1
|
Koumbis AE, Duarte CD, Nicolau C, Lehn JM. Tetrakisphosphates and Bispyrophosphates of myo-Inositol Derivatives as Allosteric Effectors of Human Hemoglobin: Synthesis, Molecular Recognition, and Oxygen Release. ChemMedChem 2010; 6:169-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
2
|
Bootman MD, Fearnley C, Smyrnias I, MacDonald F, Roderick HL. An update on nuclear calcium signalling. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2337-50. [PMID: 19571113 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.028100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years or so, numerous studies have sought to characterise how nuclear calcium (Ca2+) signals are generated and reversed, and to understand how events that occur in the nucleoplasm influence cellular Ca2+ activity, and vice versa. In this Commentary, we describe mechanisms of nuclear Ca2+ signalling and discuss what is known about the origin and physiological significance of nuclear Ca2+ transients. In particular, we focus on the idea that the nucleus has an autonomous Ca2+ signalling system that can generate its own Ca2+ transients that modulate processes such as gene transcription. We also discuss the role of nuclear pores and the nuclear envelope in controlling ion flux into the nucleoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Bootman
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Son EW, Lee SR, Choi HS, Koo HJ, Huh JE, Kim MH, Pyo S. Effects of supplementation with higher levels of manganese and magnesium on immune function. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:743-9. [PMID: 17679553 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) were evaluated for its effectiveness as an immunomodulator in rats. The treatments were as follows: Group 1, AIN-93M diet (0.05% Mg, 0.001% Mn); Group 2, high-dose Mg (0.1% Mg, 0.001% Mn); and Group 3, high dose Mn (0.05% Mg, 0.01% Mn) (n-12/group). After 12 weeks of supplementation, rats were sacrificed to assess the effect on a range of innate responses (tumoricidal activity, oxidative burst and nitric oxide) and the mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferative response. Immune function was significantly affected in both the high dose Mg and the Mn group. Lymphocyte proliferative responses and NK cell activity were measured in pooled spleen from each group. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to LPS in the spleen was significantly reduced in high dose Mg-treated groups, whereas the response to ConA was not affected in both high dose minerals-treated groups. The reactive oxygen species level of macrophages was decreased in both groups. These effects were more pronounced in high dose Mg-treated group. Nitric oxide production was also decreased in high dose minerals-treated group. In addition, tumoricidal activities of splenic NK cell and peritoneal macrophage in mineral exposed rats were significantly increased. Moreover, percent death of macrophage was reduced in two groups receiving high dose mineral supplements. Taken together, the present data suggest that high dose trace min erals exert a differential effect on the function of immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Wha Son
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Material Development, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-711, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mami AG, Ballesteros J, Mishra OP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M. Effects of magnesium sulfate administration during hypoxia on Ca(2+) influx and IP(3) receptor modification in cerebral cortical neuronal nuclei of newborn piglets. Neurochem Res 2006; 31:63-70. [PMID: 16474998 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-005-9076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor. Hypoxic insults to the brain are associated with a significant increase in the intranuclear Ca(2+) due to altered nuclear membrane Ca(2+) influx mechanisms including hypoxia-induced modifications of nuclear membrane IP(3) receptors. In this study we have examined the effects of magnesium sulfate administration to newborn piglets subjected to normoxia and severe hypoxia. The animals were randomly divided into normoxic (n=4), hypoxic (n=4) and magnesium sulfate treated hypoxic (n=4) groups. Hypoxia was confirmed biochemically by measuring ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) levels in the brain tissue. Intranuclear Ca(2+) influx was assessed by measuring (45)Ca(2+) uptake. Results show a significant (P<0.05) decrease in ATP and PCr levels in hypoxic group in comparison with normoxia. On the other hand magnesium-treated hypoxic group showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher ATP and PCr in comparison with the hypoxic group. Intranuclear Ca(2+) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the hypoxic group in comparison with both normoxic and magnesium-treated hypoxic groups. In addition results show that magnesium prevented hypoxia-induced modification of the IP(3) receptor. Magnesium treatment significantly reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in the number of receptors (reduced B(max) --P<0.05-treated hypoxia vs. hypoxia and normoxia), and reversed the receptor affinity (reduced dissociation coefficient-K(d)--P<0.05-treated hypoxia vs. normoxia). The results demonstrate that the administration of magnesium sulfate prior to hypoxia prevents the hypoxia-induced increase in intranuclear Ca(2+) and IP(3) receptor modifications. We conclude that Mg(2+ )administration prevents hypoxia-induced modification of neuronal nuclear membrane function that leads to intranuclear Ca(2+)-dependent transcription of apoptotic proteins leading to hypoxic neuronal programmed cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Mami
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malviya AN, Klein C. Mechanism regulating nuclear calcium signalingThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Nucleus: A Cell Within A Cell. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 84:403-22. [PMID: 16902586 DOI: 10.1139/y05-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, it is possible to isolate nuclei both intact and free from endoplasmic reticulum contaminants. The outer and the inner nuclear membranes can be purified free from cross-contamination. Evidence in support of autonomous regulation of nuclear calcium signaling relies upon the investigations with isolated nuclei. Mechanisms for generating calcium signaling in the nucleus have been identified. Two calcium transporting systems, an ATP-dependant nuclear Ca2+-ATPase and an IP4-mediated inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate receptor, are located on the outer nuclear membrane. Thus, ATP and IP4, depending on external free calcium concentrations, are responsible for filling the nuclear envelope calcium pool. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is located on the inner nuclear membrane with its ligand binding domain facing toward the nucleoplasm. Likewise, the ryanodine receptor is located on the inner nuclear membrane and its ligand cADP-ribose is generated within the nucleus. A 120 kDa protein fragment of nuclear PLC-γ1 is stimulated in vivo by epidermal growth factor nuclear signaling coincident with the time course of nuclear membrane epidermal growth factor receptor activation. Stimulated 120 kDa protein fragment interacts with PIKE, a nuclear GTPase, and together they form a complex with PI[3]kinase serving as a module for nuclear PI[3]K stimulation. Thus, the nucleus has its own IP3generating system.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
In early studies, we demonstrated that cerebral tissue hypoxia leads to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modification and results in increased intracellular Ca2+. Our subsequent studies have demonstrated an alteration in nuclear Ca2+ influx mechanisms and an increase in the nuclear Ca2+ influx after hypoxia. The hypoxia induced nuclear Ca2+ influx increase correlated in a curvilinear function with the increase in the degree of cerebral tissue hypoxia. The activity of nuclear membrane high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase also increased with the increase in cerebral hypoxia. The expression of the proapototic protein Bax increased as an inverse function with cerebral tissue ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations. However,the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 did not increase after hypoxia. Cerebral tissue hypoxia also led to the activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that the fragmentation of neuronal genomic DNA increased with increase in degree of cerebral tissue hypoxia. Studies presented in this article elucidate nuclear Ca2+ influx and nuclear Ca2+-mediated mechanisms, including signal transduction, apoptotic gene transcription,caspase activation, and nuclear DNA fragmentation, that result in hypoxic neuronal injury in the newborn brain.
Collapse
|
7
|
Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Akhter W, Mishra OP. Hypoxia-induced Ca2+-influx in cerebral cortical neuronal nuclei of newborn piglets. Neurosci Lett 2003; 342:119-23. [PMID: 12727332 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on nuclear calcium-influx in the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets. Anesthetized and ventilated newborn piglets divided into normoxic (n=4) and hypoxic groups with varying degrees of tissue hypoxia (n=10) were studied. Nuclear Ca(2+)-influx was determined using (45)Ca(2+) and plotted against ATP and phosphocreatine levels. The plots were analyzed by non-linear regression (exponential) analysis that showed a curvilinear relationship (r=0.92 for ATP and r=0.88 for phosphocreatine). These data suggest a threshold at which there is a sudden increase in the nuclear calcium-influx that then continues to increase with further decrease in the ATP and phosphocreatine levels. The results demonstrate an increase in the nuclear Ca(2+)-influx during hypoxia in newborn piglets and that this increase correlates in a curvilinear fashion with the increase in the degree of cerebral tissue hypoxia. We propose that the hypoxia-induced increase in intranuclear Ca(2+) is due to altered nuclear membrane Ca(2+)-influx mechanisms and will lead to Ca(2+)-mediated alteration of apoptotic gene expression as well as Ca(2+)-dependent activation of endonucleases that result in DNA fragmentation and subsequent programmed neuronal cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine and St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gensburger C, Freyermuth S, Klein C, Malviya AN. In vivo nuclear Ca2+-ATPase phosphorylation triggers intermediate size molecular transport to the nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 303:1225-8. [PMID: 12684066 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Outer nuclear membrane is endowed with a SERCA type Ca(2+)-ATPase which pumps calcium into the nuclear envelope lumen and creates calcium stores. Variation in this calcium pool, among other things, regulates nuclear transport. The transport of Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS)-containing molecules into the nucleus is well established. Intermediate size molecules lacking an NLS translocate to the nucleus and its mechanism remains obscure. It is observed here that the treatment of HEK 293 cells in culture with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) or forskolin (FK) triggered transport of Calcium Green 10 kDa dextran into the nucleus. Under similar conditions Fluo-3-AM accumulated around the nuclei. cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated 105 kDa nuclear Ca(2+)-ATPase (NCA) which served as a trigger for NLS-independent transport into the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gensburger
- Centre de Neurochimie CNRS, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg Cedex 67084, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Odom AR, Stahlberg A, Wente SR, York JD. A role for nuclear inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate kinase in transcriptional control. Science 2000; 287:2026-9. [PMID: 10720331 DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5460.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C and two inositol polyphosphate (IP) kinases constitute a signaling pathway that regulates nuclear messenger RNA export through production of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate kinase of this pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, designated Ipk2, was found to be identical to Arg82, a regulator of the transcriptional complex ArgR-Mcm1. Synthesis of inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, but not IP6, was required for gene regulation through ArgR-Mcm1. Thus, the phospholipase C pathway produces multiple IP messengers that modulate distinct nuclear processes. The results reveal a direct mechanism by which activation of IP signaling may control gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Odom
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3813, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brock TG, Anderson JA, Fries FP, Peters-Golden M, Sporn PHS. Decreased Leukotriene C4 Synthesis Accompanies Adherence-Dependent Nuclear Import of 5-Lipoxygenase in Human Blood Eosinophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the synthesis of leukotrienes (LTs) from arachidonic acid (AA). Adherence or recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) induces nuclear import of 5-LO from the cytosol, which is associated with enhanced LTB4 synthesis upon subsequent cell stimulation. In this study, we asked whether adherence of human eosinophils (EOS) causes a similar redistribution of 5-LO and an increase in LTC4 synthesis. Purified blood EOS examined either in suspension or after adherence to fibronectin for 5 min contained only cytosolic 5-LO. Cell stimulation resulted in activation of 5-LO, as evidenced by its translocation to membranes and LTC4 synthesis. As with PMN, adherence of EOS to fibronectin for 120 min caused nuclear import of 5-LO. Unexpectedly, however, adherence also caused a time-dependent decrease in LTC4 synthesis: EOS adhered for 120 min produced 90% less LTC4 than did cells adhered for 5 min. Adherence did not diminish the release of [3H]AA from prelabeled EOS or reduce the synthesis of the prostanoids thromboxane and PGE2. Also, inhibition of LTC4 production caused by adherence could not be overcome by the addition of exogenous AA. Adherence increased, rather than decreased, LTC4 synthase activity. However, the stimulation of adherent EOS failed to induce translocation of 5-LO from the nucleoplasm to the nuclear envelope. This resistance to activation of the nuclear pool of 5-LO with diminished LT production represents a novel mode of regulation of the enzyme, distinct from the paradigm of up-regulated LT synthesis associated with intranuclear localization of 5-LO observed in PMN and other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Brock
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - James A. Anderson
- †Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School and Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Chicago Health Care System-Lakeside Division, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Francine P. Fries
- †Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School and Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Chicago Health Care System-Lakeside Division, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Peter H. S. Sporn
- †Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School and Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Chicago Health Care System-Lakeside Division, Chicago, IL 60611
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
D'Santos CS, Clarke JH, Divecha N. Phospholipid signalling in the nucleus. Een DAG uit het leven van de inositide signalering in de nucleus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1436:201-32. [PMID: 9838115 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diverse methodologies, ranging from activity measurements in various nuclear subfractions to electron microscopy, have been used to demonstrate and establish that many of the key lipids and enzymes responsible for the metabolism of inositol lipids are resident in nuclei. PtdIns(4)P, PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdOH are all present in nuclei, as well as the corresponding enzyme activities required to synthesise and metabolise these compounds. In addition other non-inositol containing phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine constitute a significant percentage of the total nuclear phospholipid content. We feel that it is pertinent to include this lipid in our discussion as it provides an alternative source of 1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) in addition to the hydrolysis of PtdIns(4, 5)P2. We discuss at length data related to the sources and possible consequences of nuclear DAG production as this lipid appears to be increasingly central to a number of general physiological functions. Data relating to the existence of alternative pathways of inositol phospholipid synthesis, the role of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids and lipid compartmentalisation and transport are reviewed. The field has also expanded to a point where we can now also begin to address what role these lipids play in cellular proliferation and differentiation and hopefully provide avenues for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S D'Santos
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|