1
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Feng HT, Su M, Rifai FN, Li P, Li SFY. Parallel analysis and orthogonal identification of N-glycans with different capillary electrophoresis mechanisms. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 953:79-86. [PMID: 28010746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The deep involvement of glycans or carbohydrate moieties in biological processes makes glycan patterns an important direction for the clinical and medicine researches. A multiplexing CE mapping method for glycan analysis was developed in this study. By applying different CE separation mechanisms, the potential of combined parallel applications of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) for rapid and accurate identification of glycan was investigated. The combination of CZE and MEKC demonstrated enhancing chromatography separation capacity without the compromises of sample pre-treatment and glycan concentration. The separation mechanisms for multiplexing platform were selected based on the orthogonalities of the separation of glycan standards. MEKC method exhibited promising ability for the analysis of small GU value glycans and thus complementing the unavailability of CZE. The method established required only small amount of samples, simple instrument and single fluorescent labelling for sensitive detection. This integrated method can be used to search important glycan patterns appearing in biopharmaceutical products and other glycoproteins with clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Min Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Farida Nur Rifai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Pingjing Li
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Sam F Y Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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2
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Annenkov VV, Verkhozina ON, Shishlyannikova TA, Danilovtseva EN. Application of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in analysis: Fluorescent dyes and unexpected reaction with tertiary amines. Anal Biochem 2015; 486:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Mittermayr S, Bones J, Guttman A. Unraveling the Glyco-Puzzle: Glycan Structure Identification by Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4228-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4006099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittermayr
- Horváth
Laboratory of
Bioseparation Sciences, Regional Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jonathan Bones
- NIBRT−The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - András Guttman
- Horváth
Laboratory of
Bioseparation Sciences, Regional Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-PE Translational Glycomics
Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprem,
Hungary
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4
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Analysis of Reducing Carbohydrates and Fructosyl Saccharides in Maple Syrup and Maple Sugar by CE. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Wunschel DS, Wahl KL, Melville AM, Sorensen CM, Colburn HA, Valentine NB, Stamper CL. Determination of post-culture processing with carbohydrates by MALDI-MS and TMS derivatization GC–MS. Talanta 2011; 85:2352-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Harvey DJ. Derivatization of carbohydrates for analysis by chromatography; electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1196-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Yang Z, Li Z, Zhu J, Wang Q, He P, Fang Y. Use of different buffers for detection and separation in determination of physio-active components in oolong tea infusion by CZE with amperometric detection. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1312-8. [PMID: 20309896 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With a view of simultaneous determination of physio-active ingredients in oolong tea infusion: sugars, amino acids, epigallocatechin gallate and ascorbic acid, a novel CZE with amperometric detection method was studied. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, 100 mmol/L NaOH was used in detecting cell to lead the electrocatalysis oxidation behaviors of the analytes on a 300 mum diameter copper-disc electrode (working electrode), while in separating capillary, a mild alkaline running buffer consisting in a mixture of 30 mmol/L borate and 40 mmol/L phosphates charged and carried analytes to detecting end. The methodology research was performed for system stability and suitability. Under the optimal CE conditions, analytes could be separated within moderate time period. Good linearity between peak area and concentration existed over three orders of magnitude; lower RSD and LOD were achieved. The oolong tea infusion was assayed and result was satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
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8
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Hammad LA, Derryberry DZ, Jmeian YR, Mechref Y. Quantification of monosaccharides through multiple-reaction monitoring liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using an aminopropyl column. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1565-1574. [PMID: 20486252 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and reproducible quantitative liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was designed for the simultaneous quantification of monosaccharides derived from glycoprotein and blood serum using a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. Sialic acids and neutral monosaccharides were efficiently separated using an amino-bonded silica phase column. Neutral monosaccharide molecules were detected as their aldol acetate anion adducts [M + CH(3)CO(2)](-) using electrospray ionization in negative ion MRM mode, while sialic acids were detected as deprotonated ions [M-H](-). The new method did not require a reduction step, and exhibited very high sensitivity to carbohydrates with limits of detection of 1 pg for the sugars studied. The linearity of the described approach spanned over three orders of magnitude (pg to ng). The method was validated for monosaccharides originating from N-linked glycans attached to glycoproteins and glycoproteins found in human blood serum. The method effectively quantified monosaccharides originating from as little as 1 microg of glycoprotein and 5 microL of blood serum. The method was robust, reproducible, and highly sensitive. It did not require reduction, derivatization or postcolumn addition of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna A Hammad
- METACyt Biochemical Analysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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9
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Jiang W, Wysocki VH, Dodds ED, Miesfeld RL, Scaraffia PY. Differentiation and quantification of C1 and C2 (13)C-labeled glucose by tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2010; 404:40-4. [PMID: 20447372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fragmentation patterns of various (13)C-labeled glucose molecules were analyzed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Derivatization of glucose to yield methylglucosamine makes the C-C bond between C1 and C2 a favored cleavage site. This is in contrast to underivatized glucose, which favorably undergoes loss of a fragment containing both C1 and C2. Based on the fragmentation pattern of methylglucoasmine, we developed a method to distinguish and quantify C1 and C2 (13)C-labeled glucose by derivatization with methylamine followed by multiple reaction monitoring scans in a Q-trap mass spectrometer. Fragment ion ratios in the tandem mass spectra showed an isotope effect with (13)C or deuterium labeling, so a "correction factor" was introduced to make the quantification more accurate. The current approach can be applied to individually monitor the metabolic origin and fate of C1 and C2 atoms in (13)C-labeled glucose. This method provides a new means of quantifying glucose isotopomers in metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USA
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10
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Kapková P. Mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates labeled with a biotinylated tag. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2775-2784. [PMID: 19639610 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A derivatization method for mass spectrometric analysis of oligosaccharides is presented. Small saccharides, complex, high-mannose-type oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides released from hen ovalbumin were converted into their biotin derivatives by incubating them with biotinamidocaproyl hydrazide (BACH). Improved sensitivity of mass spectrometric analysis of labeled glycans in comparison with their natural counterparts was achieved after derivatization. The labeling reagent contains a biotin handle at one end and a hydrazide group at the other. Hence, the key feature of biotinylated sugars is that in addition to their usefulness in functional studies (e.g. analysis of the interaction between lectins and biotin-derivatized oligosaccharides) they might be utilized also for structural analysis of oligosaccharides. Mass spectrometric studies were performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kapková
- Department of Parmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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11
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Hammad LA, Saleh MM, Novotny MV, Mechref Y. Multiple-reaction monitoring liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for monosaccharide compositional analysis of glycoproteins. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1224-1234. [PMID: 19318280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and rapid quantitative LC-MS/MS assay was designed for the simultaneous quantification of free and glycoprotein bound monosaccharides using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. This study represents the first example of using LC-MS/MS methods to simultaneously quantify all common glycoprotein monosaccharides, including neutral and acidic monosaccharides. Sialic acids and reduced forms of neutral monosaccharides are efficiently separated using a porous graphitized carbon column. Neutral monosaccharide molecules are detected as their alditol acetate anion adducts [M + CH(3)CO(2)](-) using electrospray ionization in negative ion MRM mode, while sialic acids are detected as deprotonated ions [M - H](-). The new method exhibits very high sensitivity to carbohydrates with limits of detection as low as 1 pg for glucose, galactose, and mannose, and below 10 pg for other monosaccharides. The linearity of the described approach spans over three orders of magnitudes (pg to ng). The method effectively quantified monosaccharides originating from as little as 1 microg of fetuin, ribonuclease B, peroxidase, and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein human (AGP) with results consistent with literature values and with independent CE-LIF measurements. The method is robust, rapid, and highly sensitive. It does not require derivatization or postcolumn addition of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna A Hammad
- METACyt Biochemical Analysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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12
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Tseng HM, Gattolin S, Pritchard J, Newbury HJ, Barrett DA. Analysis of mono-, di- and oligosaccharides by CE using a two-stage derivatization method and LIF detection. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1399-405. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Mechref Y, Novotny MV. Glycomic analysis by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:207-222. [PMID: 18973241 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of multiple glycosylation sites on a protein, together with the number of glycan structures which could potentially be associated with each site (microheterogeneity) often leads to a large number of structural combinations. These structural variations increase with the molecular size of a protein, thus contributing to the complexity of glycosylation patterns. Resolving such fine structural differences has been instrumentally difficult. The degree of glycoprotein microheterogeneity has been analytically challenging in the identification of unique glycan structures that can be crucial to a distinct biological function. Despite the wealth of information provided by the most powerful mass spectrometric (MS) and tandem MS techniques, they are not able to readily identify isomeric structures. Although various separation methods provide alternatives for the analysis of glycan pools containing isomeric structures, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is often the method of choice for resolving closely related glycan structures because of its unmatched separation efficiency. It is thus natural to consider combining CE with the MS-based technologies. This review describes the utility of different CE approaches in the structural characterization of glycoproteins, and discusses the feasibility of their interface to mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry, National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, METACyt Biochemical Analysis Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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14
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Pabst M, Kolarich D, Pöltl G, Dalik T, Lubec G, Hofinger A, Altmann F. Comparison of fluorescent labels for oligosaccharides and introduction of a new postlabeling purification method. Anal Biochem 2008; 384:263-73. [PMID: 18940176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Labeling of oligosaccharides with fluorescent dyes is the prerequisite for their sensitive analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this work, we present a fast new postlabeling cleanup procedure that requires no device other than the reaction vial itself. The procedure can be applied to essentially all labeling reagents. We also compare the performance of 15 different labels for N-glycan analysis in various analytical procedures. We took special care to prevent obscuring influences from incomplete derivatization and signal quenching by impurities. Procainamide emerged as more sensitive than anthranilic acid for normal-phase HPLC, but its chromatographic performance was not convincing. 2-aminopyridine was the label with the lowest retention on reversed-phase and graphitic carbon columns and, thus, appears to be most suitable for glycan fractionation by multidimensional HPLC. Most glycan derivatives performed better than native sugars in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray ionization-MS (ESI-MS), but the gain was small and hardly sufficient to compensate for sample loss during preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Bao Y, Newburg DS. Capillary electrophoresis of acidic oligosaccharides from human milk. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2508-15. [PMID: 18512675 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interest in defining the array of oligosaccharides of human milk has been increasing. Pathogens that bind glycans on their host mucosal surfaces may be inhibited by human milk oligosaccharides. It has been postulated that acidic oligosaccharides in human milk may inhibit binding by pathogens that bind acidic glycans in the gut, but testing this hypothesis requires their reliable quantification in milk. Sialyloligosaccharides of human milk have been quantified by HPLC and CE. A recent CE technique uses the MEKC mode with direct detection at 205 nm to resolve and quantify, in the native form, the 12 most dominant sialyloligosaccharides of human milk in a single 35-min run. The method gives a linear response from 39 to 2500 microg/mL with a coefficient of variation between 2 to 9% and accuracy from 93 to 109%. This was used to detect variation in expression of specific sialyloligosaccharides in milk. Individual sialyloligosaccharide concentrations in milk differ among individual donors and between less and more mature milk. Thus, CE can be used to measure variation in sialyloligosaccharide expression in milk, and thereby test the relationship of this variation-to-variation in risk of specific diseases in breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Bao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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16
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Sanz ML, Martínez-Castro I. Recent developments in sample preparation for chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:74-89. [PMID: 17257608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a very important group of compounds due to their roles as structural materials, sources of energy, biological functions and environmental analytes; they are characterized by their structural diversity and the high number of isomers they present. While many advances have been made in carbohydrate analysis, the sample preparation remains difficult. This review aims to summarize the most important treatments which have been recently developed to be applied prior to the analysis of carbohydrates by chromatographic techniques. Due to the multiplicity of structures and matrices, many different techniques are required for clean-up, fractionation and derivatization. A number of new techniques which could be potentially adequate for carbohydrate characterization have also been revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Mechref Y, Novotny MV. Miniaturized separation techniques in glycomic investigations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 841:65-78. [PMID: 16782413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-sensitivity glycomic analyses are becoming of a great interest in modern biomedical and clinical research, as well as in the development of recombinant protein products. The evolution of separation techniques for glycomic analysis at high sensitivity is highlighted in this review. These methodologies include capillary liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The potential of such methodologies in glycomic analysis is demonstrated for model glycoproteins as well as total glycomes derived from biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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18
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Hsu J, Chang SJ, Franz AH. MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS analysis of oligosaccharides labeled with a new multifunctional oligosaccharide tag. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:194-204. [PMID: 16406228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new multifunctional oligosaccharide label with a 1 degree amino-group was synthesized and characterized. The oligosaccharide label was introduced into several neutral oligosaccharides by reductive amination, and the derivatives were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) and by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. It was demonstrated that the labeling reaction was satisfactory, and that as little as 50 pmol of starting material could be efficiently labeled with minimal loss to side reactions. A mixture of high-mannose N-glycans released from ribonuclease B was labeled. The label did not appear to interfere with structural characterization of the oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry. N-quaternization of the labeled oligosaccharides resulted in significantly increased sensitivity of detection with as little as 100 fmol on the probe detected. Deuterium coding of labeled oligosaccharide mixtures and relative abundance of mixture components was investigated. A protocol for the chromatographic separation of mixtures of labeled oligosaccharides by HPLC was developed and is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, USA
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19
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Higashi Y, Nakamura S, Matsumura H, Fujii Y. Simultaneous liquid chromatographic assay of amantadine and its four related compounds in phosphate-buffered saline using 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole as a fluorescent derivatization reagent. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:423-8. [PMID: 16161183 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous HPLC assay of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride (amantadine) and its four related compounds [2-adamantanamine hydrochloride (2-ADA), 1-adamantanmethylamine (ADAMA), 1-(1-adamantyl)ethylamine hydrochloride (rimantadine) and 3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantanamine hydrochloride (memantine)] in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) after pre-column derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) was developed. Phosphate-buffered saline samples were mixed with borate buffer and NBD-F solution in acetonitrile at 60 degrees C for 5 min and injected into HPLC. Five derivatives were well separated from each other. The lower limits of detection of amantadine, 2-ADA, ADAMA, rimantadine and memantine were 0.008, 0.001, 0.0008, 0.0015 and 0.01 microg/mL, respectively. The coefficients of variation for intra- and inter-day assay were less than 6.4 and 8.2%, respectively. The method presented was applied to a binding study of these compounds to human alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein. While affinity constants and capacities for ADAMA, rimantadine and memantine were calculated by means of Scatchard plots, those for the others were not determined. ADAMA, rimantadine and memantine were bound with different affinities and capacities. These results indicate that NBD-F is a good candidate as a fluorescent reagent to simultaneously determine amantadine and its four related compounds by HPLC after pre-column derivatization. Our method can be applied to binding studies for protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Higashi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3, Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan.
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20
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Dowlut M, Hall DG, Hindsgaul O. Investigation of Nonspecific Effects of Different Dyes in the Screening of Labeled Carbohydrates against Immobilized Proteins. J Org Chem 2005; 70:9809-13. [PMID: 16292809 DOI: 10.1021/jo051503w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Carbohydrates play an important role in life processes, and combinatorial chemistry can provide useful sources of thousands of synthetic carbohydrates as potential ligands for biological receptors. To accelerate the detection of positive hits arising from specific interactions between a carbohydrate and a protein, the use of fluorescent dyes can serve as a reliable detecting tool. A study of labeled carbohydrates to lectins conjugated to a solid-support shows that succinimidyl 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)hexanoate (NBD-X) dye provides by far the lowest level of nonspecific interaction with immobilized protein. This observation is in stark contrast with the commonly used labeling reagents constituted of charged and aromatic groups, for instance, FITC and TAMRA dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Dowlut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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21
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Higashi Y, Matsumura H, Fujii Y. Determination of fluvoxamine in rat plasma by HPLC with pre-column derivatization and fluorescence detection using 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:771-6. [PMID: 15856488 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, simple and reliable method using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay of fluvoxamine (FLU), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), in rat plasma after pre-column derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) was developed in this study. Extracted plasma samples were mixed with NBD-F at 60 degrees C for 5 min and injected into HPLC. Retention times of FLU and an internal standard (propafenone) derivative were 15.5 and 13.5 min, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the range 0.015-1.5 microg/mL (r2 = 0.9985) and the lower limits of detection and quantification of FLU were 0.008 and 0.015 microg/mL, respectively, in 100 microL of plasma. The derivative sample was stable at 4 degrees C for 1 day. The coefficients of variation for intra-day and inter-day assay of FLU were less than 8.3 and 9.6%, respectively. Other SSRIs and centrally acting drugs did not interfere with the peak of the FLU derivative. The method was applied for analysis of the plasma samples from rats treated with FLU. These results indicate that the method presented is useful to determine the FLU levels in rat plasma of volumes as small as 100 microL and can be applied to pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Higashi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3, Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Honda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakee, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Lamari FN, Kuhn R, Karamanos NK. Derivatization of carbohydrates for chromatographic, electrophoretic and mass spectrometric structure analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 793:15-36. [PMID: 12880852 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, either alone or as constituents of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids, are mediators of several cellular events and (patho)physiological processes. Progress in the "glycome" project is closely related to the analytical tools used to define carbohydrate structure and correlate structure with function. Chromatography, electrophoresis and mass spectrometry are the indispensable analytical tools of the on-going research. Carbohydrate derivatization is required for most of these analytical procedures. This review article gives an overview of derivatization methods of carbohydrates for their liquid chromatographic and electrophoretic separation, as well as the mass spectrometric characterization. Pre-column and on-capillary derivatization methods are presented with special emphasis on the derivatization of large carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Lamari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 261 10, Patras, Greece
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Wang X, Wang Q, Chen Y, Han H. Determination of carbohydrates as their 3-aminophthalhydrazide derivatives by capillary zone electrophoresis with on-line chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2003; 992:181-91. [PMID: 12735474 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A method based on pre-capillary derivatization with luminol (3-aminophthalhydrazide) for carbohydrate analysis using capillary electrophoresis with on-line chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed. The derivatives of seven monosaccharides were separated and detected by using 200 mM borate buffer containing 100 mM hydrogen peroxide at pH 10.0 as separation electrolyte and 25 mM hexacyanoferrate in 3 M sodium hydroxide solution as post-capillary chemiluminescence reagent with separation efficiencies ranging from 160,000 to 231,000 plates per metre. The minimum amount of carbohydrate derivatized was 2 pmol (corresponding to the concentration of 2 microM). The method also provided a linear response for glucose in the concentration range of 0.1-250 microM with a mass detection limit of 420 amol or a concentration detection limit of 0.1 microM. Preliminary work using the CE-CL format to determine glucose in a rat brain microdialysis sample is presented as a typical case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2709, Beijing 100080, China.
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25
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Imai K. Analytical Chemical Studies on High-Performance Recognition and Detection of Bio-molecules in Life. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2003; 123:901-17. [PMID: 14631753 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.123.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanism for maintaining life of animals based on the search of dynamics of biomolecules, I have developed several sensitive and selective methods for their quantification. Using the methods of derivatization with the developed benzofurazan fluorogenic reagents (4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), ammonium 7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 4-sulfonate (SBD-F) and etc.) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)--fluorescence detection, a certain kind of biological and clinical importance was demonstrated of chiral bio-molecules (D-amino acids, D-lactic acid and so on), peptides and proteins. The proposed method (derivatization with SBD-F, isolation of the fluorescent proteins by two-dimensional HPLC, enzymatic digestion and identification of the altered proteins by HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS with database-searching algorithm) for proteomics studies revealed the changed proteins in the islets of Langerhans of the dexamethazone-induced diabetic rats. An importance of catecholamine metabolism on the blood pressure regulation was also suggested by the method of HPLC-chemiluminescence detection of catecholamines and their 3-O-methylmetabolites. A new field of Analytical Chemistry, i.e., Bio-Analytical Chemistry, was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Imai
- Center for Research and Development, Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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26
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Lamari FN, Karamanos NK. Separation methods for sialic acids and critical evaluation of their biologic relevance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:3-19. [PMID: 12450650 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are biosynthesized by almost all organisms as a 9-carbon carboxylated monosaccharide and are integral components of glycoconjugates. More than 40 naturally occurring sialic acid derivatives of the three main forms of sialic acids, the N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acid and 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid have been identified. Due to the great importance of sialic acids as key mediators in a plethora of cellular events, including cell-cell recognition and cell-matrix interactions, their analysis in biologic samples is useful for a deeper understanding of the various (patho)physiological processes and of value in disease diagnosis and monitoring. In this review we summarize the methodology developed to isolate and liberate sialic acids from biologic samples as well as the chromatographic, electromigration and hyphenated techniques available for their separation and analysis. A critical evaluation of the biological relevance of the results obtained by analyzing sialic acids in biologic samples is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Lamari
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Natural Products, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Patras, 261 10 Patras, Greece
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1700, USA
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Yang G, Bhuvaneswari TV, Joseph CM, King MD, Phillips DA. Roles for riboflavin in the Sinorhizobium-alfalfa association. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2002; 15:456-462. [PMID: 12036276 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.5.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Genes contributing to riboflavin production in Sinorhizobium meliloti were identified, and bacterial strains that overproduce this vitamin were constructed to characterize how additional riboflavin affects interactions between alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and S. meliloti. Riboflavin-synthesis genes in S. meliloti were found in three separate linkage groups and designated as ribBA, ribDribC, and ribH for their similarities to Escherichia coli genes. The ribBA and ribC loci complemented corresponding E. coli rib mutants. S. meliloti cells containing extra copies of ribBA released 10 to 20% more riboflavin than a control strain but grew at similar rates in a defined medium lacking riboflavin. Cells carrying extra copies of ribBA colonized roots to densities that were 55% higher than that of a control strain. No effect of extra rib genes was detected on alfalfa grown in the absence or presence of combined N. These results support the importance of extracellular riboflavin for alfalfa root colonization by S. meliloti and are consistent with the hypothesis that this molecule benefits bacteria indirectly through an effect on the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Yang
- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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30
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Patrick JS, Lagu AL. Review applications of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of biotechnology-derived therapeutic proteins. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4179-96. [PMID: 11824636 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4179::aid-elps4179>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The number of proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology continues to grow at a rapid pace. In this review, the emphasis is on proteins that are of therapeutic interest. Aspects of protein analysis, such as glycoform separation of proteins produced in mammalian cells and the separation of oligosaccharides for structure elucidation, are covered. The use of antibodies as therapeutic proteins is growing and currently antibodies are the largest class of proteins produced by biotechnology. This has merited a separate section on analysis of antibodies by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Applications of mass spectrometry as an ancillary technique, used in conjunction with CE, are also covered briefly. This review covers the literature since 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Patrick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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Suzuki S, Shimotsu N, Honda S, Arai A, Nakanishi H. Rapid analysis of amino sugars by microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4023-31. [PMID: 11700736 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200110)22:18<4023::aid-elps4023>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microchip electrophoresis for the short-time analysis of amino sugars is described. D-Glucosamine, D-galactosamine and their reduced forms were labeled with 4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 7-fluoride (NBD-F) at pH 6.0 and the fluorescent derivatives were purified on an octadecyl silica (ODS) gel plate. The derivatives were analyzed by electrophoresis on a microfabricated chip with a 33 mm long separation channel with argon laser-induced fluorescence detection. Under the established conditions, these amino sugarderivatives were well separated from each other within 60 s. Amino sugars of as small an amount as 0.5 fmol could be detected with a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3, and peak response showed good linearity between at least 0.8 and 8 fmol of samples with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of ca. 4%. This method was also applied to the analysis of amino sugar composition of O-linked glycans released from bovine submaxillary mucin with alkali in the presence of borohydride. The result of amino sugar composition analysis for individual O-glycans fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography was quite useful for their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kini, University, Higashi-osaka, Japan
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