1
|
Lu Y, Ma X, Chang X, Liang Z, Lv L, Shan M, Lu Q, Wen Z, Gust R, Liu W. Recent development of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as therapeutic agents for cancer diseases. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5518-5556. [PMID: 35699475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities and platinum complexes are well established in the clinical application of cancer chemotherapy. However, the platinum-based treatment of different types of cancers is massively hampered by severe side effects and resistance development. Consequently, the development of novel metal-based drugs with different mechanism of action and pharmaceutical profile attracts modern medicinal chemists to design and synthesize novel metal-based agents. Among non-platinum anticancer drugs, gold complexes have gained considerable attention due to their significant antiproliferative potency and efficacy. In most situations, the gold complexes exhibit anticancer activities by targeting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) or other thiol-rich proteins and enzymes and trigger cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, gold complexes were recently reported to elicit biochemical hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD) as an ICD inducer. In this review, the recent progress of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes is comprehensively summarized, and their activities and mechanism of action are documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenfan Wen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Synthesis, in vitro anticancer activity and reactions with biomolecule of gold(I)-NHC carbene complexes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Galassi R, Luciani L, Wang J, Vincenzetti S, Cui L, Amici A, Pucciarelli S, Marchini C. Breast Cancer Treatment: The Case of Gold(I)-Based Compounds as a Promising Class of Bioactive Molecules. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010080. [PMID: 35053228 PMCID: PMC8774004 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers (BCs) may present dramatic diagnoses, both for ineffective therapies and for the limited outcomes in terms of lifespan. For these types of tumors, the search for new drugs is a primary necessity. It is widely recognized that gold compounds are highly active and extremely potent as anticancer agents against many cancer cell lines. The presence of the metal plays an essential role in the activation of the cytotoxicity of these coordination compounds, whose activity, if restricted to the ligands alone, would be non-existent. On the other hand, gold exhibits a complex biochemistry, substantially variable depending on the chemical environments around the central metal. In this review, the scientific findings of the last 6–7 years on two classes of gold(I) compounds, containing phosphane or carbene ligands, are reviewed. In addition to this class of Au(I) compounds, the recent developments in the application of Auranofin in regards to BCs are reported. Auranofin is a triethylphosphine-thiosugar compound that, being a drug approved by the FDA—therefore extensively studied—is an interesting lead gold compound and a good comparison to understand the activities of structurally related Au(I) compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Luciani
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.W.); (S.V.); (L.C.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.W.); (S.V.); (L.C.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Lishan Cui
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.W.); (S.V.); (L.C.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.W.); (S.V.); (L.C.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.W.); (S.V.); (L.C.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.W.); (S.V.); (L.C.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sulaiman AAA, Ahmad S, Mujahid Hashimi S, Alqosaibi AI, Peedikakkal AMP, Alhoshani A, Alsaleh NB, Isab AA. Novel dinuclear gold( i) complexes containing bis(diphenylphosphano)alkanes and (biphenyl-2-yl)(di- tert-butyl)phosphane: synthesis, structural characterization and anticancer activity. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four novel dinuclear phosphanegold(I) complexes containing bis(diphenylphosphano)alkanes and related phosphano alkanes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. A. Sulaiman
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Mujahid Hashimi
- School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Parklands, QLD, Australia
| | - Amany I. Alqosaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser B. Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morgen M, Fabrowski P, Amtmann E, Gunkel N, Miller AK. Inclusion Complexes of Gold(I)-Dithiocarbamates with β-Cyclodextrin: A Journey from Drug Repurposing towards Drug Discovery. Chemistry 2021; 27:12156-12165. [PMID: 34114261 PMCID: PMC8456977 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The gold(I)-dithiocarbamate (dtc) complex [Au(N,N-diethyl)dtc]2 was identified as the active cytotoxic agent in the combination treatment of sodium aurothiomalate and disulfiram on a panel of cancer cell lines. In addition to demonstrating pronounced differential cytotoxicity to these cell lines, the gold complex showed no cross-resistance in therapy-surviving cancer cells. In the course of a medicinal chemistry campaign on this class of poorly soluble gold(I)-dtc complexes, >35 derivatives were synthesized and X-ray crystallography was used to examine structural aspects of the dtc moiety. A group of hydroxy-substituted complexes has an improved solubility profile, and it was found that these complexes form 2 : 1 host-guest inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (CD), exhibiting a rarely observed "tail-to-tail" arrangement of the CD cones. Formulation of a hydroxy-substituted gold(I)-dtc complex with excess sulfobutylether-β-CD prevents the induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which is a major burden in the development of metallodrugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Morgen
- Cancer Drug Development Group (A390)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Piotr Fabrowski
- Cancer Drug Development Group (A390)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Eberhard Amtmann
- Cancer Drug Development Group (A390)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nikolas Gunkel
- Cancer Drug Development Group (A390)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Aubry K. Miller
- Cancer Drug Development Group (A390)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)69120HeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le HV, Babak MV, Ehsan MA, Altaf M, Reichert L, Gushchin AL, Ang WH, Isab AA. Highly cytotoxic gold(i)-phosphane dithiocarbamate complexes trigger an ER stress-dependent immune response in ovarian cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:7355-7363. [PMID: 32432621 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive disease which is treated by surgery and platinum chemotherapy. However, a significant proportion of treated patients develop resistance to platinum treatment resulting in tumor relapse. Acquired platinum resistance has been recently correlated with activation of pro-survival endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. We hypothesized that Au complexes that induce severe ER stress might counteract pro-survival cellular attempts leading to the ER stress-mediated apoptosis and reduced platinum resistance. In this work, we prepared a series of highly cytotoxic AuI-dialkyldithiocarbamate complexes and investigated their anticancer potential in ovarian cancer cells. Complexes demonstrated surprisingly low stability in chloroform, resulting in the formation of an Au chain polymer, which also displayed excellent cytotoxicity. Lead complex 2 induced oxidative stress and ER stress-mediated p53-independent apoptosis associated with PARP cleavage and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Importantly, 2 caused the surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT), which is the first step in the activation of cellular immunogenic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Van Le
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Maria V Babak
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia and Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Artem L Gushchin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore. and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore
| | - Anvarhusein A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Synthesis, characterization, DFT optimization and anticancer evaluation of phosphanegold(I) dithiocarbamates. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
8
|
Mertens RT, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Cancer cell-selective modulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolism by potent organogold(iii) dithiocarbamates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10465-10482. [PMID: 34094305 PMCID: PMC8162438 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03628e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key cancer hallmark that has led to the therapeutic targeting of glycolysis. However, agents that target dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration for targeted therapy remains underexplored. We report the synthesis and characterization of ten (10) novel, highly potent organometallic gold(iii) complexes supported by dithiocarbamate ligands as selective inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration. The structure of dithiocarbamates employed dictates the biological stability and cellular cytotoxicity. Most of the compounds exhibit 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the low-micromolar (0.50-2.9 μM) range when tested in a panel of aggressive cancer types with significant selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. Consequently, there is great interest in the mechanism of action of gold chemotherapeutics, particularly, considering that DNA is not the major target of most gold complexes. We investigate the mechanism of action of representative complexes, 1a and 2a in the recalcitrant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231. Whole-cell transcriptomics sequencing revealed genes related to three major pathways, namely: cell cycle, organelle fission, and oxidative phosphorylation. 2a irreversibly and rapidly inhibits maximal respiration in TNBC with no effect on normal epithelial cells, implicating mitochondrial OXPHOS as a potential target. Furthermore, the modulation of cyclin dependent kinases and G1 cell cycle arrest induced by these compounds is promising for the treatment of cancer. This work contributes to the need for mitochondrial respiration modulators in biomedical research and outlines a systematic approach to study the mechanism of action of metal-based agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall T Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40536 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sulaiman AA, Alhoshani A, As Sobeai HM, Alghanem M, Abogosh AK, Ahmad S, Altaf M, Monim-ul-Mehboob M, Stoeckli-Evans H, Isab AA. Anticancer activity and X-ray structure determination of gold(I) complexes of 2-(diphenylphosphanyl)-1-aminocyclohexane. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
10
|
Brustolin L, Pettenuzzo N, Nardon C, Quarta S, Marchiò L, Biondi B, Pontisso P, Fregona D. Au(iii)-Proline derivatives exhibiting selective antiproliferative activity against HepG2/SB3 apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16017-16025. [PMID: 31599279 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03036k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the combination of a proline-based moiety with biologically active gold centers in the oxidation states +1 and +3. In particular, six Au(i)/(iii)-proline dithiocarbamato (DTC) complexes with general formulae [Au(DTC)2] and [AuIIIX2(DTC)] (X = Cl, Br) are reported here. After the synthesis of the ligand and the complexes, all derivatives were characterized via several techniques and tested for their stability in DMSO/water media. This study was focused on the demonstration of a peculiar behavior of Au(iii)-DTC species in solution. Finally, the complexes were screened for their antiproliferative activity against 2 human cancer cell lines, namely HepG2 and HepG2/SB3, taken as models of hepatocellular carcinoma. The latter, chosen for its aggressiveness due to the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein SerpinB3, was selectively inhibited in terms of growth by some Au(iii)-DTC complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Brustolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. and Department of Surgical, Oncologic and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - N Pettenuzzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. and Department of Surgical, Oncologic and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - C Nardon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - S Quarta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - L Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A - 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - B Biondi
- CNR, Padova Unit, Inst Biomol Chem, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - P Pontisso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - D Fregona
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Medicinal Applications of Gold(I/III)-Based Complexes Bearing N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Phosphine Ligands. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
12
|
Seliman AA, Altaf M, Onawole AT, Al-Saadi A, Ahmad S, Alhoshani A, Bhatia G, Isab AA. Synthesis, X-ray structure and cytotoxicity evaluation of carbene-based gold(I) complexes of selenones. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Synthesis, X-ray structure, DFT calculations and anticancer activity of a selenourea coordinated gold(I)-carbene complex. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
14
|
Seliman AA, Altaf M, Onawole AT, Ahmad S, Ahmed MY, Al-Saadi AA, Altuwaijri S, Bhatia G, Singh J, Isab AA. Synthesis, X-ray structures and anticancer activity of gold(I)-carbene complexes with selenones as co-ligands and their molecular docking studies with thioredoxin reductase. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|