1
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Gradiski MV, Rennie BE, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Electronic insights into aminoquinoline-based PN HN ligands: protonation state dictates geometry while coordination environment dictates N-H acidity and bond strength. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11241-11254. [PMID: 35731231 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01556k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of transition metal complexes bearing aminoquinoline PNHH'-R ligands R = Ph (L1H), Cy (L2H) and their amido analogues are reported for rhodium(I) ([Rh(L1H)(PPh3)]+1 and Rh(L1)(PPh3) 2), cobalt(II) (Co(L2)(Cl) 3), and iron(II) ([Fe(L1H)2]2+5, Fe(L1)26, and [Fe(C5Me5)(L1H)]PF67). The acid-base and redox properties of the amido complexes 2, 6, and their protio parent complexes 1, and 5 permit the determination of the pKa and bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) of their N-H bonds while the ligand scaffold is coordinated to metal centres of square planar and octahedral geometry, respectively. From relative concentrations obtained by the use of 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, a pKaTHF value of 14 is calculated for rhodium complex 1, 6.4 for iron complex 5, and 24 for iron complex 7. These data, when combined with elecrochemical potentials obtained via cyclic voltammetry, allow the calculations of BDFE values for the N-H bond of 69 kcal mol-1 for 1, and of 55 kcal mol-1 for 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Gradiski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Benjamin E Rennie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Alan J Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Robert H Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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2
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Tanabe Y, Nishibayashi Y. Comprehensive insights into synthetic nitrogen fixation assisted by molecular catalysts under ambient or mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5201-5242. [PMID: 33651046 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N2 is fixed as NH3 industrially by the Haber-Bosch process under harsh conditions, whereas biological nitrogen fixation is achieved under ambient conditions, which has prompted development of alternative methods to fix N2 catalyzed by transition metal molecular complexes. Since the early 21st century, catalytic conversion of N2 into NH3 under ambient conditions has been achieved by using molecular catalysts, and now H2O has been utilized as a proton source with turnover frequencies reaching the values found for biological nitrogen fixation. In this review, recent advances in the development of molecular catalysts for synthetic N2 fixation under ambient or mild conditions are summarized, and potential directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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3
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Chalkley MJ, Drover MW, Peters JC. Catalytic N 2-to-NH 3 (or -N 2H 4) Conversion by Well-Defined Molecular Coordination Complexes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5582-5636. [PMID: 32352271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation, the six-electron/six-proton reduction of N2, to give NH3, is one of the most challenging and important chemical transformations. Notwithstanding the barriers associated with this reaction, significant progress has been made in developing molecular complexes that reduce N2 into its bioavailable form, NH3. This progress is driven by the dual aims of better understanding biological nitrogenases and improving upon industrial nitrogen fixation. In this review, we highlight both mechanistic understanding of nitrogen fixation that has been developed, as well as advances in yields, efficiencies, and rates that make molecular alternatives to nitrogen fixation increasingly appealing. We begin with a historical discussion of N2 functionalization chemistry that traverses a timeline of events leading up to the discovery of the first bona fide molecular catalyst system and follow with a comprehensive overview of d-block compounds that have been targeted as catalysts up to and including 2019. We end with a summary of lessons learned from this significant research effort and last offer a discussion of key remaining challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Chalkley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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Cha J, Kwon H, Song H, Lee E. Dinitrogen activation by a penta-pyridyl molybdenum complex. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12945-12949. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new dinitrogen (N2) molybdenum(0) complex supported exclusively by pyridine ligands was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Cha
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science
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5
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Van Stappen C, Davydov R, Yang ZY, Fan R, Guo Y, Bill E, Seefeldt LC, Hoffman BM, DeBeer S. Spectroscopic Description of the E 1 State of Mo Nitrogenase Based on Mo and Fe X-ray Absorption and Mössbauer Studies. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12365-12376. [PMID: 31441651 PMCID: PMC6751781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mo nitrogenase (N2ase) utilizes a two-component protein system, the catalytic MoFe and its electron-transfer partner FeP, to reduce atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). The FeMo cofactor contained in the MoFe protein serves as the catalytic center for this reaction and has long inspired model chemistry oriented toward activating N2. This field of chemistry has relied heavily on the detailed characterization of how Mo N2ase accomplishes this feat. Understanding the reaction mechanism of Mo N2ase itself has presented one of the most challenging problems in bioinorganic chemistry because of the ephemeral nature of its catalytic intermediates, which are difficult, if not impossible, to singly isolate. This is further exacerbated by the near necessity of FeP to reduce native MoFe, rendering most traditional means of selective reduction inept. We have now investigated the first fundamental intermediate of the MoFe catalytic cycle, E1, as prepared both by low-flux turnover and radiolytic cryoreduction, using a combination of Mo Kα high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection and Fe K-edge partial-fluorescence-yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. The results demonstrate that the formation of this state is the result of an Fe-centered reduction and that Mo remains redox-innocent. Furthermore, using Fe X-ray absorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies, we correlate a previously reported unique species formed under cryoreducing conditions to the natively formed E1 state through annealing, demonstrating the viability of cryoreduction in studying the catalytic intermediates of MoFe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Roman Davydov
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Ruixi Fan
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
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6
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Gradiski MV, Tsui BTH, Lough AJ, Morris RH. PNN′ & P2NN′ ligands via reductive amination with phosphine aldehydes: synthesis and base-metal coordination chemistry. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2150-2159. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-donor “arms” are readily added to amines in order to enable sturdy base metal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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7
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Zhao J, Chen Z. Single Mo Atom Supported on Defective Boron Nitride Monolayer as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Nitrogen Fixation: A Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12480-12487. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 780] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry
of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, United States
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8
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Tanabe Y, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic Dinitrogen Fixation to Form Ammonia at Ambient Reaction Conditions Using Transition Metal-Dinitrogen Complexes. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1549-77. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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9
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Hinrichsen S, Schnoor AC, Grund K, Flöser B, Schlimm A, Näther C, Krahmer J, Tuczek F. Molybdenum dinitrogen complexes facially coordinated by linear tridentate PEP ligands (E = N or P): impact of the central E donor in trans-position to N2. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14801-13. [PMID: 27603895 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of new molybdenum dinitrogen complexes supported by the tridentate PEP ligands (E = N, P) prPP(Ph)P (2), prPPHP (3), PN(Ph)P (4) and prPN(Ph)P (5) are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Krahmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- CAU Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- CAU Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
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10
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Walter M. Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Dinitrogen Activation. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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11
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Asay M, Morales-Morales D. Non-symmetric pincer ligands: complexes and applications in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:17432-47. [PMID: 26396037 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pincer ligands have become ubiquitous in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Recently, new varieties of pincer ligands with non-symmetrical backbones and/or ligating groups have been reported and their application in transition metal complexes has been exploited in a variety of catalytic transformations. This non-symmetric approach vastly increases the structural and electronic diversity of this class of ligand. This approach has proven beneficial in a variety of ways, such as the use of a single weakly coordinating moiety, which can dissociate and thereby create a vacant coordination site to increase the catalyst activity. Additionally, this provides further access to chiral ligands and complexes for asymmetric induction. This perspective highlights recent, important examples of non-symmetric pincer ligands, which feature aryl or pyridine backbones, and the synthesis and use of subsequent complexes in catalytic transformations, and discusses the future potential of this type of ligand system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Asay
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Cuidad Universitaria Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
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12
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Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Nitrogen fixation catalyzed by ferrocene-substituted dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum-dinitrogen complexes: unique behavior of ferrocene moiety as redox active site. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3940-3951. [PMID: 29218165 PMCID: PMC5707465 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00545k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum-dinitrogen complexes bearing metallocene-substituted PNP-pincer ligands is synthesized by the reduction of the corresponding monomeric molybdenum-trichloride complexes under 1 atm of molecular dinitrogen. Introduction of ferrocene as a redox-active moiety to the pyridine ring of the PNP-pincer ligand increases the catalytic activity for the formation of ammonia from molecular dinitrogen, up to 45 equiv. of ammonia being formed based on the catalyst (22 equiv. of ammonia based on each molybdenum atom of the catalyst). The time profile for the catalytic reaction reveals that the presence of the ferrocene unit in the catalyst increases the rate of ammonia formation. Electrochemical measurement and theoretical studies indicate that an interaction between the Fe atom of the ferrocene moiety and the Mo atom in the catalyst may play an important role to achieve a high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kuriyama
- Institute of Engineering Innovation , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Institute of Engineering Innovation , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Institute of Engineering Innovation , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan .
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation , School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
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13
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Nishibayashi Y. Molybdenum-catalyzed reduction of molecular dinitrogen into ammonia under ambient reaction conditions. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Nishibayashi Y. Recent progress in transition-metal-catalyzed reduction of molecular dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9234-47. [PMID: 26131967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes our recent progress in catalytic nitrogen fixation by using transition-metal-dinitrogen complexes as catalysts. Two reaction systems for the catalytic transformation of molecular dinitrogen into ammonia and its equivalent such as silylamine under ambient reaction conditions have been achieved by the molybdenum-, iron-, and cobalt-dinitrogen complexes as catalysts. Many new findings presented here may provide new access to the development of economical nitrogen fixation in place of the Haber-Bosch process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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15
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Kinoshita E, Arashiba K, Kuriyama S, Eizawa A, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Molybdenum-Nitride Complexes Bearing Pincer Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Khoenkhoen N, de Bruin B, Reek JNH, Dzik WI. Reactivity of Dinitrogen Bound to Mid- and Late-Transition-Metal Centers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201403041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Tanabe Y, Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Arsenic-Containing Arsenic-Nitrogen-Arsenic-Type Pincer Ligand. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5006116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Institute of Engineering
Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Institute of Engineering
Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Institute of Engineering
Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Institute of Engineering
Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute of Engineering
Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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18
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Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Tanaka H, Kamaru N, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic Formation of Ammonia from Molecular Dinitrogen by Use of Dinitrogen-Bridged Dimolybdenum–Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing PNP-Pincer Ligands: Remarkable Effect of Substituent at PNP-Pincer Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9719-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5044243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kuriyama
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kamaru
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research
Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research
Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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