Evaluating the Selectivity of Sorbents for Noble Gas Separations across a Range of Temperatures, Loadings, and Gas Compositions

Exploitation of Pore Structure for Increased CO2 Selectivity in Type 3 Porous Liquids

CO2 capture requires materials with high adsorption selectivity and an industrial ease of implementation. To address these needs, a new class of porous materials was recently developed that combines the fluidity of solvents with the porosity of solids. Type 3 porous liquids (PLs) composed of solvents and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a promising alternative to current liquid carbon capture methods due to the inherent tunability of the nanoporous MOFs. However, the effects of MOF structural features and solvent properties on CO2-MOF interactions within PLs are not well understood. Herein experimental and computational data of CO2 gas adsorption isotherms were used to elucidate both solvent and pore structure influences on ZIF-based PLs. The roles of the pore structure including solvent size exclusion, structural environment, and MOF porosity on PL CO2 uptake were examined. A comparison of the pore structure and pore aperture was performed using ZIF-8, ZIF-L, and amorphous-ZIF-8. Adsorption experiments here have verified our previously proposed solvent size design principle for ZIF-based PLs (1.8× ZIF pore aperture). Furthermore, the CO2 adsorption isotherms of the ZIF-based PLs indicated that judicious selection of the pore environment allows for an increase in CO2 selectivity greater than expected from the individual PL components or their combination. This nonlinear increase in the CO2 selectivity is an emergent behavior resulting from the complex mixture of components specific to the ZIF-L + 2'-hydroxyacetophenone-based PL.

Reticular Chemistry and the Discovery of a New Family of Rare Earth (4, 8)-Connected Metal-Organic Frameworks with csq Topology Based on RE4(μ3-O)2(COO)8 Clusters

In recent years, the design and discovery of new metal-organic framework (MOF) platforms with distinct structural features and tunable chemical composition has remarkably enhanced by applying reticular chemistry rules and the molecular building block (MBB) approach. We targeted the synthesis of new rare earth (RE)-MOF platforms based on a rectangular-shaped 4-c linker, acting as a rigid organic MBB. Accordingly, we designed and synthesized the organic ligand 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-benzene (H₄L), in which the two methyl groups attached to the central phenyl ring lock the four peripheral carboxyphenyl groups to an orthogonal/vertical position. We report here a new family of RE-MOFs featuring the novel inorganic building unit, RE₄(μ₃-O)₂ (RE: Y³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺, and Yb³⁺), with planar D_2h symmetry. The rigid 4-c linker, H₄L, directs the in situ assembly of the unique 8-c RE₄(μ₃-O)₂(COO)₈ cluster, resulting in the formation of the first (4, 8)-c RE-MOFs with csq topology, RE-csq-MOF-1. The structures of the yttrium (Y-csq-MOF-1) and holmium (Ho-csq-MOF-1) analogues were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Y-csq-MOF-1 was successfully activated and tested for Xe/Kr separation. The results show that Y-csq-MOF-1 has high isosteric heat of adsorption for Xe (33.8 kJ mol^-1), with high Xe/Kr selectivity (IAST 12.1, Henry 12.9) and good Xe uptake (1.94 mmol g^-1 at 298 K and 1 bar), placing this MOF among the top-performing adsorbents for Xe/Kr separation.