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Gomes MC, Padilha EKA, Diniz GRA, Gomes EC, da Silva Santos-Júnior PF, Zhan P, da Siva-Júnior EF. Multi-target Compounds against Trypanosomatid Parasites and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:602-619. [PMID: 38910467 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501306843240606114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Multi-target drug treatment has become popular as a substitute for traditional monotherapy. Monotherapy can lead to resistance and side effects. Multi-target drug discovery is gaining importance as data on bioactivity becomes more abundant. The design of multi-target drugs is expected to be an important development in the pharmaceutical industry in the near future. This review presents multi-target compounds against trypanosomatid parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei, and Leishmania sp.) and tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), which mainly affect populations in socioeconomically unfavorable conditions. The article analyzes the studies, including their chemical structures, viral strains, and molecular docking studies, when available. The objective of this review is to establish a foundation for designing new multi-target inhibitors for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midiane Correia Gomes
- Research Group in Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Emanuelly Karla Araújo Padilha
- Research Group in Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rafael Angelo Diniz
- Research Group in Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Edilma Correia Gomes
- Research Group in Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fernando da Silva Santos-Júnior
- Research Group in Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal - Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Siva-Júnior
- Research Group in Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió-AL, Brazil
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2
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Loiseau PM, Balaraman K, Barratt G, Pomel S, Durand R, Frézard F, Figadère B. The Potential of 2-Substituted Quinolines as Antileishmanial Drug Candidates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072313. [PMID: 35408712 PMCID: PMC9000572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new, cost-effective drugs to treat leishmaniasis. A strategy based on traditional medicine practiced in Bolivia led to the discovery of the 2-substituted quinoline series as a source of molecules with antileishmanial activity and low toxicity. This review documents the development of the series from the first isolated natural compounds through several hundred synthetized molecules to an optimized compound exhibiting an in vitro IC50 value of 0.2 µM against Leishmania donovani, and a selectivity index value of 187, together with in vivo activity on the L. donovani/hamster model. Attempts to establish structure–activity relationships are described, as well as studies that have attempted to determine the mechanism of action. For the latter, it appears that molecules of this series act on multiple targets, possibly including the immune system, which could explain the observed lack of drug resistance after in vitro drug pressure. We also show how nanotechnology strategies could valorize these drugs through adapted formulations and how a mechanistic targeting approach could generate new compounds with increased activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe M. Loiseau
- Antiparasite Chemotherapy, CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.P.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kaluvu Balaraman
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Gillian Barratt
- Institute Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- Antiparasite Chemotherapy, CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Rémy Durand
- Antiparasite Chemotherapy, CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Bruno Figadère
- Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France;
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3
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Abstract
The association of leishmaniasis and malignancies in human and animal models has been highlighted in recent years. The misdiagnosis of coexistence of leishmaniasis and cancer and the use of common drugs in the treatment of such diseases prompt us to further survey the molecular biology of Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The information regarding common expressed proteins, as possible therapeutic targets, in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells is scarce. Therefore, the current study reviews proteins, and investigates the regulation and functions of several key proteins in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The up- and down-regulations of such proteins were mostly related to survival, development, pathogenicity, metabolic pathways and vital signalling in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The presence of common expressed proteins in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells reveals valuable information regarding the possible shared mechanisms of pathogenicity and opportunities for therapeutic targeting in leishmaniasis and cancers in the future.
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Staderini M, Piquero M, Abengózar MÁ, Nachér-Vázquez M, Romanelli G, López-Alvarado P, Rivas L, Bolognesi ML, Menéndez JC. Structure-activity relationships and mechanistic studies of novel mitochondria-targeted, leishmanicidal derivatives of the 4-aminostyrylquinoline scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:38-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Ullmann-type copper-catalyzed coupling amination, photophysical and DNA/HSA-binding properties of new 4-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Chang KH, Lin CH, Chen HC, Huang HY, Chen SL, Lin TH, Ramesh C, Huang CC, Fung HC, Wu YR, Huang HJ, Lee-Chen GJ, Hsieh-Li HM, Yao CF. The Potential of Indole/Indolylquinoline Compounds in Tau Misfolding Reduction by Enhancement of HSPB1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 23:45-56. [PMID: 27424519 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibrillary tangles formed from tau misfolding have long been considered one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The misfolding of tau in AD correlates with the clinical progression of AD and inhibition or reversal of tau misfolding may protect the affected neurons. METHODS We generated 293 and SH-SY5Y cells expressing DsRed-tagged pro-aggregation mutant of repeat domain of tau (ΔK280 tauRD ) to test indole/indolylquinoline derivatives for reducing tau misfolding and neuroprotection. RESULTS Four of the 10 derivatives tested displayed good misfolding-inhibitory effects on Tet-On 293 cells. Among them, NC009-1 and NC009-7 enhanced heat-shock 27 kDa protein 1 (HSPB1) expression to increase ∆K280 tauRD -DsRed solubility and promoted neurite outgrowth in Tet-On SH-SY5Y cells. Knockdown of HSPB1 resulted in decreased ∆K280 tauRD -DsRed solubility and reduced neurite outgrowth, which were rescued by addition of NC009-1/NC009-7. Treatment with indole/indolylquinoline derivatives also improved neuronal cell viability and neurite outgrowth in mouse hippocampal primary culture under tau cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate how indole/indolylquinoline derivatives are likely to work in tau misfolding reduction, providing insight into the possible working mechanism of indole and indolylquinoline derivatives in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chiang Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chintakunta Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Chung Fung
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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van Gijn R, Lendfers RRH, Schellens JHM, Bult A, Beijnen JH. Dual topoisomerase I/II inhibitors. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107815520000600303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase (topo) I and II are nuclear enzymes, which play a major role in the topological rearrangement of DNA during replication and transcription processes. In the course of years, many different agents have been found which can inhibit the topos and thereby exploit cytotoxicity, also against tumour cells. Selective inhibition of the topo I enzyme can, however, induce a reactive increase in topo II levels, and vice versa. This mechanism is associated with the development of drug resistance. Dual inhibition of both topo I and II may, theoretically, overcome this resistance problem. In this review, the most important and promising dual topo I/II inhibitors designed as anticancer agents will be discussed. Thus far, only the indolyl quinoline derivative TAS-103, the 7 H-benzo [ e] pyrido [4,3- b] indole derivative intoplicine, and the acridine derivative PZA have been shown to be dual topo inhibitors with high cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van Gijn
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - RRH Lendfers
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - JHM Schellens
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Bult
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - JH Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Staderini M, Bolognesi ML, Menéndez JC. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Generation of CC and CN Bonds on π-Deficient Heterocyclic Substrates. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Banerjee M, Kumar S, Ghosh S, Paira R, Mondal S, Karmokar S, Chattopadhyay D, Bhadra RK, Mondal NB. Amberlite IRA 402(OH)-mediated synthesis and evaluation of fused tricyclic quinolinium salts as potent non-detergent type microbicidal spermicides. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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A new and facile access to the 2-(indol-3-yl)-3-nitriloquinolines based on Friedländer annulations. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Mondal SK, Mondal NB, Banerjee S, Mazumder UK. Determination of drug-like properties of a novel antileishmanial compound: In vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 41:176-81. [PMID: 20523869 PMCID: PMC2875737 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.56075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery research, the compounds should not only to be potent and selective but also must possess acceptable pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) to increase success rate in clinical studies.
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12
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Brasse M, Ellman JA, Bergman RG. A facile, metal- and solvent-free, autoxidative coupling of quinolines with indoles and pyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5019-21. [PMID: 21445416 PMCID: PMC3234421 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, solvent-free, one-pot autoxidative coupling reaction between quinoline and indoles or pyrroles is reported. This atom economic method requires only a stoichiometric amount of inexpensive hydrochloric acid and does not require a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaël Brasse
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Division of Chemical Sciences Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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13
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Patyar S, Prakash A, Medhi B. Dual inhibition: a novel promising pharmacological approach for different disease conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:459-71. [PMID: 21401597 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the problems associated with polypharmacy, which include medication non compliance, adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions and increased pill-burden, various strategies, such as sustained-release drugs and fixed-dose combination regimens (polypills), have been developed. Out of these, a novel and very much promising approach is the use of dual-action drugs. Amongst the dual-action drugs, there is a class of compounds known as dual inhibitors, which possess the dual inhibitory activity. The most common examples of dual inhibitors are rivastigmine, ladostigil, asenapine, phenserine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin and desipramine. This review article focuses on the conventional drugs used in different diseases which possess dual inhibition activity as well as those which are still in the preclinical/clinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazal Patyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Delhi, India
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14
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Coimbra ES, Carvalhaes R, Grazul RM, Machado PA, De Souza MVN, Da Silva AD. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 75:628-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Moghaddam FM, Mirjafary Z, Saeidian H, Taheri S, Doulabi M, Kiamehr M. Facile entry to polycyclic indolylhydroquinoline skeletons via tandem C-alkylation and intramolecular S-alkylation. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Ramesh C, Kavala V, Raju BR, Kuo CW, Yao CF. Novel synthesis of indolylquinoline derivatives via the C-alkylation of Baylis–Hillman adducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Das BB, Ganguly A, Majumder HK. DNA Topoisomerases of Leishmania: The Potential Targets for Anti-Leishmanial Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 625:103-15. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-77570-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Bhowal SK, Lala S, Hazra A, Paira P, Banerjee S, Mondal NB, Chakraborty S. Synthesis and assessment of fertility-regulating potential of 2-(2″-chloroacetamidobenzyl)-3-(3′-indolyl) quinoline in adult rats as a male contraceptive agent. Contraception 2008; 77:214-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Vouldoukis I, Rougier S, Dugas B, Pino P, Mazier D, Woehrlé F. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Comparison of in vitro leishmanicidal activity of marbofloxacin, meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Vet Parasitol 2006; 135:137-46. [PMID: 16242844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The control of canine leishmaniasis largely depends on the success of treatment. Drugs currently available to treat this disease are toxic and partially effective. The curative effect of marbofloxacin, a third-generation fluoroquinolone developed for veterinarian individual treatment, was evaluated in vitro in the presence of Leishmania infantum promastigotes and dog-monocyte-derived macrophages; meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate were used as comparative treatments. We observed that the killing of Leishmania promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes by marbofloxacin was dose-dependent. We demonstrated that successful treatment of canine infected macrophages for 48 h was possible with 500 microg/ml of marbofloxacin. Leishmanicidal activity acted through a TNF-alpha and nitric oxide pathway and correlated with the generation of nitric oxide (NO(2)) production by monocytes derived macrophages from infected (23+/-5 microM) or healthy (21+/-6 microM) dogs, in comparison with NO(2) concentration in infected/non-treated macrophages (< 3 microM, P<0.01). This significant induced parasiticidal effect correlated with extensive elimination of amastigotes by macrophages derived from infected (11+/-5) and healthy dogs (6+/-2), when compared to infected/non-treated macrophages (530+/-105 and 472+/-86 amastigotes, respectively, P< 0.01). Marbofloxacin was shown to be non-toxic at 500 microg/ml in vitro and no cell apoptosis was observed. The molecule was able to induce a parasitic process after significant elimination of amastigotes in leishmania-infected dog macrophages. We propose that marbofloxacin, compared to standard chemotherapeutic agents (meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate), could be an effective and pragmatic oral route alternative to treat canine leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Vouldoukis
- INSERM U511, Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires, Université Paris VI, CHU-Pitié Salpétrière, 75013 Paris, France.
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20
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General methodology for synthesis of fused tricyclic oxazino-2-quinolones under phase-transfer catalyzed conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Das A, Dasgupta A, Sengupta T, Majumder HK. Topoisomerases of kinetoplastid parasites as potential chemotherapeutic targets. Trends Parasitol 2004; 20:381-7. [PMID: 15246322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasites Trypanosoma, Leishmania and Crithidia, which belong to the order kinetoplastidae, emerge from the most ancient eukaryotic lineages. The diversity found in the life cycle of these organisms must be directed by genetic events, wherein topoisomerases play an important role in cellular processes affecting the topology and organization of intracellular DNA. Topoisomerases are valuable as potential drug targets because they have indispensable function in cell biology. This review summarizes what is known about topoisomerase genes and proteins of kinetoplastid parasites and the roles of these enzymes as targets for therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Das
- Sealy Center for Molecular Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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22
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Dihydrobetulinic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Leishmania donovani by Targeting DNA Topoisomerase I and II: Implications in Antileishmanial Therapy. Mol Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03402104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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23
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Khan SI, Nimrod AC, Mehrpooya M, Nitiss JL, Walker LA, Clark AM. Antifungal activity of eupolauridine and its action on DNA topoisomerases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1785-92. [PMID: 12019091 PMCID: PMC127229 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.6.1785-1792.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The azafluoranthene alkaloid eupolauridine has previously been shown to have in vitro antifungal activity and selective inhibition of fungal topoisomerase I. The present study was undertaken to examine further its selectivity and mode of action. Eupolauridine completely inhibits the DNA relaxation activity of purified fungal topoisomerase I at 50 microg/ml, but it does not stabilize the cleavage complex of either human or fungal topoisomerase I. Cleavage complex stabilization is the mode of action of topoisomerase I targeting drugs of the camptothecin family. Also, unlike camptothecin, eupolauridine does not cause significant cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. To determine if the inhibition of topoisomerase I is the principal mode of antifungal action of eupolauridine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with alterations in topoisomerase genes were used in clonogenic assays. The antifungal activity of eupolauridine was not diminished in the absence of topoisomerase I; rather, the cells lacking the enzyme were more sensitive to the drug. Cell-killing activity of eupolauridine was also more pronounced in cells that overexpressed topoisomerase II. In vitro assays with the purified yeast enzyme confirmed that eupolauridine stabilized topoisomerase II covalent complexes. These results indicate that a major target for fungal cell killing by eupolauridine is DNA topoisomerase II rather than topoisomerase I, but does not exclude the possibility that the drug also acts against other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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24
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Das A, Mandal C, Dasgupta A, Sengupta T, Majumder HK. An insight into the active site of a type I DNA topoisomerase from the kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania donovani. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:794-802. [PMID: 11809893 PMCID: PMC100284 DOI: 10.1093/nar/30.3.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that govern the topological interconversions of DNA thereby playing a key role in many aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. Recently determined crystal structures of topoisomerase fragments, representing nearly all the known subclasses, have been solved. The type IB enzymes are structurally distinct from other known topoisomerases but are similar to a class of enzymes referred to as tyrosine recombinases. A putative topoisomerase I open reading frame from the kinetoplastid Leishmania donovani was reported which shared a substantial degree of homology with type IB topoisomerases but having a variable C-terminus. Here we present a molecular model of the above parasite gene product, using the human topoisomerase I crystal structure in complex with a 22 bp oligonucleotide as a template. Our studies indicate that the overall structure of the parasite protein is similar to the human enzyme; however, major differences occur in the C-terminal loop, which harbors a serine in place of the usual catalytic tyrosine. Most other structural themes common to type IB topoisomerases, including secondary structural folds, hinged clamps that open and close to bind DNA, nucleophilic attack on the scissile DNA strand and formation of a ternary complex with the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin could be visualized in our homology model. The validity of serine acting as the nucleophile in the case of the parasite protein model was corroborated with our biochemical mapping of the active site with topoisomerase I enzyme purified from L.donovani promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Das
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory and Drug Design, Development and Molecular Modelling, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Calcutta 700032, India
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Natural products as potential antiparasitic drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(02)80019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Ray S, Hazra B, Mittra B, Das A, Majumder HK. Diospyrin, a bisnaphthoquinone: a novel inhibitor of type I DNA topoisomerase of Leishmania donovani. Mol Pharmacol 1998; 54:994-9. [PMID: 9855627 DOI: 10.1124/mol.54.6.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diospyrin is a plant product that has significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. This compound inhibits the catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase I of the parasite. Like camptothecin, it induces topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage in vitro. Treatment of DNA with diospyrin before addition of topoisomerase I has no effect. Preincubation of topoisomerase I with diospyrin before the addition of DNA in the relaxation reaction increases this inhibition. Our results suggest that this bis-naphthoquinone compound exerts its inhibitory effect by binding with the enzyme and stabilizing the topoisomerase I-DNA "cleavable complex." Diospyrin is a specific inhibitor of the parasitic topoisomerase I. It does not inhibit type II topoisomerase of L. donovani and requires much higher concentrations to inhibit type I topoisomerase of calf thymus. The potent inhibitory effect of diospyrin on type I DNA topoisomerase from L. donovani can be exploited for rational drug design in human leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ray
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta 700 032, India
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Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I is a nuclear enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of the DNA topology by introducing single-strand breaks into the DNA molecule. This enzyme represents a novel and distinct molecule target for cancer therapy by antitopoisomerase drugs belonging to the campthotecin series of antineoplastics. As many tumors can acquire resistance to drug treatment and become refractary to the chemotherapy it is very important to investigate the mechanisms involved in such a drug resistance for circumventing the phenomenon. This article describes the role of topoisomerase I in cell functions and the methods used to assess its in vitro catalytic activity. It reviews the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of the most specific antitopoisomerase I drugs by considering also the phenomenon of drug resistance. Some factors useful to drive the future perspectives in the development of new topoisomerase I inhibitors are also evidenced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Parchment
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 3900 John R., Detroit, MI, U.S.A
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