metal atom is coordinated to the α-C atom of the alkynyl group, and the other has close contact to a C-H bond of the pyrrole ring. The synthesis of 4b gave an unprecedented bicyclic by-product (6) which has a Ga-H-Ga 3c-2e bond. It was formally formed by hydrogallation of the trialkyne with the sesquihydride [H2Ga-CMe3]2[H-Ga(CMe3)2]2 and was also obtained by the selective reaction with this starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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10
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Uhl W, Bohnemann J, Layh M, Würthwein EU. Hydroalumination of a Chlorotrialkynylsilane: Spontaneous Stepwise 1,3-Dyotropic Rearrangement via an Intermediate Silyl Cation. Chemistry 2014; 20:8771-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Uhl W, Pelties S, Rohling M, Tannert J. Alkenyl-Alkynylgermanes Functionalised by Lewis Acids: Intramolecular Aluminium- and Gallium-Alkyne Interactions and Potential Ge-C Bond Activation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Khan E, Tok OL, Wrackmeyer B. Synthesis of 1-silacyclopent-2-ene derivatives using 1,2-hydroboration, 1,1-organoboration and protodeborylation. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Malakand; Chakdara 18550 Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Oleg L. Tok
- Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bayreuth; D-95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Bernd Wrackmeyer
- Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bayreuth; D-95440 Bayreuth Germany
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13
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Roters S, Appelt C, Westenberg H, Hepp A, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K, Uhl W. Dimeric aluminum–phosphorus compounds as masked frustrated Lewis pairs for small molecule activation. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9033-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Uhl W, Heller D, Kösters J, Würthwein EU, Ghavtadze N. Hydroalumination of Bis(alkynyl)silanes: Generation of Chelating Lewis Acids, Their Application in the Coordination of Chloride Ions and a 1,1-Carbalumination Reaction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Uhl W, Heller D, Rohling M, Kösters J. Hydroalumination of bis(alkynyl)germanes and -silanes: Generation of a chelating Lewis-acid and observation of a dismutation reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maheswari K, Rajendran NM, Meyer J, Reddy ND. Reactions of an Aluminum Amide with Aromatic Nitriles: Formation of Al−N−C Frameworks. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100406y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - N. M. Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Jens Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76313 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. Dastagiri Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
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Uhl W, Rohling M, Würthwein EU, Ghavtadze N, Bergander K. Facile Synthesis of an Unsaturated Spiro Germane by Hydroalumination and Intramolecular 1,1-Carbalumination. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Rohling
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nugzar Ghavtadze
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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18
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Uhl W, Rohling M, Kösters J. Hydroalumination of dialkynylgermanes—synthesis of alkenyl–alkynylgermanes with intramolecular aluminium–carbon interactions. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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