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Willink B, Tunström K, Nilén S, Chikhi R, Lemane T, Takahashi M, Takahashi Y, Svensson EI, Wheat CW. The genomics and evolution of inter-sexual mimicry and female-limited polymorphisms in damselflies. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:83-97. [PMID: 37932383 PMCID: PMC10781644 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Sex-limited morphs can provide profound insights into the evolution and genomic architecture of complex phenotypes. Inter-sexual mimicry is one particular type of sex-limited polymorphism in which a novel morph resembles the opposite sex. While inter-sexual mimics are known in both sexes and a diverse range of animals, their evolutionary origin is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genomic basis of female-limited morphs and male mimicry in the common bluetail damselfly. Differential gene expression between morphs has been documented in damselflies, but no causal locus has been previously identified. We found that male mimicry originated in an ancestrally sexually dimorphic lineage in association with multiple structural changes, probably driven by transposable element activity. These changes resulted in ~900 kb of novel genomic content that is partly shared by male mimics in a close relative, indicating that male mimicry is a trans-species polymorphism. More recently, a third morph originated following the translocation of part of the male-mimicry sequence into a genomic position ~3.5 mb apart. We provide evidence of balancing selection maintaining male mimicry, in line with previous field population studies. Our results underscore how structural variants affecting a handful of potentially regulatory genes and morph-specific genes can give rise to novel and complex phenotypic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Willink
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kalle Tunström
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nilén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rayan Chikhi
- Sequence Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Téo Lemane
- University of Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Michihiko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Immunoecology of Species with Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Strategies. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3248731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alternative reproductive tactics and strategies (ARTS) refer to polymorphic reproductive behaviours in which in addition to the usual two sexes, there are one or more alternative morphs, usually male, that have evolved the ability to circumvent direct intra-sexual competition. Each morph has its own morphological, ecological, developmental, behavioural, life-history, and physiological profile that shifts the balance between reproduction and self-maintenance, one aspect being immunity. Immunoecological work on species with ARTS, which is the topic of this review, is particularly interesting because the alternative morphs make it possible to separate the effects of sex per se from other factors that in other species are inextricably linked with sex. We first summarize the evolution, development, and maintenance of ARTS. We then review immunoecological hypotheses relevant to species with ARTS, dividing them into physiological, life-history, and ecological hypotheses. In context of these hypotheses, we critically review in detail all immunoecological studies we could find on species with ARTS. Several interesting patterns emerge. Oddly, there is a paucity of studies on insects, despite the many benefits that arise from working with insects: larger sample sizes, simple immune systems, and countless forms of alternative reproductive strategies and tactics. Of all the hypotheses considered, the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis has generated the greatest amount of work, but not necessarily the greatest level of understanding. Unfortunately, it is often used as a general guiding principle rather than a source of explicitly articulated predictions. Other hypotheses are usually considered a posteriori, but perhaps they should take centre stage. Whereas blanket concepts such as “immunocompetence” and “androgens” might be useful to develop a rationale, predictions need to be far more explicitly articulated. Integration so far has been a one-way street, with ecologists delving deeper into physiology, sometimes at the cost of ignoring their organisms’ evolutionary history and ecology. One possible useful framework is to divide ecological and evolutionary factors affecting immunity into those that stimulate the immune system, and those that depress it. Finally, the contributions of genomics to ecology are being increasingly recognized and sometimes applied to species with ARTS, but we must ensure that evolutionary and ecological hypotheses drive the effort, as there is no grandeur in the strict reductionist view of life.
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Massote C, Pessoa DMA, Peixoto PEC. The conspicuousness contradiction: brighter males have lower mating chances in the damselfly Argia hasemani but not in Argia croceipennis. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In odonates, male coloration is often more conspicuous than female coloration. This difference is frequently attributed to the role of male colour in male–male competition to access females. However, there are sexually dimorphic odonate species, such as the damselflies Argia hasemani and Argia croceipennis, in which male–male interactions are much less intense. In these species, it might be that male coloration affects male success directly when interacting with females. Therefore, we hypothesized that males with more intense coloration present higher copulation success. To investigate this hypothesis, we registered which males copulated in the field during 4 days and estimated the coloration of all observed males in the female visual spectrum. Surprisingly, we found that dull males had higher chances of copulation in A. hasemani, whereas in A. croceipennis male coloration did not influence the chances of copulation. Our data also indicated that brighter males of A. hasemani were also more conspicuous to potential avian predators, whereas this was not the case in A. croceipennis. We suggest that females of A. hasemani might avoid brighter males owing to increased risk of predation during copulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Massote
- Laboratory of Agonistic Interactions and Sexual Selection, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG , Brazil
| | - Daniel Marques Almeida Pessoa
- Laboratory of Sensory Ecology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, RN , Brazil
| | - Paulo Enrique Cardoso Peixoto
- Laboratory of Agonistic Interactions and Sexual Selection, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG , Brazil
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Abstract
AbstractIn Odonates, female colour polymorphism is common and implies the presence of two or more female types with different colours and behaviours. To explain this phenomenon, several hypotheses have been proposed that consider morph frequency, population density, the presence of parasites, and mating behaviour. We studied the blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans, a species with a blue androchrome morph and two gynochrome morphs (the common green infuscans, and the rare orange rufescens-obsoleta). The size of adult males and females, the presence of parasites, and pairing behaviour between males and the three female morphs was assessed in field conditions throughout the reproductive season in NW Italy. Moreover, growth and emergence success of larvae produced by the different morphs was analyzed in standardized conditions. In the field, males showed a preference for the gynochrome infuscans females, despite a similar frequency of androchrome females. In test conditions, male preference for the infuscans females was also observed. Paired males and paired androchrome females were larger than unpaired individuals, while there were no differences in size between paired and unpaired infuscans females. Males and androchrome females were more parasitized than infuscans females. The survival and emergence success of larvae produced by androchrome females was higher than those of offspring produced by the infuscans females. Our results suggest that a higher survival of progeny at the larval stage could counterbalance the higher parasitism and the lower pairing success of andromorph adult females and highlight the importance of considering the whole life-cycle in polymorphism studies.
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Piersanti S, Salerno G, Di Pietro V, Giontella L, Rebora M, Jones A, Fincke OM. Tests of search image and learning in the wild: Insights from sexual conflict in damselflies. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4399-4412. [PMID: 33976818 PMCID: PMC8093675 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Search image formation, a proximal mechanism to maintain genetic polymorphisms by negative frequency-dependent selection, has rarely been tested under natural conditions. Females of many nonterritorial damselflies resemble either conspecific males or background vegetation. Mate-searching males are assumed to form search images of the majority female type, sexually harassing it at rates higher than expected from its frequency, thus selectively favoring the less common morph. We tested this and how morph coloration and behavior influenced male perception and intersexual encounters by following marked Ischnura elegans and noting their reactions to conspecifics. Contrary to search image formation and associative learning hypotheses, although males encountered the minority, male-like morph more often, sexual harassment and clutch size were similar for both morphs. Prior mating attempts or copula with morphs did not affect a male's subsequent reaction to them; males rarely attempted matings with immature females or males. Females mated early in the day, reducing the opportunity for males to learn their identity beforehand. Once encountered, the male-like morph was more readily noticed by males than the alternative morph, which once noticed was more likely to receive mating attempts. Flexible behavior gave morphs considerable control over their apparency to males, influencing intersexual encounters. Results suggested a more subtle proximal mechanism than male learning maintains these color polymorphisms and call for inferences of learning to be validated by behavior of wild receivers and their signalers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia, e BiotecnologieUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Viviana Di Pietro
- Department of Life Science and SystemticsUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Leonardo Giontella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia, e BiotecnologieUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Manuela Rebora
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia, e BiotecnologieUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Albyn Jones
- Department of MathematicsReed CollegePortlandORUSA
| | - Ola M. Fincke
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
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6
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A molecularphylogeny offorktail damselflies(genus Ischnura)revealsa dynamic macroevolutionary history of female colour polymorphisms. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 160:107134. [PMID: 33677008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colour polymorphisms are popular study systems among biologists interested in evolutionary dynamics, genomics, sexual selection and sexual conflict. In many damselfly groups, such as in the globally distributed genus Ischnura (forktails), sex-limited female colour polymorphisms occur in multiple species. Female-polymorphic species contain two or three female morphs, one of which phenotypically matches the male (androchrome or male mimic) and the other(s) which are phenotypically distinct from the male (heterochrome). These female colour polymorphisms are thought to be maintained by frequency-dependent sexual conflict, but their macroevolutionary histories are unknown, due to the lack of a robust molecular phylogeny. Here, we present the first time-calibrated phylogeny of Ischnura, using a multispecies coalescent approach (StarBEAST2) and incorporating both molecular and fossil data for 41 extant species (55% of the genus). We estimate the age of Ischnura to be between 13.8 and 23.4 millions of years, i.e. Miocene. We infer the ancestral state of this genus as female monomorphism with heterochrome females, with multiple gains and losses of female polymorphisms, evidence of trans-species female polymorphisms and a significant positive relationship between female polymorphism incidence and current geographic range size. Our study provides a robust phylogenetic framework for future research on the dynamic macroevolutionary history of this clade with its extraordinary diversity of sex-limited female polymorphisms.
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7
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Goedert D, Clement D, Calsbeek R. Evolutionary trade‐offs may interact with physiological constraints to maintain color variation. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Goedert
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover03755 New Hampshire USA
- Ministry of Education of Brazil CAPES Foundation Brasília DF95616Brazil
| | - Dale Clement
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover03755 New Hampshire USA
| | - Ryan Calsbeek
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover03755 New Hampshire USA
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8
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Willink B, Duryea MC, Wheat C, Svensson EI. Changes in gene expression during female reproductive development in a color polymorphic insect. Evolution 2020; 74:1063-1081. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Willink
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Ecology BuildingLund University Lund 223–62 Sweden
- Current Address: School of BiologyUniversity of Costa Rica San José 11501–2060 Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Erik I. Svensson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Ecology BuildingLund University Lund 223–62 Sweden
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9
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Sinervo B, Chaine AS, Miles DB. Social Games and Genic Selection Drive Mammalian Mating System Evolution and Speciation. Am Nat 2019; 195:247-274. [PMID: 32017620 DOI: 10.1086/706810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mating system theory based on economics of resource defense has been applied to describe social system diversity across taxa. Such models are generally successful but fail to account for stable mating systems across different environments or shifts in mating system without a change in ecological conditions. We propose an alternative approach to resource defense theory based on frequency-dependent competition among genetically determined alternative behavioral strategies characterizing many social systems (polygyny, monogamy, sneak). We modeled payoffs for competition, neighborhood choice, and paternal care to determine evolutionary transitions among mating systems. Our model predicts four stable outcomes driven by the balance between cooperative and agonistic behaviors: promiscuity (two or three strategies), polygyny, and monogamy. Phylogenetic analysis of 288 rodent species supports assumptions of our model and is consistent with patterns of evolutionarily stable states and mating system transitions. Support for model assumptions include that monogamy and polygyny evolve from promiscuity and that paternal care and monogamy are coadapted in rodents. As predicted by our model, monogamy and polygyny occur in sister taxa among rodents more often than by chance. Transitions to monogamy also favor higher speciation rates in subsequent lineages, relative to polygynous sister lineages. Taken together, our results suggest that genetically based neighborhood choice behavior and paternal care can drive transitions in mating system evolution. While our genic mating system theory could complement resource-based theory, it can explain mating system transitions regardless of resource distribution and provides alternative explanations, such as evolutionary inertia, when resource ecology and mating systems do not match.
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10
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Svensson EI, Willink B, Duryea MC, Lancaster LT. Temperature drives pre‐reproductive selection and shapes the biogeography of a female polymorphism. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:149-159. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Willink B, Duryea MC, Svensson EI. Macroevolutionary Origin and Adaptive Function of a Polymorphic Female Signal Involved in Sexual Conflict. Am Nat 2019; 194:707-724. [DOI: 10.1086/705294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Alpedrinha J, R. Rodrigues L, Magalhães S, Abbott J. The virtues and limitations of exploring the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of sexually selected traits. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Alpedrinha
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. of Lisbon Edifício C2 PT‐1749‐016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Leonor R. Rodrigues
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. of Lisbon Edifício C2 PT‐1749‐016 Lisboa Portugal
- Stockholm Univ Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. of Lisbon Edifício C2 PT‐1749‐016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Jessica Abbott
- Biology Dept, Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Lund Univ Lund Sweden
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13
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Rivas-Torres A, Outomuro D, Lorenzo-Carballa MO, Cordero-Rivera A. The evolution and diversity of intra-male sperm translocation in Odonata: a unique behaviour in animals. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Wood C, Fitt RNL, Lancaster LT. Evolving social dynamics prime thermal tolerance during a poleward range shift. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Wood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Robert N L Fitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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15
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16
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Field tests of multiple sensory cues in sex recognition and harassment of a colour polymorphic damselfly. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Wellenreuther M, Chávez-Ríos JR, Beatty CD, Rivas-Torres A, Velasquez-Velez M, Cordero-Rivera A. Alternative reproductive strategies and the maintenance of female color polymorphism in damselflies. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5592-5602. [PMID: 28811877 PMCID: PMC5552903 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms are powerful model systems to study the maintenance of diversity in nature. In some systems, polymorphisms are limited to female coloration; these are thought to have arisen as a consequence of reducing male mating harassment, commonly resulting in negative frequency-dependent selection on female color morphs. One example is the damselfly Ischnura elegans, which shows three female color morphs and strong sexual conflict over mating rates. Here, we present research integrating male tactics, and female evolutionary strategies (female mating behavior and morph-specific female fecundity) in populations with different morph-specific mating frequencies, to obtain an understanding of mating rates in nature that goes beyond the mere measure of color frequencies. We found that female morph behavior differed significantly among but not within morphs (i.e., female morph behavior was fixed). In contrast, male tactics were strongly affected by the female morph frequency in the population. Laboratory work comparing morph-specific female fecundity revealed that androchrome females have lower fecundity than both of the gynochrome female morphs in the short term (3-days), but over a 10-day period one of the gynochrome female morphs became more fecund than either of the other morphs. In summary, our study found sex-specific dynamics in response to different morph frequencies and also highlights the importance of studying morph-specific fecundities across different time frames to gain a better understanding of the role of alternative reproductive strategies in the maintenance of female-limited color polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Sánchez-Guillén
- Instituto de Ecología AC (INECOL) Red de Biología Evolutiva Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico.,Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden.,Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Nelson New Zealand
| | - Jesús R Chávez-Ríos
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología Instituto de investigaciones biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlaxcala Mexico
| | | | - Anais Rivas-Torres
- ECOEVO Lab Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía animal Universidade de Vigo Vigo Spain
| | - María Velasquez-Velez
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática (LAZOEA) Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia
| | - Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
- ECOEVO Lab Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía animal Universidade de Vigo Vigo Spain
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18
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Debecker S, Dinh KV, Stoks R. Strong Delayed Interactive Effects of Metal Exposure and Warming: Latitude-Dependent Synergisms Persist Across Metamorphosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2409-2417. [PMID: 28146353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As contaminants are often more toxic at higher temperatures, predicting their impact under global warming remains a key challenge for ecological risk assessment. Ignoring delayed effects, synergistic interactions between contaminants and warming, and differences in sensitivity across species' ranges could lead to an important underestimation of the risks. We addressed all three mechanisms by studying effects of larval exposure to zinc and warming before, during, and after metamorphosis in Ischnura elegans damselflies from high- and low-latitude populations. By integrating these mechanisms into a single study, we could identify two novel patterns. First, during exposure zinc did not affect survival, whereas it induced mild to moderate postexposure mortality in the larval stage and at metamorphosis, and very strongly reduced adult lifespan. This severe delayed effect across metamorphosis was especially remarkable in high-latitude animals, as they appeared almost insensitive to zinc during the larval stage. Second, the well-known synergism between metals and warming was manifested not only during the larval stage but also after metamorphosis, yet notably only in low-latitude damselflies. These results highlight that a more complete life-cycle approach that incorporates the possibility of delayed interactions between contaminants and warming in a geographical context is crucial for a more realistic risk assessment in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Debecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven/University of Leuven , Charles Deberiotstraat 32 bus 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Khuong V Dinh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven/University of Leuven , Charles Deberiotstraat 32 bus 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark , Jægersborg Alle 1D, Charlottenlund 2920, Denmark
- Department of Freshwater Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University , No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Nha Trang, 650000, Vietnam
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven/University of Leuven , Charles Deberiotstraat 32 bus 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Sanmartín-Villar I, Rivas-Torres A, Gabela-Flores MV, Encalada AC, Cordero-Rivera A. Female polymorphism and colour variability in Argia oculata (Coenagrionidae: Zygoptera). NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2017.1398037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iago Sanmartín-Villar
- ECOEVO Lab, Universidade de Vigo, Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal, Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Anais Rivas-Torres
- ECOEVO Lab, Universidade de Vigo, Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal, Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María Virginia Gabela-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Instituto BIOSFERA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrea C. Encalada
- Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Instituto BIOSFERA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
- ECOEVO Lab, Universidade de Vigo, Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal, Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, Spain
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20
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Sanmartín-Villar I, Cordero-Rivera A. The inheritance of female colour polymorphism in Ischnura genei (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae), with observations on melanism under laboratory conditions. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2380. [PMID: 27635344 PMCID: PMC5012302 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research on female colour polymorphism in Ischnura damselflies suggests that a balanced fitness trade-off between morphotypes contributes to the maintenance of polymorphism inside populations. The genetic inheritance system constitutes a key factor to understand morph fluctuation and fitness. Ischnura genei, an endemic species of some Mediterranean islands, has three female colour morphs, including one androchrome (male-coloured) and two gynochromes. In this study, we reared two generations of I. genei under laboratory conditions and tested male behavioural responses to female colour morphs in the field. We recorded ontogenetic colour changes and studied morph frequency in three populations from Sardinia (Italy). Morph frequencies of laboratory crosses can be explained by a model based on an autosomal locus with three alleles and sex-restricted expression, except for one crossing of 42 families with unexpected offspring. The allelic dominance relationship was androchrome > infuscans > aurantiaca. Old individuals reared in the laboratory exhibited different levels of melanism in variable extent depending on sex and morph. Results of model presentations indicate a male preference for gynochrome females and the lack of recognition of androchromes as potential mates. Aurantiaca females were the most frequent morph in the field (63–87%). Further studies in other populations and islands are needed to understand the maintenance of this polymorphism.
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21
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Beatty CD, Andrés JA, Sherratt TN. Conspicuous Coloration in Males of the Damselfly Nehalennia irene (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae): Do Males Signal Their Unprofitability to Other Males? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142684. [PMID: 26587979 PMCID: PMC4654565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In damselflies, sexual colour dimorphism is commonly explained as a consequence of selection on traits that increase male attractiveness to females. However, while many species in the damselfly family Coenagrionidae (Insecta: Odonata) are sexually dimorphic, the males do not engage in displays, and male competition for mates resembles a “scramble”. An alternative explanation for the sexual differences in coloration within these species is that sexual dimorphism has evolved as a sex-related warning signal, with males signalling their uprofitability as mates to other males, thereby avoiding harassment from conspecifics. We evaluated an underlying assumption of the theory that male-male harassment rate is influenced by colour by comparing harassment of males of the species Nehalennia irene that had been painted to make them appear: (i) similar to an unaltered male (blue), (ii) different from a male (orange) and (iii) more similar to a female (black). When caged together we found that blue-painted males experienced significantly lower harassment than black-painted males. When unpainted males were caged with each type of painted male we found that blue-painted males and the unpainted males housed in the same cages experienced lower rates of harassment than males housed in cages where some males were painted black, suggesting that a single, reliable signal of unprofitability may benefit the individuals that carry it. While our results do not in themselves demonstrate that sexual colour dimorphism originally evolved as an intra-specific warning signal, they do show that harassment is influenced by coloration, and that such selection could conceivably maintain male coloration as a warning signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Beatty
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053–0268, United States of America
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, E149 Corson Hall, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 08053, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - José A. Andrés
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatechewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
| | - Thomas N. Sherratt
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Scent of a Dragonfly: Sex Recognition in a Polymorphic Coenagrionid. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136697. [PMID: 26305118 PMCID: PMC4549108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In polymorphic damselflies discrimination of females from males is complex owing to the presence of androchrome and gynochrome females. To date there is no evidence that damselflies use sensory modalities other than vision (and tactile stimuli) in mate searching and sex recognition. The results of the present behavioural and electrophysiological investigations on Ischnura elegans, a polymorphic damselfly, support our hypothesis that chemical cues could be involved in Odonata sex recognition. The bioassays demonstrate that males in laboratory prefer female to male odour, while no significant difference was present in male behavior between stimuli from males and control. The bioassays suggest also some ability of males to distinguish between the two female morphs using chemical stimuli. The ability of male antennae to perceive odours from females has been confirmed by electrophysiological recordings. These findings are important not only to get insight into the chemical ecology of Odonata, and to shed light into the problem of olfaction in Paleoptera, but could be useful to clarify the controversial aspects of the mating behavior of polymorphic coenagrionids. Behavioural studies in the field are necessary to investigate further these aspects.
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Bots J, Iserbyt A, Van Gossum H, Hammers M, Sherratt TN. Frequency-dependent selection on female morphs driven by premating interactions with males. Am Nat 2015; 186:141-50. [PMID: 26098345 DOI: 10.1086/681005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Species showing color polymorphisms-the presence of two or more genetically determined color morphs within a single population-are excellent systems for studying the selective forces driving the maintenance of genetic diversity. Despite a shortage of empirical evidence, it is often suggested that negative frequency-dependent mate preference by males (or diet choice by predators) results in fitness benefits for the rare female morph (or prey type). Moreover, most studies have focused on the male (or predator) behavior in these systems and largely overlooked the importance of female (or prey) resistance behavior. Here, we provide the first explicit test of the role of frequency-dependent and frequency-independent intersexual interactions in female polymorphic damselflies. We identify the stage of the mating sequence when frequency-dependent selection is likely to act by comparing indexes of male mate preference when the female has little (females presented on sticks), moderate (females in cages), and high (females free to fly in the field) ability to avoid male mating attempts. Frequency-dependent male preferences were found only in those experiments where females had little ability to resist male harassment, indicating that premating interactions most likely drive negative frequency-dependent selection in this system. In addition, by separating frequency-dependent male mating preference from the baseline frequency-independent component, we reconcile the seemingly contradictory results of previous studies and highlight the roles of both forms of selection in maintaining the polymorphism at a given equilibrium. We conclude that considering interactions among all players-here, males and females-is crucial to fully understanding the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bots
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Cordero-Rivera A, Wellenreuther M. Rapid evolution of prezygotic barriers in non-territorial damselflies. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ana Sánchez-Guillén
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus UAB 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal; Universidade de Vigo; Vigo 36002 Spain
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Mexico D.F. 04510 Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal; Universidade de Vigo; Vigo 36002 Spain
| | - Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Mexico D.F. 04510 Mexico
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Department of Biology; Lund University; Ecology Building Lund SE-223 62 Sweden
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Piersanti S, Frati F, Conti E, Gaino E, Rebora M, Salerno G. First evidence of the use of olfaction in Odonata behaviour. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 62:26-31. [PMID: 24486162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dragonflies and damselflies are among the most ancient winged insects. Adults belonging to this order are visually oriented and are considered anosmic on the basis of neuroanatomical investigations. As a consequence, the chemical ecology of these predatory insects has long been neglected. Morphological and electrophysiological data demonstrated that dragonfly antennae possess olfactory sensilla. Additionally, a neuroanatomical study revealed the presence of spherical knots in the aglomerular antennal lobe that could allow for the perception of odour. However, the biological role of the antennal olfactory sensilla remains unknown, and no bioassay showing the use of olfaction in Odonata has been performed thus far. Here, we demonstrate through behavioural assays that adults of Ischnura elegans are attracted by olfactory cues emitted by prey; furthermore, using electrophysiological single-cell recordings, we prove that the antennal olfactory sensilla of I. elegans respond to prey odour. Our results clearly demonstrate the involvement of antennal olfactory sensilla in Odonata predation, thus showing, for the first time, the use of olfaction in Odonata biology. This finding indicates that the nervous system of Odonata is able to receive and process olfactory information, suggesting that the simple organisation of the antennal lobe does not prevent the use of olfaction in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Frati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Eric Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Elda Gaino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Manuela Rebora
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Italy
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Schultz TD, Fincke OM. Lost in the crowd or hidden in the grass: signal apparency of female polymorphic damselflies in alternative habitats. Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ruiz-Guzmán G, Canales-Lazcano J, Jiménez-Cortés JG, Contreras-Garduño J. Sexual dimorphism in immune response: testing the hypothesis in an insect species with two male morphs. INSECT SCIENCE 2013; 20:620-628. [PMID: 23956189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2012.01551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that given that males should invest in sexual traits at the expense of their investment in immune response, females are better immunocompetent than males. Typically, this idea has been tested in monomorphic species, but rarely has been evaluated in polymorphic male species. We used Paraphlebia zoe, a damselfly with two male morphs: the black-winged morph (Black-W) develop black spots as sexual traits and the hyaline-winged morph (Hyaline-W) resembles a female in size and wings color. We predicted that Black-W should have a lower immune response than Hyaline-W, but that the latter males should not differ from females in this respect. Nitric oxide (NO) and phenoloxidase (PO) production, as well as hemolymph protein content, were used as immune markers. Body size (wing length) was used as an indicator of the male condition. The results show that, as we predicted, females and Hyaline-W had higher values of NO than Black-W, corresponding to differences in size. However, the opposite was found in relation to PO production. Females had the highest levels of hemolymph protein content, whereas no differences were found between Black-W and Hyaline-W. These results partially support the sexual selection hypothesis and are discussed in the context of the life history of this species. Black-W, Hyaline-W, and females could express the immune markers that are prioritized by their particular condition, and probably neither of them could express all immune markers in an elevated manner, as this would result in an excessive accumulation of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ruiz-Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad No. 655, C. P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Hammers M, Hansson B, Van Gossum H, Cordero-Rivera A, Galicia Mendoza DI, Wellenreuther M. Ontogenetic shifts in male mating preference and morph-specific polyandry in a female colour polymorphic insect. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:116. [PMID: 23742182 PMCID: PMC3691580 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual conflict over mating rates may favour the origin and maintenance of phenotypes with contrasting reproductive strategies. The damselfly Ischnura elegans is characterised by a female colour polymorphism that consists of one androchrome and two gynochrome female morphs. Previous studies have shown that the polymorphism is genetic and to a high extent maintained by negative frequency-dependent mating success that varies temporally and spatially. However, the role of learning in male mating preferences has received little attention. We used molecular markers to investigate differences in polyandry between female morphs. In addition, we experimentally investigated innate male mating preferences and experience-dependent shifts in male mating preferences for female morphs. Results Field and molecular data show that androchrome females were less polyandrous than gynochrome females. Interestingly, we found that naïve males showed significantly higher sexual preferences to androchrome than to gynochrome females in experimental trials. In contrast, experienced males showed no preference for androchrome females. Conclusions The ontogenetic change in male mate preferences occurs most likely because of learned mate recognition after experience with females, which in this case does not result in a preference for one of the morphs, but rather in the loss of an innate preference for androchrome females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ana Sánchez-Guillén
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía animal, Grupo de Ecoloxía Evolutiva e da Conservación, Universidade de Vigo EUET Forestal, Campus de Pontevedra, Pontevedra 36005, Spain.
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29
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Neff BD, Svensson EI. Polyandry and alternative mating tactics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120045. [PMID: 23339236 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species in the animal kingdom are characterized by alternative mating tactics (AMTs) within a sex. In males, such tactics include mate guarding versus sneaking behaviours, or territorial versus female mimicry. Although AMTs can occur in either sex, they have been most commonly described in males. This sex bias may, in part, reflect the increased opportunity for sexual selection that typically exists in males, which can result in a higher probability that AMTs evolve in that sex. Consequently, females and polyandry can play a pivotal role in governing the reproductive success associated with male AMTs and in the evolutionary dynamics of the tactics. In this review, we discuss polyandry and the evolution of AMTs. First, we define AMTs and review game theoretical and quantitative genetic approaches used to model their evolution. Second, we review several examples of AMTs, highlighting the roles that genes and environment play in phenotype expression and development of the tactics, as well as empirical approaches to differentiating among the mechanisms. Third, ecological and genetic constraints to the evolution of AMTs are discussed. Fourth, we speculate on why female AMTs are less reported on in the literature than male tactics. Fifth, we examine the effects of AMTs on breeding outcomes and female fitness, and as a source, and possibly also a consequence, of sexual conflict. We conclude by suggesting a new model for the evolution of AMTs that incorporates both environmental and genetic effects, and discuss some future avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Neff
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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Umbers KDL. On the perception, production and function of blue colouration in animals. J Zool (1987) 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate D. L. Umbers
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
- Research School of Biology; Australian National University; Canberra Australia
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31
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Takahashi Y, Morimoto G, Watanabe M. Ontogenetic colour change in females as a function of antiharassment strategy. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Martínez-Zamilpa SMJ, Jiménez-Cortés JG, Forbes MRL, Córdoba-Aguilar A. Maintenance of polymorphic females: do parasites play a role? Oecologia 2012; 171:105-13. [PMID: 22710614 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of parasites in explaining maintenance of polymorphism is an unexplored research avenue. In odonates, female-limited color polymorphism (one female morph mimicking the conspecific male and one or more gynochromatic morphs) is widespread. Here we investigated whether parasitism contributes to color polymorphism maintenance by studying six species of female dimorphic damselflies using large databases of field-collected animals. We predicted that androchrome females (male mimics) would be more intensively parasitized than gynochrome females which is, according to previous studies, counterbalanced by the advantages of the former when evading male harassment compared to gynochrome females. Here we show that in Ischnura denticollis and Enallagma novahispaniae, androchrome females suffer from a higher degree of parasitism than gynochromatic females, and contrary to prediction, than males. Thus, our study has detected a correlation between color polymorphism and parasitic burden in odonates. This leads us to hypothesize that natural selection, via parasite pressure, can explain in part how androchrome and gynochrome female color morphs can be maintained. Both morphs may cope with parasites in a different way: given that androchrome females are more heavily parasitized, they may pay a higher fecundity costs, in comparison to gynochrome females.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Sánchez-Guillén
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, Mexico.
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33
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Johnson SL, Brockmann HJ. Alternative reproductive tactics in female horseshoe crabs. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thompson DJ, Hassall C, Lowe CD, Watts PC. Field estimates of reproductive success in a model insect: behavioural surrogates are poor predictors of fitness. Ecol Lett 2011; 14:905-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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GOSDEN THOMASP, STOKS ROBBY, SVENSSON ERIKI. Range limits, large-scale biogeographic variation, and localized evolutionary dynamics in a polymorphic damselfly. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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SHERRATT TN, HASSALL C, LAIRD RA, THOMPSON DJ, CORDERO-RIVERA A. A comparative analysis of senescence in adult damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata). J Evol Biol 2011; 24:810-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Tests of the harassment-reduction function and frequency-dependent maintenance of a female-specific color polymorphism in a damselfly. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Male mate choice based on ontogenetic colour changes of females in the damselfly Ischnura senegalensis. J ETHOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-010-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bouton N, Iserbyt A, Gossum HV. Thermal plasticity in life-history traits in the polymorphic blue-tailed damselfly, Ischnura elegans: no differences between female morphs. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2011; 11:112. [PMID: 22224863 PMCID: PMC3281378 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Female polymorphism is observed in various animal species, but is particularly common in damselflies. The maintenance of this polymorphism has traditionally been explained from frequency and density dependent sexual conflict, however, the role of abiotic factors has recently attracted more interest. Here, the role of ambient temperature in shaping life-history was investigated for the three female morphs of Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). Eggs were obtained from the three mature female morphs for two populations in the Netherlands. Using a split-brood design, eggs of both populations were divided between a cold and a warm treatment group in the laboratory, and egg survival and hatching time were measured. Significant thermal plasticity was found in both hatching time and egg survival between both temperature treatments. However, individuals born to mothers belonging to different colour morphs did not differ in their response to temperature treatment. Independent of colour morph, clear differences in both life-history traits between the populations were found, suggesting local adaptation. Specifically, individuals from one population hatched faster but had lower egg survival in both thermal regimes. The selection force establishing fast hatching could be (facultative) bivoltinism in one of the populations compared to univoltinism in the other. This would be in line with the more southern (and more coastal) location of the presumed bivoltine population and the inverse relation between voltinism and latitude known from earlier studies. However, other natural selection forces, e.g. deterioration of the aquatic habitat, may also drive fast hatching.
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40
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Cooper I. Ecology of Sexual Dimorphism and Clinal Variation of Coloration in a Damselfly. Am Nat 2010; 176:566-72. [DOI: 10.1086/656491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Johannesson K, Saltin SH, Duranovic I, Havenhand JN, Jonsson PR. Indiscriminate males: mating behaviour of a marine snail compromised by a sexual conflict? PLoS One 2010; 5:e12005. [PMID: 20711254 PMCID: PMC2918498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In promiscuous species, male fitness is expected to increase with repeated matings in an open-ended fashion (thereby increasing number of partners or probability of paternity) whereas female fitness should level out at some optimal number of copulations when direct and indirect benefits still outweigh the costs of courtship and copulation. After this fitness peak, additional copulations would incur female fitness costs and be under opposing selection. Hence, a sexual conflict over mating frequency may evolve in species where females are forced to engage in costly matings. Under such circumstance, if females could avoid male detection, significant fitness benefits from such avoidance strategies would be predicted. Methodology/Principal Findings Among four Littorina species, one lives at very much higher densities and has a longer mating season than the other three species. Using video records of snail behaviour in a laboratory arena we show that males of the low-density species discriminate among male and female mucous trails, trailing females for copulations. In the high-density species, however, males fail to discriminate between male and female trails, not because males are unable to identify female trails (which we show using heterospecific females), but because females do not, as the other species, add a gender-specific cue to their trail. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that there is likely a sexual conflict over mating frequency in the high-density species (L. saxatilis) owing to females most likely being less sperm-limited in this species. This has favoured the evolution of females that permanently or optionally do not release a cue in the mucus to decrease excessive and costly matings resulting in unusually high frequencies of male-male copulating attempts in the wild. This is one of few examples of masking gender identity to obtain fewer matings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Ecology-Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden.
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Takahashi Y, Yoshimura J, Morita S, Watanabe M. NEGATIVE FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION IN FEMALE COLOR POLYMORPHISM OF A DAMSELFLY. Evolution 2010; 64:3620-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Van Gossum H, Bots J, Van Heusden J, Hammers M, Huyghe K, Morehouse NI. Reflectance spectra and mating patterns support intraspecific mimicry in the colour polymorphic damselfly Ischnura elegans. Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Effects of extreme variation in female morph frequencies on the mating behaviour of male damselflies. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Byers CJ, Eason PK. Conspecifics and Their Posture Influence Site Choice and Oviposition in the DamselflyArgia moesta. Ethology 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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BOTS JESSICA, DE BRUYN LUC, VAN DONGEN STEFAN, SMOLDERS ROEL, VAN GOSSUM HANS. Female polymorphism, condition differences, and variation in male harassment and ambient temperature. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gosden T, Svensson E. Density‐Dependent Male Mating Harassment, Female Resistance, and Male Mimicry. Am Nat 2009; 173:709-21. [DOI: 10.1086/598491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bots J, Breuker CJ, Van Kerkhove A, Van Dongen S, De Bruyn L, Van Gossum H. Variation in flight morphology in a female polymorphic damselfly: intraspecific, intrasexual, and seasonal differences. CAN J ZOOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/z08-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In aerial animals, flight morphology needs to be designed to allow daily behavioural activities. Within species differences in behaviour can therefore be expected to relate to differences in flight morphology, not only between males and females but also between same-sex members when they use different behavioural strategies. In female polymorphic damselflies, one female morph is considered a male mimic that resembles the male’s body colour and behaviour (andromorph), whereas the other is dissimilar (gynomorph). Here, we questioned whether males, andromorphs, and gynomorphs of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840) differ in flight morphology, with andromorphs being more similar to males than gynomorphs. In addition, we evaluated whether differences in flight morphology are consistent or whether some morphs are more plastic in response to seasonal environmental fluctuations. Most morphometrics showed similar seasonal plasticity for males and both female morphs, which could only partly be explained from allometry. Consistent with high manoeuvrability in flight, males had broader wings and lower wing loading than females. Variation between female morphs was less pronounced, with no consistent differences in length, aspect ratio, total surface, and wing loading. However, we detected morph-specific differences in shape and width, with andromorphs having broader wings than gynomorphs similarly to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bots
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - C. J. Breuker
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Van Kerkhove
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Van Dongen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - L. De Bruyn
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - H. Van Gossum
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Schultz TD, Anderson CN, Symes LB. The conspicuousness of colour cues in male pond damselflies depends on ambient light and visual system. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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MONETTI LILIANA, SÁNCHEZ-GUILLÉN ROSAANA, RIVERA ADOLFOCORDERO. Hybridization between Ischnura graellsii (Vander Linder) and 2. elegans (Rambur) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae): are they different species? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2002.tb02084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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