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Zhao H, Xu C, Wang T, Liu J. Biomimetic Construction of Artificial Selenoenzymes. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010054. [PMID: 36810385 PMCID: PMC9944854 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium exists in the form of selenocysteines in selenoproteins and plays a pivotal role in the catalytic process of the antioxidative enzymes. In order to study the structural and functional properties of selenium in selenoproteins, explore the significance of the role of selenium in the fields of biology and chemistry, scientists conducted a series of artificial simulations on selenoproteins. In this review, we sum up the progress and developed strategies in the construction of artificial selenoenzyme. Using different mechanisms from different catalytic angles, selenium-containing catalytic antibodies, semi-synthetic selenonezyme, and the selenium-containing molecularly imprinted enzymes have been constructed. A variety of synthetic selenoenzyme models have been designed and constructed by selecting host molecules such as cyclodextrins, dendrimers, and hyperbranched polymers as the main scaffolds. Then, a variety of selenoprotein assemblies as well as cascade antioxidant nanoenzymes were built by using electrostatic interaction, metal coordination, and host-guest interaction. The unique redox properties of selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) can be reproduced.
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Essential Protective Role of Catalytically Active Antibodies (Abzymes) with Redox Antioxidant Functions in Animals and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073898. [PMID: 35409256 PMCID: PMC8999700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the life of aerobic organisms, the oxygen resulting from numerous reactions is converted into reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many ROS are dangerous due to their high reactivity; they are strong oxidants, and react with various cell components, leading to their damage. To protect against ROS overproduction, enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems are evolved in aerobic cells. Several known non-enzymatic antioxidants have a relatively low specific antioxidant activity. Superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin, and the peroxiredoxin families are the most important enzyme antioxidants. Artificial antibodies catalyzing redox reactions using different approaches have been created. During the past several decades, it has been shown that the blood and various biological fluids of humans and animals contain natural antibodies that catalyze different redox reactions, such as classical enzymes. This review, for the first time, summarizes data on existing non-enzymatic antioxidants, canonical enzymes, and artificial or natural antibodies (abzymes) with redox functions. Comparing abzymes with superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxide-dependent peroxidase, and H2O2-independent oxidoreductase activities with the same activities as classical enzymes was carried out. The features of abzymes with the redox activities are described, including their exceptional diversity in the optimal pH values, dependency and independence on various metal ions, and the reaction rate constants for healthy donors and patients with different autoimmune diseases. The entire body of evidence indicates that abzymes with redox antioxidant activities existing in the blood for a long time compared to enzymes are an essential part of the protection system of humans and animals from oxidative stress.
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Huo R, Yang L, Zhang TG, Wei JY. Human selenium-containing single-chain variable fragment with glutathione peroxidase activity protects NIH3T3 fibroblast against oxidative damage. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pan T, Liu Y, Si C, Bai Y, Qiao S, Zhao L, Xu J, Dong Z, Luo Q, Liu J. Construction of ATP-Switched Allosteric Antioxidant Selenoenzyme. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiezheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chengye Si
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yushi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shanpeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Linlu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zeyuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Quan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
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Vogel ER, Jackson W, Masterson DS. Efficient Esterification of Oxidized l-Glutathione and Other Small Peptides. Molecules 2015; 20:10487-95. [PMID: 26060914 PMCID: PMC6272753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized l-glutathione was esterified to the tetra methyl ester using thionyl chloride in methanol solvent. Other alcohols were tested and the reaction progress was monitored via ESI-MS. This procedure proved to be compatible with other small peptides not containing serine and cysteine residues. In contrast to previously reported methods this procedure provided convenient access to esterified peptides requiring no purification, extended reaction times, or complicated reaction setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Vogel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
| | - William Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
| | - Douglas S Masterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
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Tolmacheva AS, Blinova EA, Ermakov EA, Buneva VN, Vasilenko NL, Nevinsky GA. IgG abzymes with peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities from the sera of healthy humans. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:565-80. [PMID: 25946706 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present the evidence showing that small fractions of electrophoretically homogeneous immunoglobulin G (IgGs) from the sera of healthy humans and their Fab and F(ab)2 fragments oxidize 3,3'-diaminobenzidine through a peroxidase activity in the presence of H2 O2 and through an oxidoreductase activity in the absence of H2 O2 . During purification on protein G-Sepharose and gel filtration, the polyclonal IgGs partially lose the Me(2+) ions. After extensive dialysis of purified Abs against agents chelating metal ions, the relative peroxidase activity decreased dependently of IgG analyzed from 100 to ~10-85%, while oxidoreductase activity from 100 to 14-83%. Addition of external metal ions to dialyzed and non-dialyzed IgGs leads to a significant increase in their activity. Chromatography of the IgGs on Chelex non-charged with Cu(2+) ions results in the adsorption of a small IgG fraction bound with metal ions (~5%), while Chelex charged with Cu(2+) ions bind additionally ~38% of the total IgGs. Separation of Abs on both sorbents results in IgG separation to many different subfractions demonstrating various affinities to the chelating resin and different levels of the specific oxidoreductase and peroxidase activities. In the presence of external Cu(2+) ions, the specific peroxidase activity of several IgG subfractions achieves 20-27 % as compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP, taken for 100%). The oxidoreductase activity of these fractions is ~4-6-fold higher than that for HRP. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases are known to represent critical defence mechanisms for preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. Peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of human IgGs could also play an important role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress and toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Tolmacheva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentiev Ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Blinova
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Ermakov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nataliya L Vasilenko
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentiev Ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Zhang W, Luo Q, Wang X, Zhang D, Miao L, Xu J, Luo G, Shen J, Liu J. Engineering human seleno-glutaredoxin containing consecutive rare codons as an artificial glutathione peroxidase. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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DESIGN OF GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE MIMICS BASED ON PROTEIN SCAFFOLDS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2011.11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Huang X, Liu X, Luo Q, Liu J, Shen J. Artificial selenoenzymes: Designed and redesigned. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1171-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xu J, Song J, Su J, Wei J, Yu Y, Lv S, Li W, Nie G. A new human catalytic antibody Se-scFv-2D8 and its selenium-containing single domains with high GPX activity. J Mol Recognit 2009; 23:352-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Engineered selenium-containing glutaredoxin displays strong glutathione peroxidase activity rivaling natural enzyme. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:900-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Xu J, Song J, Yan F, Chu H, Luo J, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Luo G, Zheng Q, Wei J. Improving GPX activity of selenium-containing human single-chain Fv antibody by site-directed mutation based on the structural analysis. J Mol Recognit 2009; 22:293-300. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Tolmacheva AS, Zaksas NP, Buneva VN, Vasilenko NL, Nevinsky GA. Oxidoreductase activities of polyclonal IgGs from the sera of Wistar rats are better activated by combinations of different metal ions. J Mol Recognit 2009; 22:26-37. [PMID: 18837443 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It was shown that IgGs purified from the sera of healthy Wistar rats contain several different bound Me2+ ions and oxidize 3,3'-diaminobenzidine through a H2O2-dependent peroxidase and H2O2-independent oxidoreductase activity. IgGs have lost these activities after removing the internal metal ions by dialysis against EDTA. External Cu2+ or Fe2+ activated significantly both activities of non-dialysed IgGs containing different internal metals (Fe > or = Pb > or = Zn > or = Cu > or = Al > or = Ca > or = Ni > or = Mn > Co > or = Mg) showing pronounced biphasic dependencies corresponding to approximately 0.1-2 and approximately 2-5 mM of Me2+, while the curves for Mn2+ were nearly linear. Cu2+ alone significantly stimulated both the peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of dialysed IgGs only at high concentration (> or = 2 mM), while Mn2+ weakly activated peroxidase activity at concentration >3 mM but was active in the oxidoreductase oxidation at a low concentration (<1 mM). Fe2+-dependent peroxidase activity of dialysed IgGs was observed at 0.1-5 mM, but Fe2+ was completely inactive in the oxidoreductase reaction. Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Al2+ and especially Co2+ and Ni2+ were not able to activate dialysed IgGs, but slightly activated non-dialysed IgGs. The use of the combinations of Cu2+ + Mn2+, Cu2+ + Zn2+, Fe2+ + Mn2+, Fe2+ + Zn2+ led to a conversion of the biphasic curves to hyperbolic ones and in parallel to a significant increase in the activity as compared with Cu2+, Fe2+ or Mn2+ ions taken separately; the rates of the oxidation reactions, catalysed by non-dialysed and dialysed IgGs, became comparable. Mg2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ markedly activated the Cu2+-dependent oxidation reactions catalysed by dialysed IgGs, while Ca2+ inhibited these reactions. A possible role of the second metal in the oxidation reactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Tolmacheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk, Russia
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Huo R, Wei J, Xu J, Lv S, Zheng Q, Yan F, Su J, Fan J, Li J, Duan Y, Yu Y, Jin F, Sun W, Shi Y, Cong D, Li W, Yan G, Luo G. Human catalytic antibody Se-scFv-B3 with high glutathione peroxidase activity. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:324-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Ikhmyangan EN, Vasilenko NL, Sinitsina OI, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Substrate specificity of rat sera IgG antibodies with peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities. J Mol Recognit 2007; 19:432-40. [PMID: 16835846 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that intact IgGs from the sera of healthy Wistar rats oxidize 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the presence and in the absence of H(2)O(2) similar to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Here we demonstrate for the first time that the peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of IgGs can efficiently oxidize not only DAB but also o-phenylendiamine, phenol, p-dihydroquinone, alpha-naphthol, and NADH but, in contrast to HRP, cannot oxidize adrenalin. In contrast to IgGs, HRP cannot oxidize phenol, p-dihydroquinone, or alpha-naphthol in the absence of H(2)O(2). In contrast to plant and mammalian peroxidases, IgGs were more universal in their metal dependence. The specific wide repertoire of polyclonal peroxidase and oxidoreductase IgGs oxidizing various substances could play an important role in protecting the organism from oxidative stress and serve as an additional natural system destroying different toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdenechimeg N Ikhmyangan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentieva Avenue, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Falck JR, Sangras B, Capdevila JH. Preparation of N-tBoc L-glutathione dimethyl and di-tert-butyl esters: versatile synthetic building blocks. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 15:1062-6. [PMID: 17070060 PMCID: PMC1766940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The title l-glutathione derivatives, containing acid- and base-labile esters, respectively, were obtained in good overall yields. N-(t)Boc l-glutathione dimethyl ester was prepared via Fischer esterification of l-glutathione disulfide (GSSG) using HCl in dry methanol, protection of the amine with (t)Boc(2)O, and tributylphosphine cleavage of the disulfide in wet isopropanol. Alternatively, Fischer esterification and (t)Boc-protection of l-glutathione (GSH) also furnished N-(t)Boc glutathione dimethyl ester accompanied by a small amount of S-(t)Boc that was removed chromatographically. The di-tert-butyl ester was obtained by S-palmitoylation of GSH in TFA as solvent, N-(t)Boc-protection, esterification using (t)BuOH mediated by diisopropylcarbodiimide/copper(I) chloride, and saponification of the thioester. These l-glutathione derivatives are versatile synthetic building blocks for the preparation of S-glutathione adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Falck
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
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Ikhmyangan EN, Vasilenko NL, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Metal ions-dependent peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of polyclonal IgGs from the sera of Wistar rats. J Mol Recognit 2006; 19:91-105. [PMID: 16416456 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present evidence showing that a small fraction of electrophoretically homogeneous IgGs from the sera of healthy Wistar rats is bound with several different Me2+ ions and oxidizes 3,3'-diaminobenzidine through a peroxidase activity in the presence of H2O2 and through an oxidoreductase activity in the absence of H2O2. During purification on Protein A-Sepharose and gel filtration, the polyclonal IgGs partially lose the Me2+ ions. Therefore, in the absence of external metal ions, the specific peroxidase activity of IgGs from the sera of different rats varied in the range 1.6-26% and increased up to 13-198% after addition of Fe2+ or Cu2+ ions as compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP, taken for 100%). The oxidoreductase activity of HRP is 24-fold lower than its peroxidase activity, while oxidoreductase and peroxidase activities of IgGs are comparable. Oxidoreductase activities of different IgGs in the absence of external metal ions varied from 22 to 800%, and in the presence of Fe2+ or Cu2+ ions, from 37 to 1100% in comparison with the HRP oxidoreductase activity (100%). Chromatography of the IgGs on Chelex-100 leads to the adsorption of a small IgG fraction bound with metal ions and to its separation to many different subfractions demonstrating various affinities to the chelating resin and increased levels of the specific oxidoreductase and peroxidase activities. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases are known to represent critical defense mechanisms for preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. Peroxidase and oxidoreductase activity of antibodies may play an important role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress and toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdenechimeg N Ikhmyangan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk, Russia
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Zhang K, Zang TZ, Yang W, Sun Y, Mu Y, Liu JQ, Shen JC, Luo GM. Single Chain Antibody Displays Glutathione S-Transferase Activity. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:12516-20. [PMID: 16507568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513596200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate binding and the subsequent reaction are the two principal phenomena that underlie the activity of enzymes, and many enzyme-like catalysts were generated based on the phenomena. The single chain variable region fragment of antibody 2F3 (scFv2F3) was elicited against hapten GSH-S-DN2phBu, a conjugate of glutathione (GSH), butyl alcohol, and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB); it can therefore bind both GSH and CDNB, the substrates of native glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). It was shown previously that there is a serine residue that is the catalytic group of GST in the CDR regions of scFv2F3 close to the sulfhydryl of GSH. Thus, we anticipated that scFv2F3 will display GST activity. The experimental results showed that scFv2F3 indeed displayed GST activity that is equivalent to the rat-class GST T-2-2 and exhibited pH- and temperature-dependent catalytic activity. Steady-state kinetic studies showed that the Km values for the substrates are close to those of native GSTs, indicating that scFv2F3 has strong affinities for the substrates. Compared with some other GSTs, its kcat value was found to be low, which could be caused by the similarity between the GSH-S-DN2phBu and the reaction product of GSH and CDNB. These results showed that our approach to imitating enzymes is correct, which is that an active site may catalyze a chemical reaction when a catalytic group locates beside a substrate-binding site of a receptor. It is important to consider product inhibition in hapten design in order to obtain a mimic with a high catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 13002, People's Republic of China
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Pariagh S, Tasker KM, Fry FH, Holme AL, Collins CA, Okarter N, Gutowski N, Jacob C. Asymmetric organotellurides as potent antioxidants and building blocks of protein conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:975-80. [PMID: 15750638 DOI: 10.1039/b500409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New asymmetric organotellurides exhibiting good antioxidant properties in vitro and in cell culture can be attached to human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pariagh
- Biocatalysis Centre, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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Zhang Y, Li ZS, Sun M, Zheng QC, Sun CC. Molecular simulation studies of a selenium-containing scFv catalytic antibody that mimics glutathione peroxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2005; 1747:27-34. [PMID: 15680236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Revised: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
GPX is a mammalian antioxidant selenoenzyme which protects biomembranes and other cellular components from oxidative damage by catalyzing the reduction of a variety of hydroperoxides (ROOH), using Glutathione (GSH) as the reducing substrate. The single-chain Fv fragment of the monoclonal antibody 2F3 (scFv2F3) can be converted into the selenium-containing Se-scFv2F3 by chemical modification of the serine. The new selenium-containing catalytic antibody Se-scFv2F3 acts as a glutathione peroxidase (GPX) mimic with high catalytic efficiency. In order to investigate which residue of scFv2F3 is converted into selenocysteine and to describe the proper reaction site of GSH to Se-scFv2F3, a three-dimensional structure of scFv2F3 is built by means of homology modeling. The 3D model is assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to determine its stability and by comparison with those of known protein structures. After the serine in the scFv2F3 is modified to selenocysteine, a catalytic antibody (abzyme) is obtained. From geometrical considerations, the solvent-accessible surface of the protein is examined. The computer-aided docking and energy minimization (EM) calculations of the abzyme-GSH complex are then carried out to explore the possible active site of the glutathione peroxidase mimic Se-scFv2F3. The structural information from the theoretically modeled complex can help us to further understand the catalytic mechanism of GPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, PR China
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Sun Y, Li T, Chen H, Zhang K, Zheng K, Mu Y, Yan G, Li W, Shen J, Luo G. Selenium-containing 15-Mer Peptides with High Glutathione Peroxidase-like Activity. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:37235-40. [PMID: 15148324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403032200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is one of the most crucial antioxidant enzymes in a variety of organisms. Here we described a new strategy for generating a novel GPX mimic by combination of a phage-displayed random 15-mer peptide library followed by computer-aided rational design and chemical mutation. The novel GPX mimic is a homodimer consisting of a 15-mer selenopeptide with an appropriate catalytic center, a specific binding site for substrates, and high catalytic efficiency. Its steady state kinetics was also studied, and the values of k(cat)/K(m)(GSH) and k(cat)/ K(mH(2)O(2)) were found to be similar to that of native GPX and the highest among the existing GPX mimics. Moreover, the novel GPX mimic was confirmed to have a strong antioxidant ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation by measuring the content of malondialdehyde, cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Importantly, the novel GPX mimic can penetrate into the cell membrane because of its small molecular size. These characteristics endue the novel mimic with potential perspective for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Changchun, Peoples Republic of China
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You D, Ren X, Xue Y, Luo G, Yang T, Shen J. A selenium-containing single-chain abzyme with potent antioxidant activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 270:4326-31. [PMID: 14622297 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal metabolic activities and are thought to be the cause of many diseases. A selenium-containing single-chain abzyme 2F3 (Se-2F3-scFv) that imitates glutathione peroxidase has been produced which has the capacity to remove ROS. To evaluate the antioxidant ability of Se-2F3-scFv, we constructed a ferrous sulfate/ascorbate (Vc/Fe2+)-induced mitochondrial damage model system and investigated the capacity of Se-2F3-scFv to protect mitochondria from oxidative damage. Se-2F3-scFv markedly decreased mitochondrial swelling, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and maintained the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, in comparison with Ebselen, a well-studied glutathione peroxidase mimic, indicating that Se-2F3-scFv has potential for treating diseases mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin You
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, P R China
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