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Hill B, Abraham S, Akhtar A, Selvaggio G, Tschulik K, Kruss S. Surfactant assisted exfoliation of near infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20916-20925. [PMID: 37441047 PMCID: PMC10334366 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorophores that emit light in the near infrared (NIR) are advantageous in photonics and imaging due to minimal light scattering, absorption, phototoxicity and autofluorescence in this spectral region. The layered silicate Egyptian blue (CaCuSi4O10) emits as a bulk material bright and stable fluorescence in the NIR and is a promising NIR fluorescent material for (bio)photonics. Here, we demonstrate a surfactant-based (mild) exfoliation procedure to produce nanosheets (EB-NS) of high monodispersity, heights down to 1 nm and diameters <20 nm in large quantities. The approach combines planetary ball milling, surfactant assisted bath sonication and centrifugation steps. It avoids the impurities that are typical for the harsh conditions of tip-sonication. Several solvents and surfactants were tested and we found the highest yield for sodium dodecyl benzyl sulfate (SDBS) and water. The NIR fluorescence emission (λem ≈ 930-940 nm) is not affected by this procedure, is extremely stable and is not affected by quenchers. This enables the use of EB-NS for macroscopic patterning/barcoding of materials in the NIR. In summary, we present a simple and mild route to NIR fluorescent nanosheets that promise high potential as NIR fluorophores for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Smitha Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Anas Akhtar
- Analytical Chemistry II, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum
| | | | | | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) 47057 Duisburg Germany
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Selvaggio G, Kruss S. Preparation, properties and applications of near-infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9553-9575. [PMID: 35766334 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The layered silicates Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10, EB), Han Blue (BaCuSi4O10, HB) and Han Purple (BaCuSi2O6, HP) are known as historic pigments, but they also possess novel optoelectronic properties with great potential for fundamental research and technology. They fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) range and can be exfoliated into two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (i.e. nanosheets, NS) which retain the photophysical properties of the bulk materials. These and other characteristics fuel the growing excitement of the scientific community about these materials. EB-, HB- and HP-NS have been used in various applications ranging from smart inks, energy storage, bioimaging, to phototherapy and more. In this review article, we report the fundamental properties of these low-dimensional silicate nanomaterials, discuss applications and outline perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, 47057, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg, 47057, Germany
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Loch P, Schuchardt D, Algara-Siller G, Markus P, Ottermann K, Rosenfeldt S, Lunkenbein T, Schwieger W, Papastavrou G, Breu J. Nematic suspension of a microporous layered silicate obtained by forceless spontaneous delamination via repulsive osmotic swelling for casting high-barrier all-inorganic films. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9084. [PMID: 35584219 PMCID: PMC9116614 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the full potential of layered materials for a broad range of applications requires delamination into functional nanosheets. Delamination via repulsive osmotic swelling is driven by thermodynamics and represents the most gentle route to obtain nematic liquid crystals consisting exclusively of single-layer nanosheets. This mechanism was, however, long limited to very few compounds, including 2:1-type clay minerals, layered titanates, or niobates. Despite the great potential of zeolites and their microporous layered counterparts, nanosheet production is challenging and troublesome, and published procedures implied the use of some shearing forces. Here, we present a scalable, eco-friendly, and utter delamination of the microporous layered silicate ilerite into single-layer nanosheets that extends repulsive delamination to the class of layered zeolites. As the sheet diameter is preserved, nematic suspensions with cofacial nanosheets of ≈9000 aspect ratio are obtained that can be cast into oriented films, e.g., for barrier applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Loch
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dominik Schuchardt
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gerardo Algara-Siller
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physics and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Markus
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Katharina Ottermann
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schwieger
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Papastavrou
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Josef Breu
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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