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Hu S, Wang W, Zhang Y, Li B, Qiu X, Zou C, Ran H, Zhang F, Ke S. Small flexible structure for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging moieties in precision medicine. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25535-48. [PMID: 27027441 PMCID: PMC5041924 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goals of precision medicine are to link diagnostic and therapeutic agents, improve clinical outcomes, and minimize side effects. We present a simple, small, flexible three-armed core structure that can be conjugated to targeting, imaging, and therapeutic moieties. The targeting molecule can be a peptide, protein, or chemical compound. The diagnostic reporter can be optical and/or nuclear in nature, and can be replaced by chemo- and/or radiotherapeutic compounds for treatment using a single targeting molecule. Imaging components can be used to detect disease biomarkers, monitor treatment response, and guide surgery in real-time to create a tumor-free margin. Isotope impurity can be exploited to visualize whole-body distribution of therapeutic agents. The one-to-one ratio of targeting component to therapeutic agents facilitates dose calculation. The simple synthesis and flexible, modular nature of the agent facilitate high-purity, large-scale production. The core capacity to "seek, treat, and see" may advance precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Hu
- UTHealth, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jiangxi Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- UTHealth, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiuchun Qiu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoxia Zou
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Henry Ran
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Ke
- UTHealth, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Bakleh M, Sol V, Estieu-Gionnet K, Granet R, Déléris G, Krausz P. An efficient route to VEGF-like peptide porphyrin conjugates via microwave-assisted ‘click-chemistry’. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Kang JH, Kuramoto M, Tsuchiya A, Toita R, Asai D, Sato YT, Mori T, Niidome T, Katayama Y. Letter: correlation between phosphorylation ratios by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis and enzyme kinetics. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2008; 14:261-265. [PMID: 18756024 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To identify the correlation between the phosphorylation ratios by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) analysis and enzyme kinetics (Km, Vmax, and Vmax/Km) is important to understand whether MALDI-TOF MS can be applied for monitoring the properties of peptides that are substrates of protein kinases. The correlation between phosphorylation ratios and enzyme kinetics was examined using peptides for protein kinase C (PKC) and for 60 kDa phosphoprotein, encoded by the cellular sarcoma gene (c-Src). Phosphorylation ratios, analyzed by MALDI-ToF MS, showed higher correlation coefficient (r = or > +0.7) for Vmax/Km compared with that (r = or < -/+0.6) for Km or Vmax. For ion modes, a higher correlation coefficient between phosphorylation ratios and Vmax/Km was identified in the positive mode (r = or > +0.7) compared to that in the negative mode (r = or < +0.5). These results suggest that MALDI-ToF MS is a useful tool to evaluate Vmax/Km of peptides for protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Zeng G, Apte U, Micsenyi A, Bell A, Monga SPS. Tyrosine residues 654 and 670 in beta-catenin are crucial in regulation of Met-beta-catenin interactions. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:3620-30. [PMID: 16952352 PMCID: PMC1820835 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
beta-Catenin, a key component of the canonical Wnt pathway, is also regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation that regulates its association to E-cadherin. Previously, we reported its association with the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor Met at the membrane. HGF induced Met-beta-catenin dissociation and nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, which was tyrosine-phosphorylation-dependent. Here, we further investigate the Met-beta-catenin interaction by selectively mutating several tyrosine residues, alone or in combination, in beta-catenin. The mutants were subcloned into FLAG-CMV vector and stably transfected into rat hepatoma cells, which were treated with HGF. All single or double-mutant-transfected cells continued to show HGF-induced nuclear translocation of FLAG-beta-catenin except the mutations affecting 654 and 670 simultaneously (Y654/670F), which coincided with the lack of formation of beta-catenin-TCF complex and DNA synthesis, in response to the HGF treatment. In addition, the Y654/670F-transfected cells also showed no phosphorylation of beta-catenin or dissociation from Met in response to HGF. Thus, intact 654 and 670 tyrosine residues in beta-catenin are crucial in HGF-mediated beta-catenin translocation, activation and mitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zeng
- Department of Pathology (CMP), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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On-resin cyclization of a head-to-tail cyclopeptide using an allyldimethylsilyl polystyrene resin pre-loaded by metathesis. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Imhof D, Nothmann D, Zoda MS, Hampel K, Wegert J, Böhmer FD, Reissmann S. Synthesis of linear and cyclic phosphopeptides as ligands for theN-terminal SH2-domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. J Pept Sci 2005; 11:390-400. [PMID: 15635669 DOI: 10.1002/psc.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Linear and cyclic phosphopeptides related to the pY2267 binding site of the epithelial receptor tyrosine kinase Ros have been synthesized as ligands for the amino-terminal SH2 (src homology) domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. The synthesis was accomplished by Fmoc-based solid-phase methodology using side-chain unprotected phosphotyrosine for the linear and mono-benzyl protected phosphotyrosine for the cyclic peptides. According to molecular modelling, the incorporation of a glycine residue between Lys (position pY-1 relative to phosphotyrosine) and Asp or Glu (position pY+2) was recommended for the cyclic candidates. The preparation of these peptides was successfully performed by the incorporation of a Fmoc-Xxx(Gly-OAll)-OH (Xxx = Asp, Glu) dipeptide building block that was prepared in solution prior to SPPS. The cyclization was achieved with PyBOP following Alloc/OAll-deprotection. This study demonstrates the usefulness of allyl-type protecting groups for the generation of side-chain cyclized phosphopeptides. Alloc/OAll-deprotection and cyclization are compatible with phosphorylated tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Imhof
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biological-Pharmaceutical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Prabhu NV, Siddiqui SA, McMurray JS, Pettitt BM. Structural basis for the activity of pp60(c-src) protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biopolymers 2001; 59:167-79. [PMID: 11391566 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(200109)59:3<167::aid-bip1016>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Conformational searches on three closely related pp60(c-src) protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors of varying potencies were performed to determine a structural basis for their activity. The first was a linear peptide (PDNEYAFFQf), the second its 10-membered cyclic analogue, and the third a cyclic analogue with a para carboxyphenylalanine in place of one the F residues. A common backbone conformation with an antiparallel beta-sheet-like geometry capped by similar beta-turns was found for all three peptides, which may be a binding conformation and gives a candidate pharmacophore for further testing. The interaction between some polar side chains and between some of the aromatic rings may be important for maintaining the correct conformation. The differences in potencies of these inhibitors may be attributed to certain thermodynamic and chemical reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5641, USA
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Nishikawa K, Sawasdikosol S, Fruman DA, Lai J, Songyang Z, Burakoff SJ, Yaffe MB, Cantley LC. A peptide library approach identifies a specific inhibitor for the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase. Mol Cell 2000; 6:969-74. [PMID: 11090635 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(05)00085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We utilized a novel peptide library approach to identify specific inhibitors of ZAP-70, a protein Tyr kinase involved in T cell activation. By screening more than 6 billion peptides oriented by a common Tyr residue for their ability to bind to ZAP-70, we determined a consensus optimal peptide. A Phe-for-Tyr substituted version of the peptide inhibited ZAP-70 protein Tyr kinase activity by competing with protein substrates (K(I) of 2 microM). The related protein Tyr kinases, Lck and Syk, were not significantly inhibited by the peptide. When introduced into intact T cells, the peptide blocked signaling downstream of ZAP-70, including ZAP-70-dependent gene induction, without affecting upstream Tyr phosphorylation. Thus, screening Tyr-oriented peptide libraries can identify selective peptide inhibitors of protein Tyr kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishikawa
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Roura S, Miravet S, Piedra J, García de Herreros A, Duñach M. Regulation of E-cadherin/Catenin association by tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:36734-40. [PMID: 10593980 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.51.36734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is frequently associated to tyrosine phosphorylation of p120- and beta-catenins. We have examined the role of this modification in these proteins in the control of beta-catenin/E-cadherin binding using in vitro assays with recombinant proteins. Recombinant pp60(c-src) efficiently phosphorylated both catenins in vitro, with stoichiometries of 1.5 and 2.0 mol of phosphate/mol of protein for beta-catenin and p120-catenin, respectively. pp60(c-src) phosphorylation had opposing effects on the affinities of beta-catenin and p120 for the cytosolic domain of E-cadherin; it decreased (in the case of beta-catenin) or increased (for p120) catenin/E-cadherin binding. However, a role for p120-catenin in the modulation of beta-catenin/E-cadherin binding was not observed, since addition of phosphorylated p120-catenin did not modify the affinity of phosphorylated (or unphosphorylated) beta-catenin for E-cadherin. The phosphorylated Tyr residues were identified as Tyr-86 and Tyr-654. Experiments using point mutants in these two residues indicated that, although Tyr-86 was a better substrate for pp60(c-src), only modification of Tyr-654 was relevant for the interaction with E-cadherin. Transient transfections of different mutants demonstrated that Tyr-654 is phosphorylated in conditions in which adherens junctions are disrupted and evidenced that binding of beta-catenin to E-cadherin in vivo is controlled by phosphorylation of beta-catenin Tyr-654.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roura
- Unitat de Biologia Cellular i Molecular, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/. Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Cabrele C, Langer M, Beck-Sickinger AG. Amino Acid Side Chain Attachment Approach and Its Application to the Synthesis of Tyrosine-Containing Cyclic Peptides. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo982402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Langer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Ramdas L, Obeyesekere NU, Sun G, McMurray JS, Budde RJ. N-myristoylation of a peptide substrate for Src converts it into an apparent slow-binding bisubstrate-type inhibitor. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1999; 53:569-77. [PMID: 10424353 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.1999.00063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of a peptide substrate to a potent inhibitor by chemical modification is a promising approach in the development of inhibitors for protein tyrosine kinases. N-acylation of the synthetic peptide substrate NH2-Glu-Phe-Leu-Tyr-Gly-Val-Phe-Asp-CONH2 (EFLYGVFD) resulted in synergistic inhibition of Src protein kinase activity that was greater than the inhibition by either free peptide and/or free acyl group. Synergistic inhibition was dependent upon the peptide sequence and the length of the acyl chain. The minimum length of the fatty acyl chain to synergistically inhibit Src was a lauryl (C11H23CO) group. N-myristoylated EFLYGVFD (myr-EFLYGVFD) inhibited the phosphorylation of poly E4Y by Src with an apparent Ki of 3 microm, whereas EFLYGVFD and myristic acid inhibited with Ki values of 260 and 35 microm, respectively. The nonacylated EFLYGVFD was a substrate for Src with Km and Vmax values of 100 microm and 400 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. However, upon myristoylation, the peptide was no longer a substrate for Src. Both the acylated and non-acylated peptides were competitive inhibitors against the substrate poly E4Y. The non-acylated free peptide showed mixed inhibition against ATP while the myristoylated peptide was competitive against ATP. Myristic acid was uncompetitive against poly E4Y and competitive against ATP. Further analysis indicated that the myristoylated peptide acted as a reversible slow-binding inhibitor with two binding sites on Src. The myristoylated 8-mer peptide was reduced in size to a myristoylated 3-mer without losing the affinity or characteristics of a bisubstrate-type inhibitor. The conversion of a classical reversible inhibitor to a reversible slow-binding multisubstrate analogue has improved the potency of inhibition by the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ramdas
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Schilling B, Wang W, McMurray JS, Medzihradszky KF. Fragmentation and sequencing of cyclic peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization post-source decay mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 1999; 13:2174-2179. [PMID: 10523777 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19991115)13:21<2174::aid-rcm771>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of synthetic cyclic decapeptides and other smaller cyclic peptides were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The investigated compounds were cyclized in a head-to-tail manner and contained non-proteinaceous amino acids, such as D-phenylalanine, D,L-4-carboxyphenylalanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, and were synthesized in a program to develop inhibitors of pp60(c-src) (Src), a tyrosine kinase that is involved in signal transduction and growth regulation. Post-source decay (PSD) spectra of the cyclic peptides featured abundant sequence ions. Two preferential ring opening reactions were detected resulting in linear fragment ions with an N-terminus of proline and a C-terminus of glutamic acid, respectively. MALDI-PSD spectra even permitted de novo sequencing of some cyclic peptides. Systematic studies on cyclic peptides using this method of fragmentation have not been reported to date. This work presents an easy mass spectrometric method, MALDI-PSD, for the characterization and identification of cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schilling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus, CA 94143-0446, USA
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