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Kumar R, Kurita S, Ohashi F, Iida T, Habuchi H, Kume T. Synthesis and Characterization of Type II Ge-Si Clathrate Films for Optoelectronic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:504. [PMID: 38276443 PMCID: PMC10817513 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Type II inorganic clathrates consist of cage-like structures with open frameworks, and they are considered promising materials due to their unique properties. However, the difficulty of synthesizing phase-pure and continuous films has hindered their application in practical devices. In this report, we demonstrate the synthesis of type II SiGe clathrate films through the thermal decomposition of a Na-deposited amorphous SiGe film on a sapphire substrate in a high vacuum. The as-prepared films of type II SiGe clathrates showed uniform growth and were evaluated for their structural and optical properties. Morphological studies conducted using a scanning electron microscope showed the presence of cracks on the film surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Gifu College, Gifu 501-0495, Japan; (T.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Shiori Kurita
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Fumitaka Ohashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Tamio Iida
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Gifu College, Gifu 501-0495, Japan; (T.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Hitoe Habuchi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Gifu College, Gifu 501-0495, Japan; (T.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Tetsuji Kume
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (T.K.)
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Hübner JM, Carrillo-Cabrera W, Kozelj P, Prots Y, Baitinger M, Schwarz U, Jung W. A Borosilicide with Clathrate VIII Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13456-13460. [PMID: 35875975 PMCID: PMC9377393 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The high-pressure phase Na8BxSi46–x (3 < x < 5) is the first representative of a borosilicide crystallizing
in the rarely occurring clathrate VIII type structure. Crystals with
composition Na8B4Si42 (space group I43̅m; a = 9.7187(2)
Å; Pearson symbol cI54) were obtained at 5–8
GPa and 1200 K. The clathrate I modification exists for the same composition
at lower pressure with a larger cell volume (Pm3̅n; a = 9. 977(2) Å; cP54). Profound structural adaptions allow for a higher density of
the clathrate VIII type than clathrate I, opening up the perspective
of obtaining clathrate VIII type compounds as high-pressure forms
of clathrate I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Maria Hübner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.,Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics for Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Primoz Kozelj
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics for Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics for Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baitinger
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics for Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics for Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Jung
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics for Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Sandemann J, Reardon H, Brummerstedt Iversen B. Temperature-dependent crystal structure investigation of 4f hybridized thermoelectric clathrate Ba 8-xCe xAu ySi 46-y. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:359-368. [PMID: 35695109 DOI: 10.1107/s205252062101310x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric materials allow for conversion of waste heat into electrical energy, and they represent a green solution for improving our energy efficiency. Inclusion of 4f electrons near the Fermi level may boost the Seebeck coefficient, which is essential for high thermoelectric performance. In this study, Ce was successfully substituted for Ba on the guest atom sites in the type-I clathrate Ba8-xCexAuySi46-y and the material was characterized using high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data measured from 100 K to 1000 K to investigate potential structural implications of the inclusion of a 4f element. The thermal expansion and bonding of the host structure are not affected by the presence of Ce, as seen from the linear coefficient of unit-cell thermal expansion of 7.30 (8) × 10-6 K-1 and the average host Debye temperature of 404 (7) K determined from the multi-temperature atomic displacement parameters, both of which are similar to values obtained for pure Ba8AuySi46-y. The anisotropic atomic displacement parameters on the guest atom site in the large clathrate cage populated by Ba surprisingly reveals isotropic behavior, which is different from all other clathrates reported in literature, and thus represents a unique host-guest bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sandemann
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Hazel Reardon
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
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Thermoelectric properties and band structures of vacancy-containing Sn-based clathrates K8Sn44−Ge. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dopilka A, Childs A, Ovchinnikov A, Zhao R, Bobev S, Peng X, Chan CK. Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Type VIII Ba 8Ga 16-δSn 30+δ Clathrate (δ ≈ 1) during Lithiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42564-42578. [PMID: 34477361 PMCID: PMC8447186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clathrates of the tetrel (Tt = Si, Ge, Sn) elements are host-guest structures that can undergo Li alloying reactions with high capacities. However, little is known about how the cage structure affects the phase transformations that take place during lithiation. To further this understanding, the structural changes of the type VIII clathrate Ba8Ga16-δSn30+δ (δ ≈ 1) during lithiation are investigated and compared to those in β-Sn with ex situ X-ray total scattering measurements and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The results show that the type VIII clathrate undergoes an alloying reaction to form Li-rich amorphous phases (LixBa0.17Ga0.33Sn0.67, x = 2-3) with local structures similar to those in the crystalline binary Li-Sn phases that form during the lithiation of β-Sn. As a result of the amorphous phase transition, the type VIII clathrate reacts at a lower voltage (0.25 V vs Li/Li+) compared to β-Sn (0.45 V) and goes through a solid-solution reaction after the initial conversion of the crystalline clathrate phase. Cycling experiments suggest that the amorphous phase persists after the first lithiation and results in considerably better cycling than in β-Sn. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that topotactic Li insertion into the clathrate lattice is not favorable due to the high energy of the Li sites, which is consistent with the experimentally observed amorphous phase transformation. The local structure in the clathrate featuring Ba atoms surrounded by a cage of Ga and Sn atoms is hypothesized to kinetically circumvent the formation of Li-Sn or Li-Ga crystalline phases, which results in better cycling and a lower reaction voltage. Based on the improved electrochemical performance, clathrates could act as tunable precursors to form amorphous Li alloying phases with novel electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dopilka
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876106, Tempe, Arizona 85827, United
States
| | - Amanda Childs
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexander Ovchinnikov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ran Zhao
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Svilen Bobev
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Xihong Peng
- College
of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona
State University Polytechnic Campus, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Candace K. Chan
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876106, Tempe, Arizona 85827, United
States
- Department
of Heterogenous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Jung W, Böhme B, Hübner JM, Burkhardt U, Borrmann H, Bobnar M, Nguyen HD, Pantenburg I, Etter M, Schwarz U, Grin Y, Baitinger M. The impact of boron atoms on clathrate-I silicides: composition range of the borosilicide K 8-xB ySi 46-y. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1274-1282. [PMID: 33393534 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The clathrate-I borosilicide K8-xBySi46-y (0.8 ≤x≤ 1.2 and 6.4 ≤y≤ 7.2; space group Pm3[combining macron]n) was prepared in sealed tantalum ampoules between 900 °C and 1000 °C. By high-pressure preparation at 8 GPa and 1000 °C, a higher boron content is achieved (x = 0.2, y = 7.8). Crystal structure and composition were established from X-ray diffraction data, chemical analysis, WDX spectroscopy, and confirmed by 11B and 29Si NMR, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The compositions are electron-balanced according to the Zintl rule within one estimated standard deviation. The lattice parameter varies with composition from a = 9.905 Å for K7.85(2)B7.8(1)Si38.2(1) to a = 9.968(1) Å for K6.80(2)B6.4(5)Si39.6(5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Jung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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