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Amini N, Maleki A, Rezaee R, Shahmoradi B, Mohammadi E, Safari M, Daraie H. Fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles immobilized onto deoxyribonucleic acid template: application for electrochemical detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Balakrishnan A, Groeneveld JD, Pokhrel S, Mädler L. Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles: Precursor Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:6390-6406. [PMID: 33326141 PMCID: PMC8247956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fascination with and the need for evermore increasing efficiency, power, or strength have been the cornerstones for developing new materials and methods for their creation. Higher solar cell conversion efficiencies, increased battery storage power, and lightweight strong materials are some that have been at the forefront of attention for these efforts. Materials created for most applications start as simple chemical compounds. A study of how these chemicals have been used in the past can be used to create new materials and new methods of production. Herein, a class of materials that are valuable in a multitude of applications, metal sulfide nanoparticles, are examined, along with how they are being produced and how new methods can be established that will help to standardize and increase production capabilities. Precursor–solvent combinations that can be used to create metal sulfide nanoparticles in the gas phase are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Balakrishnan
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1.,Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Derk Groeneveld
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1.,Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1.,Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1.,Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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3
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Cui C, Park DH, Ahn DJ. Organic Semiconductor-DNA Hybrid Assemblies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002213. [PMID: 33035387 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are photonic and electronic materials with high luminescence, quantum efficiency, color tunability, and size-dependent optoelectronic properties. The self-assembly of organic molecules enables the establishment of a fabrication technique for organic micro- and nano-architectures with well-defined shapes, tunable sizes, and defect-free structures. DNAs, a class of biomacromolecules, have recently been used as an engineering material capable of intricate nanoscale structuring while simultaneously storing biological genetic information. Here, the up-to-date research on hybrid materials made from organic semiconductors and DNAs is presented. The trends in photonic and electronic phenomena discovered in DNA-functionalized and DNA-driven organic semiconductor hybrids, comprising small molecules and polymers, are observed. Various hybrid forms of solutions, arrayed chips, nanowires, and crystalline particles are discussed, focusing on the role of DNA in the hybrids. Furthermore, the recent technical advances achieved in the integration of DNAs in light-emitting devices, transistors, waveguides, sensors, and biological assays are presented. DNAs not only serve as a recognizing element in organic-semiconductor-based sensors, but also as an active charge-control material in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Dong Hyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Dong June Ahn
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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4
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Construction of manganese oxide nanowire-like cluster arrays on a DNA template: Application to detection of hydrogen peroxide. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 132:107419. [PMID: 31837615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improved electron transfer properties and catalytic activity of manganese oxide (MnOx) was demonstrated following its electrochemical deposition on a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) modified glassy carbon electrode. The MnOx showed different morphologies, electrocatalytic properties and electrochemical kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy showed that electrodeposition of MnOx on a bare glassy carbon electrode led to the formation of irregular-shapes while a nanowire cluster (NWC) was formed on a GCE/DNA due to the DNA serving as a template. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed lower charge transfer resistance of the MnOxNWC compared with MnOx. A new mechanism is presented for the electrodeposition of MnOx on the surface of a GC/DNA electrode. An electrochemical biosensor was fabricated based on depositing MnOx onto a glassy carbon /DNA electrode (GCE/DNA/MnOxNWC) and was used to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The MnOx nanowire cluster and DNA exhibited significant electrocatalytic activity for simultaneous electrocatalytic oxidation at two oxidation potentials (0.6 V and 0.98 V vs Ag/AgCl) and one reduction potential (-0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl) for H2O2 at pH 6.0. A new mechanism for the detection of H2O2 is presented. Excellent electrocatalytic activity, stability and facility for simultaneous detection of H2O2 at different of applied potentials are proposed advantages of the proposed electrochemical biosensor.
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Sannaikar MS, Inamdar LS, Pujar GH, Wari MN, Balasinor NH, Inamdar SR. Comprehensive study of interaction between biocompatible PEG-InP/ZnS QDs and bovine serum albumin. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 33:495-504. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Sannaikar
- Laser Spectroscopy Programme and UGC-CPEPA, Department of Physics; Karnatak University; Dharwad Karnataka India
| | - Laxmi S. Inamdar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Department of Zoology; Karnatak University; Dharwad Karnataka India
| | - G. H. Pujar
- Laser Spectroscopy Programme and UGC-CPEPA, Department of Physics; Karnatak University; Dharwad Karnataka India
| | - M. N. Wari
- Laser Spectroscopy Programme and UGC-CPEPA, Department of Physics; Karnatak University; Dharwad Karnataka India
| | - Nafisa H. Balasinor
- Neuroendocrinology Department; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health; Parel Mumbai India
| | - S. R. Inamdar
- Laser Spectroscopy Programme and UGC-CPEPA, Department of Physics; Karnatak University; Dharwad Karnataka India
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Maleki A, Daraei H, Amini N. Electrocatalytic activity of manganese oxide nanosphere immobilized onto deoxyribonucleic acid modified electrode: Application to determine environmental pollutant thiourea at natural pH. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 504:579-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Mandal RP, De S. Organized assemblies of AOT determine nanoparticle characteristics and their performance as FRET donors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Woodall DL, Tobias AK, Jones M. Resolving carrier recombination in CdS quantum dots: A time-resolved fluorescence study. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sharifi E, Salimi A, Shams E, Noorbakhsh A, Amini MK. Shape-dependent electron transfer kinetics and catalytic activity of NiO nanoparticles immobilized onto DNA modified electrode: Fabrication of highly sensitive enzymeless glucose sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Noor MO, Petryayeva E, Tavares AJ, Uddayasankar U, Algar WR, Krull UJ. Building from the “Ground” Up: Developing interfacial chemistry for solid-phase nucleic acid hybridization assays based on quantum dots and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Hernández-Gil J, Ferrer S, Castiñeiras A, Liu-González M, Lloret F, Ribes Á, Čoga L, Bernecker A, Mareque-Rivas JC. Two Novel Ternary Dicopper(II) μ-Guanazole Complexes with Aromatic Amines Strongly Activated by Quantum Dots for DNA Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:578-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4027249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Gil
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés
Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot,
Valencia, Spain
| | - Sacramento Ferrer
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés
Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot,
Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Castiñeiras
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario
Sur, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Malva Liu-González
- S.C.S.I.E., Universitat de València, Dr.
Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Lloret
- Institut
de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedràtic
José Beltrán n° 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela Ribes
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés
Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot,
Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucija Čoga
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés
Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot,
Valencia, Spain
| | - Anja Bernecker
- Cooperative Centre for Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan C. Mareque-Rivas
- Cooperative Centre for Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Departmento
de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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12
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Label-free sensing of thrombin based on quantum dots and thrombin binding aptamer. Talanta 2013; 107:140-5. [PMID: 23598204 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A facile and sensitive label-free approach for detection of thrombin based on CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is presented. The crude QDs can be "activated" with fluorescence enhancement by adding extra Cd(2+) to the solution in basic medium. As a result, the positively charged Cd(2+)-activating CdTe QDs could interact with the negatively charged TBA, leading to fluorescence quenching. When thrombin was added, TBA was induced to form a G-quadruplex structure and combined specifically with its target, releasing the QDs with a recovery of the fluorescence intensity. The sensing approach is based on the strongly specific interactions between TBA and thrombin over the electrostatic interactions between TBA and positively charged QDs. Based on the fluorescence enhancement of QDs, selective detection of thrombin was successfully achieved. A linear response for thrombin was observed in the range from 1.4 nM to 21 nM with a detection limit of 0.70 nM.
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Pednekar PP, Jadhav KR, Kadam VJ. Aptamer-dendrimer bioconjugate: a nanotool for therapeutics, diagnosis, and imaging. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1273-88. [PMID: 22897588 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.716421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aptamers hold great promise as molecular tool in biomedical applications due to the therapeutic utility exhibited by their target specificity and sensitivity. Although current development of aptamer is hindered by its probable in vivo degradation, inefficient immobilization on probe surface, and generation of low detection signal, bioconjugation with nanomaterials can feasibly solve these problems. Nanostructures such as dendrimers, with multivalency and nonimmunogenicity, bioconjugated with aptamers have opened newer vistas for better pharmaceutical applications of aptamers. AREAS COVERED This review covers brief overview of aptamers and dendrimers, with specific focus on recent progresses of aptamer-dendrimer (Apt-D) bioconjugate in areas of targeted drug delivery, diagnosis, and molecular imaging along with the discussion on the currently available conjugates, using their in vitro and in vivo results. EXPERT OPINION The novel Apt-D bioconjugates have led to advances in targeting cancer cell, have amplified biosensing, and offered in vivo cell imaging. Because of the unique properties and applications, Apt-D bioconjugate propose an exciting future. However, further research in synthesis of new target-specific aptamers and their conjugation with dendrimers is required to establish full potential of Apt-D bioconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti P Pednekar
- University of Mumbai, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, CBD Belapur, Sector-8, Navi-Mumbai-400614, India.
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Son JS, Park K, Kwon SG, Yang J, Choi MK, Kim J, Yu JH, Joo J, Hyeon T. Dimension-controlled synthesis of CdS nanocrystals: from 0D quantum dots to 2D nanoplates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2394-402. [PMID: 22641481 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The dimension-controlled synthesis of CdS nanocrystals in the strong quantum confinement regime is reported. Zero-, one-, and two-dimensional CdS nanocrystals are selectively synthesized via low-temperature reactions using alkylamines as surface-capping ligands. The shape of the nanocrystals is controlled systematically by using different amines and reaction conditions. The 2D nanoplates have a uniform thickness as low as 1.2 nm. Furthermore, their optical absorption and emission spectra show very narrow peaks indicating extremely uniform thickness. It is demonstrated that 2D nanoplates are generated by 2D assembly of CdS magic-sized clusters formed at the nucleation stage, and subsequent attachment of the clusters. The stability of magic-sized clusters in amine solvent strongly influences the final shapes of the nanocrystals. The thickness of the nanoplates increases in a stepwise manner while retaining their uniformity, similar to the growth behavior of inorganic clusters. The 2D CdS nanoplates are a new type of quantum well with novel nanoscale properties in the strong quantum confinement regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Son
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical, Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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15
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Karan S, Majumder M, Mallik B. Controlled surface trap state photoluminescence from CdS QDs impregnated in poly(methyl methacrylate). Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1220-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Ghosh D, Mondal S, Ghosh S, Saha A. Protein conformation driven biomimetic synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Saha K, Bajaj A, Duncan B, Rotello VM. Beauty is skin deep: a surface monolayer perspective on nanoparticle interactions with cells and bio-macromolecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1903-18. [PMID: 21671432 PMCID: PMC3516997 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface recognition of biosystems is a critical component in the development of novel biosensors and delivery vehicles, and for the therapeutic regulation of biological processes. Monolayer-protected nanoparticles present a highly versatile scaffold for selective interaction with bio-macromolecules and cells. Through the engineering of the monolayer surface, nanoparticles can be tailored for surface recognition of biomolecules and cells. This review highlights recent progress in nanoparticle-bio-macromolecule/cellular interactions, emphasizing the effect of the surface monolayer structure on the interactions with proteins, DNA, and cell surfaces. The extension of these tailored interactions to hybrid nanomaterials, biosensing platforms, and delivery vehicles is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
| | - Bradley Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
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18
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Das P, Zhong W, Claverie JP. Copolymer nanosphere encapsulated CdS quantum dots prepared by RAFT copolymerization: synthesis, characterization and mechanism of formation. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Houlton A, Watson SMD. DNA-based nanowires. Towards bottom-up nanoscale electronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ic90017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Rizvi SB, Ghaderi S, Keshtgar M, Seifalian AM. Semiconductor quantum dots as fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bio-molecular and cellular imaging. NANO REVIEWS 2010; 1:NANO-1-5161. [PMID: 22110865 PMCID: PMC3215221 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, biological imaging has seen many advances, allowing scientists to unfold many of the mysteries surrounding biological processes. The ideal imaging resolution would be in nanometres, as most biological processes occur at this scale. Nanotechnology has made this possible with functionalised nanoparticles that can bind to specific targets and trace processes at the cellular and molecular level. Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are luminescent particles that have the potential to be the next generation fluorophores. This paper is an overview of the basics of QDs and their role as fluorescent probes for various biological imaging applications. Their potential clinical applications and the limitations that need to be overcome have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat B Rizvi
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Singh Y, Murat P, Defrancq E. Recent developments in oligonucleotide conjugation. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:2054-70. [PMID: 20393645 DOI: 10.1039/b911431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligonucleotides (ONs) are being investigated for various therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The interest in ONs arises because of their capability to cause selective inhibition of gene expression by binding to the target DNA/RNA sequences through mechanisms such as antigene, antisense, and RNA interference. ONs with catalytic activity (ribozymes and DNAzymes) against the target sequences, and ability to bind to the target molecules (aptamers), ranging from small molecules to proteins, are also known. Therefore ONs are considered potentially useful for the treatment of viral diseases and cancer. ONs also find use in the design of DNA microchips (a powerful bio-analytical tool) and novel materials in nanotechnology. However, the clinical success achieved so far with ONs has not been satisfactory, and the major impediments have been recognised as their instability against nucleases, lack of target specificity, and poor uptake and targeted delivery. Tremendous efforts have been made to improve the ON properties by either incorporating chemical modifications in the ON structure or covalently linking (conjugation) reporter groups, with biologically relevant properties, to ONs. Conjugation is of great interest because it can be used not only to improve the existing ON properties but also to impart entirely new properties. This tutorial review focuses on the recent developments in ON conjugation, and describes the key challenges in efficient ON conjugation and major synthetic approaches available for successful ON conjugate syntheses. In addition, an overview on major classes of ON conjugates along with their use in therapeutics, diagnostics and nanotechnology is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashveer Singh
- Départment of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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22
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Jiang S, Gnanasammandhan MK, Zhang Y. Optical imaging-guided cancer therapy with fluorescent nanoparticles. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7:3-18. [PMID: 19759055 PMCID: PMC2839386 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been greatly improved with the recent developments in nanotechnology. One of the promising nanoscale tools for cancer diagnosis is fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), such as organic dye-doped NPs, quantum dots and upconversion NPs that enable highly sensitive optical imaging of cancer at cellular and animal level. Furthermore, the emerging development of novel multi-functional NPs, which can be conjugated with several functional molecules simultaneously including targeting moieties, therapeutic agents and imaging probes, provides new potentials for clinical therapies and diagnostics and undoubtedly will play a critical role in cancer therapy. In this article, we review the types and characteristics of fluorescent NPs, in vitro and in vivo imaging of cancer using fluorescent NPs and multi-functional NPs for imaging-guided cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan
- Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
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Mandal D, Hosoi H, Chatterjee U, Tahara T. Direct observation of time-dependent photoluminescence spectral shift in CdS nanoparticles synthesized in polymer solutions. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:034902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3058590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Houlton A, Pike AR, Angel Galindo M, Horrocks BR. DNA-based routes to semiconducting nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1797-806. [DOI: 10.1039/b818456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ye M, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Tan P, Tang H, Yao S. A novel method for the detection of point mutation in DNA using single-base-coded CdS nanoprobes. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:2339-45. [PMID: 19135353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for DNA point mutation detection using single-base-coded CdS nanoparticle probes is proposed. Target DNA was immobilized on core/shell Fe(3)O(4)/Au magnetic nanoparticles. Single-base-coded CdS nanoparticles, such as guanosine coded CdS (G-CdS), cytidine coded CdS (C-CdS), thymidine coded CdS (T-CdS) and adenosine coded CdS (A-CdS) were used as the probes to identify the mutation sites in DNA strand. The hybridization process of single-base-coded CdS nanoparticle probes with the mutation sites in DNA was monitored using piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The hybridization of the mutation base in DNA with its complementary base-coded CdS nanoprobes specifically caused significant changes in the resonance frequency of the QCM. Thus the base types of the mutation sites in DNA strand could be identified. The results were further confirmed by fluorescence measurement of CdS. Owing to its operation convenience and cost-effective, this DNA point mutation detection method is expected to hold a great promise in the detection of DNA point mutation and genetic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
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Xu X, Chen S, Li L, Yu G, Di C, Liu Y. Photophysical properties of polyphenylphenyl compounds in aqueous solutions and application of their nanoparticles for nucleobase sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b801984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Sarkar R, Narayanan SS, Pålsson LO, Dias F, Monkman A, Pal SK. Direct Conjugation of Semiconductor Nanocrystals to a Globular Protein to Study Protein-Folding Intermediates. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12294-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Mandal D, Chatterjee U. Synthesis and spectroscopy of CdS nanoparticles in amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:134507. [PMID: 17430047 DOI: 10.1063/1.2714553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers with the same hydrophilic but different hydrophobic blocks were used as stabilizing agents to prepare cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions containing 5% of different nonaqueous solvents: methanol, THF, and acetone. Nearly spherical nanoparticles with a fair degree of monodispersity and quantum yields of 1.5%-2% were obtained. Optical absorption band edge of the CdS nanoparticles shows a >0.5 eV blueshift compared to that of bulk CdS, indicating a high degree of quantum confinement. The absorption spectra, while insensitive to the nature of the hydrophobic blocks, exhibited a clear dependence on the nature of the minor, nonaqueous solvents. The photoluminescence in all cases was broad and redshifted, indicating a predominance of surface trap-state emission. Time-resolved photoluminescence demonstrates that the trap states are populated within the first 500 fs, followed by decay with a broad range of time constants from 0.1 to >10 ns, low energy traps decaying at a slower rate than high-energy ones. Time-resolved photoluminescence anisotropy revealed that the nanoparticles experience a local microviscosity very similar to that of bulk water. The experimental observations suggest that nanoparticle formation takes place predominantly in the hydrophilic corona region of the micelles, around specific points with high local concentration of the Cd+2-coordinating basic amine groups of hydrophilic block and/or the minor, nonaqueous solvent component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, India.
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Cai W, Hsu AR, Li ZB, Chen X. Are quantum dots ready for in vivo imaging in human subjects? NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2007; 2:265-281. [PMID: 21394238 PMCID: PMC3050636 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-007-9061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to profoundly transform the nature of cancer diagnosis and cancer patient management in the future. Over the past decade, quantum dots (QDs) have become one of the fastest growing areas of research in nanotechnology. QDs are fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles suitable for multiplexed in vitro and in vivo imaging. Numerous studies on QDs have resulted in major advancements in QD surface modification, coating, biocompatibility, sensitivity, multiplexing, targeting specificity, as well as important findings regarding toxicity and applicability. For in vitro applications, QDs can be used in place of traditional organic fluorescent dyes in virtually any system, outperforming organic dyes in the majority of cases. In vivo targeted tumor imaging with biocompatible QDs has recently become possible in mouse models. With new advances in QD technology such as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, synthesis of smaller size non-Cd based QDs, improved surface coating and conjugation, and multifunctional probes for multimodality imaging, it is likely that human applications of QDs will soon be possible in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Cai
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Andrew R Hsu
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Zi-Bo Li
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
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30
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Spriet C, Trinel D, Waharte F, Deslee D, Vandenbunder B, Barbillat J, Héliot L. Correlated fluorescence lifetime and spectral measurements in living cells. Microsc Res Tech 2007; 70:85-94. [PMID: 17152071 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies of proteins' interaction in cells by FRET can take benefit from two important photo-physical properties describing fluorescent proteins: fluorescence emission spectrum and fluorescence lifetime. These properties provide specific and complementary information about the tagged proteins and their environment. However, none of them taken individually can completely quantify the involved fluorophore characteristics due to their multiparametric dependency with molecular environment, experimental conditions, and interpretation complexity. A solution to get a better understanding of the biological process implied at the cellular level is to combine the spectral and temporal fluorescence data acquired simultaneously at every cell region under investigation. We present the SLiM-SPRC160, an original temporal/spectral acquisition system for simultaneous lifetime measurements in 16 spectral channels directly attached to the descanned port of a confocal microscope with two-photon excitation. It features improved light throughput, enabling low-level excitation and minimum invasivity in living cells studies. To guarantee a fairly good level of accuracy and reproducibility in the measurements of fluorescence lifetime and spectra on living cells, we propose a rigorous protocol for running experiments with this new equipment that preserves cell viability. The usefulness of SLiM approach for the precise determination of overlapping fluorophores is illustrated with the study of known solutions of rhodamine. Then, we describe reliable FRET experiments in imaging mode realized in living cells using this protocol. We also demonstrate the benefit of localized fluorescence spectrum-lifetime acquisitions for the dynamic study of fluorescent proteins. proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Spriet
- Biophotonique Cellulaire Fonctionnelle, FRE 2963, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, 59021 Lille Cedex, France
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31
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Abstract
The emerging nanomaterial, quantum dots or QDs, offers numerous potential applications in the biological area. As cell labeling probes, QDs become now an alternative of existing organic fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins. In this short review, we cover typical and successful applications of QDs as fluorescent probes in cell labeling and genomic diagnosis. As a future important application, biomolecular detection at a single molecule level utilizing QDs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritada Kaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan.
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Abstract
In this contribution, we have studied structural and photophysical properties of aggregated CdS quantum dots (QDs) capped with 2-mercaptoethanol in aqueous medium. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nanostructures in aqueous solution was found to be approximately 160 nm with the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, which is in close agreement with atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies (diameter approximately 150 nm). However, the UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies confirm the average particle size (QD) in the nanoaggregate to be 4.0 +/- 0.5 nm. The steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence studies on the QDs further confirm preservation of electronic band structure of the QDs in the nanoaggregate. To study the nature of the nanoaggregate we have used small fluorescent probes, which are widely used as biomolecular ligands (2,6-p-toluidinonaphthalene sulfonate (TNS) and Oxazine 1), and found the pores of the aggregate to be hydrophobic in nature. The significantly large spectral overlap of the host quantum dots (donor) with that of the guest fluorescent probe Oxazine 1 (acceptor) allows us to carry out Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies to estimate average donor-acceptor distance in the nanostructure, found to be approximately 25 Angstrom. The quantum dot aggregate and the characterization techniques reported here could have implications in the future application of the QD-nanoaggregate as host of small ligand molecules of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shankara Narayanan
- Unit for Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
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Kim J, Wong CY, Nair PS, Fritz KP, Kumar S, Scholes GD. Mechanism and Origin of Exciton Spin Relaxation in CdSe Nanorods. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:25371-82. [PMID: 17165984 DOI: 10.1021/jp0644816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of exciton spin relaxation in CdSe nanorods of various sizes and shapes are measured by an ultrafast transient polarization grating technique. The measurement of the third-order transient grating (3-TG) signal utilizing linear cross-polarized pump pulses enables us to monitor the history of spin relaxation among the bright exciton states with a total angular momentum of F = +/-1. From the measured exciton spin relaxation dynamics, it is found that the effective mechanism of exciton spin relaxation is sensitive to the size of the nanorod. Most of the measured cross-polarized 3-TG signals show single-exponential spin relaxation dynamics, while biexponential spin relaxation dynamics are observed in the nanorod of the largest diameter. This analysis suggests that a direct exciton spin flip process between the bright exciton states with F = +/-1 is the dominant spin relaxation mechanism in small nanocrystals, and an indirect spin flip via the dark states with F = +/-2 contributes as the size of the nanocrystal increases. This idea is examined by simulations of 3-TG signals with a kinetic model for exciton spin relaxation considering the states in the exciton fine structure. Also, it is revealed that the rate of exciton spin relaxation has a strong correlation with the diameter, d, of the nanorod, scaled by the power law of 1/d4, rather than other shape parameters such as length, volume, or aspect ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Kim
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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35
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Wang L, Tao XT, Shi JH, Yu XQ, Jiang MH. Conjugated Chromophore Near the Quantum-Confined Cadmium Sulfide Cluster: Quenched Photoluminescence and Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:19711-6. [PMID: 17004841 DOI: 10.1021/jp061337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quenching effect of the photoluminescence of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-pyridylvinyl)benzene in the presence of CdS colloids stabilized by inverse micelles was observed. The observed regularities of luminescence quenching by the quenchers of different size were studied. An increase in the two-photon absorption cross section (6.5 times higher) and in the two-photon-induced fluorescence intensity was observed for the composite solution when pumped by 740-nm laser irradiation. The results are in accord with theoretical prediction of enhancement of third-order optical nonlinearity of quantum-confined semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
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36
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Ince R, Narayanaswamy R. Analysis of the performance of interferometry, surface plasmon resonance and luminescence as biosensors and chemosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Majumdar G, Gogoi SK, Paul A, Chattopadhyay A. Lithography for imprinting colored patterns with quantum dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:3439-44. [PMID: 16548613 DOI: 10.1021/la052731o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report a new form of lithography that involves a reaction between a gas and an ion embedded in a polymer film. The principle is based on a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches in which a transmission electron microscope grid is placed on a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) film containing Cd2+ ions, which is then exposed to H2S gas. This leads to the generation of a fluorescent yellow pattern due to the formation of CdS nanoparticles on exposed parts of the film. Also, we have used the same method to generate patterns in two colors by starting with a green fluorescent dye incorporated into the film and following the same procedure in which patterned yellow-orange CdS nanoaparticles are distributed over the background fluorescence of the dye. We have used fluorescence microscopy, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction methods for the characterization of the products and patterns. This method could possibly be a fairly general method of generating patterned materials on 2D and 3D substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
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38
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You CC, Verma A, Rotello VM. Engineering the nanoparticle-biomacromolecule interface. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:190-204. [PMID: 32646145 DOI: 10.1039/b517354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer-protected nanoparticles feature tunable size, surface functionality and core material, providing scaffolds for targeting biomacromolecules. This review highlights recent advances in nanoparticle-biomacromolecule interactions, focusing on two key areas: (1) The modulation of structure and function of biomacromolecules through engineered interactions with nanoparticle surfaces; (2) The use of biomacromolecules as building blocks for nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Ayush Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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39
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Katz E, Willner I. Integrated nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrid systems: synthesis, properties, and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 43:6042-108. [PMID: 15538757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1631] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, such as metal or semiconductor nanoparticles and nanorods, exhibit similar dimensions to those of biomolecules, such as proteins (enzymes, antigens, antibodies) or DNA. The integration of nanoparticles, which exhibit unique electronic, photonic, and catalytic properties, with biomaterials, which display unique recognition, catalytic, and inhibition properties, yields novel hybrid nanobiomaterials of synergetic properties and functions. This review describes recent advances in the synthesis of biomolecule-nanoparticle/nanorod hybrid systems and the application of such assemblies in the generation of 2D and 3D ordered structures in solutions and on surfaces. Particular emphasis is directed to the use of biomolecule-nanoparticle (metallic or semiconductive) assemblies for bioanalytical applications and for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenii Katz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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40
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Abstract
Robust and bright light emitters, semiconductor nanocrystals [quantum dots (QDs)] have been adopted as a new class of fluorescent labels. Six years after the first experiments of their uses in biological applications, there have been dramatic improvements in understanding surface chemistry, biocompatibility, and targeting specificity. Many studies have shown the great potential of using quantum dots as new probes in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the recent advances of quantum dot usage at the cellular level, including immunolabeling, cell tracking, in situ hybridization, FRET, in vivo imaging, and other related technologies. Limitations and potential future uses of quantum dot probes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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41
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Special-Purpose Modifications and Immobilized Functional Nucleic Acids for Biomolecular Interactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/b136673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Szaciłowski K, Macyk W, Drzewiecka-Matuszek A, Brindell M, Stochel G. Bioinorganic photochemistry: frontiers and mechanisms. Chem Rev 2005; 105:2647-94. [PMID: 15941225 DOI: 10.1021/cr030707e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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43
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Kulkarni SK, Ethiraj AS, Kharrazi S, Deobagkar DN, Deobagkar DD. Synthesis and spectral properties of DNA capped CdS nanoparticles in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:95-102. [PMID: 15967356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Revised: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of novel cadmium sulphide nanoparticles has been carried out in aqueous and non-aqueous media. DNA has been added during the synthesis of the nanoparticles, which results into cadmium-rich nanoparticles forming a stable complex with DNA. These particles exhibit strong fluorescence, spectral nature of which depends upon the medium in which the particles are synthesized. When interacted with proteins, fluorescence peak intensity of CdS nanoparticles increases considerably. It is possible that such CdS nanoparticles would be useful as a protein sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kulkarni
- Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India.
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44
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Dyadyusha L, Yin H, Jaiswal S, Brown T, Baumberg JJ, Booy FP, Melvin T. Quenching of CdSe quantum dot emission, a new approach for biosensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3201-3. [PMID: 15968371 DOI: 10.1039/b500664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emission of CdSe quantum dots linked to the 5'-end of a DNA sequence is efficiently quenched by hybridisation with a complementary DNA strand with a gold nanoparticle attached at the 3'-end; contact of the quantum dot and gold nanoparticle occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dyadyusha
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
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45
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Nanoparticle-based optical biosensors for the direct detection of organophosphate chemical warfare agents and pesticides. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Wang CW, Moffitt MG. Surface-tunable photoluminescence from block copolymer-stabilized cadmium sulfide quantum dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:11784-11796. [PMID: 15595812 DOI: 10.1021/la048390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The static and time-resolved photoluminescence properties of polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA)-stabilized cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) have been characterized for the first time, demonstrating tunable emission spectra and quantum yields via different chemical treatments of the PAA layer. Samples with the PAA layer in its cadmium carboxylate form showed more-intense band-edge emission and relatively high quantum yields compared with samples in which the PAA layer was in its acid form. This activation effect is explained in terms of passivation of trap sites on the QD surface by specific interactions between the QD and the cadmium-neutralized PAA layer. Lifetimes of band-edge and trap state emission for the various samples ranged from 40 to 61 ns and 244 to 360 ns, respectively. Impressive long-term stability was also shown for a sample of cadmium-neutralized PS-b-PAA-stabilized QDs dispersed in toluene, which maintained 90% of its photoluminescence over 57 days aging under ambient conditions. It is also shown that Cd2+ activation of photoluminescence does not occur when Mg2+ ions are added to similar QD solutions, indicating potential of these block copolymer-stabilized QDs as Cd2+-selective sensors. Irrespective of chemical treatment of the PAA layer, the external PS brush layer effectively stabilized all samples in various organic solvents, resulting in clear CdS colloids with no observed precipitation over several months. Dynamic light scattering and gel permeation chromatography revealed differences in the aggregation numbers and hydrodynamic radii of colloidal QDs for different treatments of the PAA layer, attributed to the lower solubility of the poly(cadmium acrylate) blocks compared to the PAA blocks in the acid form. Finally, it was demonstrated that the PS-b-PAA-stabilized QDs could be well dispersed in PS homopolymer, producing optically transparent photoluminescent films which retained the emission features of the colloidal QDs. Stable and surface-tunable optical properties via the PAA layer and polymer solubility and processability via the PS layer make these PS-b-PAA-stabilized CdS QDs exciting "building blocks" for the bottom-up assembly of functional hierarchical materials for photonics, sensors, and bio-labeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6 Canada
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47
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Katz E, Willner I. Integrierte Hybridsysteme aus Nanopartikeln und Biomolekülen: Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Shi J, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Baeyens WR, Garcı́a-Campaña AM. Recent developments in nanomaterial optical sensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(04)00519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Maroulis G, Pouchan C. Size and Electric Dipole (Hyper)polarizability in Small Cadmium Sulfide Clusters: An ab Initio Study on (CdS)n, n = 1, 2, and 4. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027082t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Maroulis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale, UMR 5624, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, F-64000 Pau, France
| | - Claude Pouchan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale, UMR 5624, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, F-64000 Pau, France
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50
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Lakowicz JR, Gryczynski I, Piszczek G, Murphy CJ. Emission Spectral Properties of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles with Multiphoton Excitation. J Phys Chem B 2002; 106:5365-5370. [PMID: 31903048 PMCID: PMC6941905 DOI: 10.1021/jp0134953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the luminescence spectral properties of CdS nanoparticles with multiphoton excitation. Three types of CdS nanoparticles were examined which were a CdS/dendrimer composite which displays high anisotropy, Cd2+-enriched nanoparticles which display two emission maxima, and polyphosphate-stabilized nanoparticles which display long wavelength emission. Illumination with long wavelengths near 700-790 nm resulted in two-photon excitation. Essentially the same emission spectra and intensity decays were observed with one-photon and two-photon excitation. Comparison with fluorescein indicates the NPs display large two-photon cross sections near 100 GM. The CdS/dendrimer and Cd2+-enriched CdS nanoparticles displayed large anisotropy values with two-photon excitation, substantially larger than with one-photon excitation. It appears that semiconductor nanoparticles are comparable to organic fluorophores which display the same spectral properties with one-photon and two-photon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Lakowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Gregorz Piszczek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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