1
|
Shah S, Pietsch T, Ruck M. Facile Synthesis of Anhydrous Rare-Earth Trichlorides from their Oxides in Chloridoaluminate Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317480. [PMID: 38059405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Wide applications of anhydrous rare-earth (RE) trichlorides RECl3 in organometallic chemistry, for the synthesis of optical and magnetic materials, and as catalysts require a facile approach for their synthesis. The known methods use or produce toxic substances, are complicated and have limited reliability and upscaling. It has been shown that task-specific ionic liquids (ILs) can dissolve many metal oxides without special reaction conditions at moderate temperature, making the metals accessible to downstream chemistry. Using imidazolium chloridoaluminate ILs, pure crystalline anhydrous RECl3 (RE=La-Nd, Sm-Dy) can be synthesized in one step from RE oxides in high yield. The Lewis acidic IL acts as solvent and reaction partner. The by-product [Al4 O2 Cl10 ]2- , which was detected spectroscopically, remains in solution. The reacted IL can be removed quantitatively by washing. ILs with various imidazolium cations and AlCl3 content and the effect of temperature and reaction time were tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Shah
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Pietsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang T, Doert T, Wang H, Zhang S, Ruck M. Inorganic Synthesis Based on Reactions of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22148-22165. [PMID: 34032351 PMCID: PMC8518931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are of growing interest as solvents for the resource‐efficient synthesis of inorganic materials. This Review covers chemical reactions of various deep eutectic solvents and types of ionic liquids, including metal‐containing ionic liquids, [BF4]−‐ or [PF6]−‐based ionic liquids, basic ionic liquids, and chalcogen‐containing ionic liquids. Cases in which cations, anions, or both are incorporated into the final products are also included. The purpose of this Review is to raise caution about the chemical reactivity of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents and to establish a guide for their proper use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang T, Doert T, Wang H, Zhang S, Ruck M. Ionische Flüssigkeiten und stark eutektische Lösungsmittel in der anorganischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Thomas Doert
- Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Michael Ruck
- Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Deutschland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan D, Kirbus B, Rüsing M, Pietsch T, Ruck M, Eng LM. Resource-Efficient Low-Temperature Synthesis of Microcrystalline Pb 2 B 5 O 9 X (X = Cl, Br) for Surfaces Studies by Optical Second Harmonic Generation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000857. [PMID: 32402141 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optically nonlinear Pb2 B5 O9 X (X = Cl, Br) borate halides are an important group of materials for second harmonic generation (SHG). Additionally, they also possess excellent photocatalytic activity and stability in the process of dechlorination of chlorophenols, which are typical persistent organic pollutants. It would be of great interest to conduct in situ (photo-) catalysis investigations during the whole photocatalytic process by SHG when considering them as photocatalytic materials. In order to get superior photocatalytic efficiency and maximum surface information, small particles are highly desired. Here, a low-cost and fast synthesis route that allows growing microcrystalline optically nonlinear Pb2 B5 O9 X borate halides at large quantities is introduced. When applying the ionothermal growth process at temperatures between 130 and 170 °C, microcrystallites with an average size of about 1 µm precipitate with an orthorhombic hilgardite-like borate halide structure. Thorough examinations using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, the Pb2 B5 O9 X microcrystals are indicated to be chemically pure and single-phased. Besides, the Pb2 B5 O9 X borate halides' SHG efficiencies are confirmed using confocal SHG microscopy. The low-temperature synthesis route thus makes these borate halides a highly desirable material for surface studies such as monitoring chemical reactions with picosecond time resolution and in situ (photo-) catalysis investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deming Tan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kirbus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Michael Rüsing
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Tobias Pietsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, Dresden, 01187, Germany
- ct.qmat-Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter, Cluster of Excellence EXC 2147, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Lukas M Eng
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- ct.qmat-Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter, Cluster of Excellence EXC 2147, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hollóczki O, Wolff A, Pallmann J, Whiteside RE, Hartley J, Grasser MA, Nockemann P, Brunner E, Doert T, Ruck M. Spontaneous Substitutions at Phosphorus Trihalides in Imidazolium Halide Ionic Liquids: Grotthuss Diffusion of Anions? Chemistry 2018; 24:16323-16331. [PMID: 30157298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; University of Bonn; Beringstrasse 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Julia Pallmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Rachel E. Whiteside
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT7 1NN UK
| | - Jennifer Hartley
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; TU Bergakademie Freiberg; 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Matthias A. Grasser
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Peter Nockemann
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT7 1NN UK
| | - Eike Brunner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids; Nöthnitzer Strasse 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|