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Jütten P, Schumann W, Härtl A, Dahse HM, Gräfe U. Thiosemicarbazones of Formyl Benzoic Acids as Novel Potent Inhibitors of Estrone Sulfatase. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3661-6. [PMID: 17580843 DOI: 10.1021/jm0611657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones of the microbial metabolite madurahydroxylactone, a polysubstituted benzo[a]naphthacenequinone, have been previously reported by us as potent nonsteroidal inhibitors of the enzyme estrone sulfatase (cyclohexylthiosemicarbazone 1, IC50 0.46 microM). The active pharmacophore of 1 has now been identified to be 2-formyl-6-hydroxybenzoic acid cyclohexylthiosemicarbazone (25, IC50 4.2 microM). The active partial structure was derivatized in the search for novel agents against hormone-dependent breast cancer. Further substantial increases in activity were achieved by reversal of functional groups leading to the cyclohexylthiosemicarbazones of 5-formylsalicylic acid (35, IC50 0.05 microM) and 3-formylsalicylic acid (34, IC50 0.15 microM) as the most potent analogues identified to date. Both compounds were shown to be noncompetitive inhibitors of estrone sulfatase with Ki values of 0.13 microM and 0.12 microM, respectively. The compounds showed low acute toxicity in the hen's fertile egg screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jütten
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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2
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Compounds for the treatment of oestrogen-dependent illnesses. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.10.11.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hanson SR, Best MD, Wong CH. Sulfatases: Structure, Mechanism, Biological Activity, Inhibition, and Synthetic Utility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:5736-63. [PMID: 15493058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200300632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatases, which cleave sulfate esters in biological systems, play a key role in regulating the sulfation states that determine the function of many physiological molecules. Sulfatase substrates range from small cytosolic steroids, such as estrogen sulfate, to complex cell-surface carbohydrates, such as the glycosaminoglycans. The transformation of these molecules has been linked with important cellular functions, including hormone regulation, cellular degradation, and modulation of signaling pathways. Sulfatases have also been implicated in the onset of various pathophysiological conditions, including hormone-dependent cancers, lysosomal storage disorders, developmental abnormalities, and bacterial pathogenesis. These findings have increased interest in sulfatases and in targeting them for therapeutic endeavors. Although numerous sulfatases have been identified, the wide scope of their biological activity is only beginning to emerge. Herein, accounts of the diversity and growing biological relevance of sulfatases are provided along with an overview of the current understanding of sulfatase structure, mechanism, and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC 357, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Hanson SR, Best MD, Wong CH. Sulfatasen: Struktur, Mechanismus, biologische Aktivität, Inhibition, Anwendung in Synthesen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200300632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Patel CK, Owen CP, Ahmed S. The design, synthesis, and in vitro biochemical evaluation of a series of esters of 4-[(aminosulfonyl)oxy]benzoate as novel and highly potent inhibitors of estrone sulfatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 307:778-81. [PMID: 12878177 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the initial results of our study into the use of a potential transition-state (TS) of the reaction catalysed by the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES) in the design of a series of cyclic esters of 4-[(aminosulfonyl)oxy]benzoate as novel inhibitors of ES. The results of the study show that these compounds are some of the most potent inhibitors known todate, possessing greater inhibitory activity than the three standard compounds: 4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulfamate (COUMATE); the tricyclic derivative of COUMATE, namely 667-COUMATE (which is in Phase I of clinical trials) and; the steroidal inhibitor estrone-3-O-sulfamate (EMATE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag K Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
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Patel CK, Galisson A, James K, Owen CP, Ahmed S. Structure-activity relationship determination within a group of substituted phenyl sulfamate based compounds against the enzyme oestrone sulfatase. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003; 55:211-8. [PMID: 12631414 DOI: 10.1211/002235702586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme oestrone sulfatase (ES) is responsible for the conversion of the stored (sulfated) form of oestrogens to the active form, namely oestrone. In our continuing quest to synthesize potent inhibitors of oestrone sulfatase and to determine the structural requirements for such inhibition, we have synthesized and evaluated several derivatives of phenyl sulfamate. We report the results of the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a series of 3- and 4-aminosulfonated derivatives of phenol in an effort to investigate the role of the acid dissociation constant (pK(a)), and therefore the stability of the phenoxide ion, on the inhibitory activity of compounds against this enzyme. The results showed that there was a strong correlation between the observed pK(a) and inhibitory activity within the aminosulfonated compounds considered. This suggested that in the inhibition of oestrone sulfatase by these compounds, pK(a) was an important physicochemical property, and as such, the stability of the O(-) ion was a crucial factor in the inhibition, and therefore the drug design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag K Patel
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
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Ahmed S, James K, Owen CP. Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of AC ring mimics as novel inhibitors of the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 82:425-35. [PMID: 12589950 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(02)00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of our study into a series of 4'-O-sulfamoyl-4-biphenyl based compounds as novel inhibitors of the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES). From the results of the molecular modeling design process, it was suggested that these compounds would be able to mimic both the A and C rings of the steroid backbone, and thus possess inhibitory activity against ES. The results of the biochemical evaluation study show that these compounds are indeed good inhibitors, possessing greater inhibitory activity than COUMATE, but weaker inhibitory activity than EMATE or the tricyclic derivative of COUMATE, namely 667-COUMATE. Furthermore, the compounds are observed to be irreversible inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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Ahmed S, James K, Owen CP. The design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of derivatives of biphenyl sulfamate-based compounds as novel inhibitors of estrone sulfatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 294:180-3. [PMID: 12054760 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the initial results of our study into the use of a potential transition state (TS) of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES) in the design of a series of simple 4'-O-sulfamoyl-4-biphenyl-based compounds as novel inhibitors of ES. The results of the study show that these compounds are: potent inhibitors, possessing greater inhibitory activity than 4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulfamate (COUMATE); weaker inhibitors than the tricyclic derivative of COUMATE, namely 667-COUMATE and the steroidal inhibitor estrone-3-O-sulfamate (EMATE), and irreversible inhibitors of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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Ahmed S, James K, Owen CP, Patel CK. Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of AC ring mimics as novel inhibitors of the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1343-6. [PMID: 11992773 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the initial results of our study into a series of simple 4'-O-sulfamoyl-4-biphenyl based compounds as novel inhibitors of the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES). The results of the study show that these compounds are potent inhibitors, possessing greater inhibitory activity than COUMATE, but weaker inhibitory activity than EMATE or the tricyclic derivative of COUMATE, namely 667-COUMATE. Furthermore, the compounds are observed to be irreversible inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, Surrey, UK.
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Ahmed S, James K, Owen CP, Patel CK, Sampson L. The mechanism of the irreversible inhibition of estrone sulfatase (ES) through the consideration of a range of methane- and amino-sulfonate-based compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1279-82. [PMID: 11965370 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of our study into a series of simple phenyl and alkyl sulfamates and alkyl methanesulfonates as potential inhibitors of the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES). The results of the study show that the substituted phenyl sulfamates are good irreversible inhibitors; the alkyl sulfamate compounds were found to lack inhibitory activity; whilst the large alkyl chain containing methanesulfonate-based compounds were found to possess weak reversible inhibitory activity. Using the results of the inhibition study, we postulate the probable mechanism for ES and suggest that an attack by the gem-diol is a major requirement prior to the hydrolysis of the sulfamate group, following which, attack on the active site C=O occurs and which therefore leads to the production of an imine type functionality, resulting in irreversible inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Surrey, KT1 2EE, Kingston upon Thames, UK.
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Ahmed S, James K, Owen CP, Patel CK, Patel MB. Determination and use of a transition state for the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES) from a proposed reaction mechanism. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:3001-5. [PMID: 11714597 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using the postulated mechanism for the enzyme estrone sulfatase (ES), we have determined a possible transition state for the reaction catalysed by ES as a representation of the active site. Using the derived structure, we have undertaken the molecular modelling of several steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors in an attempt to rationalise the inhibitory activity of a number of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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Petrotchenko EV, Doerflein ME, Kakuta Y, Pedersen LC, Negishi M. Substrate gating confers steroid specificity to estrogen sulfotransferase. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:30019-22. [PMID: 10514486 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.42.30019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) exhibits a high substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency toward estrogens such as estradiol (E2) but insignificant ability to sulfate hydroxysteroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). To provide the structural basis for this estrogen specificity, we mutated amino acid residues that constitute the substrate-binding site of EST. Among these mutants, only Tyr-81 decreased E2 and increased DHEA sulfotransferase activities. Substitution for Tyr-81 by smaller hydrophobic residues increased K(m(E2)) for E2 activity, whereas the k(cat(E2)) remained relatively constant. The Y81L mutant exhibited the same DHEA activity as wild-type hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, for which K(m(DHEA)) remained relatively constant, and k(cat(DHEA)) was markedly increased. The side chain of Tyr-81 is directed at the A-ring of the E2 molecule in the substrate-binding pocket of EST, constituting a steric gate with Phe-142 sandwiching E2 from the opposite side. The present mutagenesis study indicates that the 3beta-hydroxyl group of the DHEA molecule is excluded from the catalytic site of EST through steric hindrance of Tyr-81 with the C-19 methyl group of DHEA. Thus, this stricture-like gating caused by steric hindrance appears to be a structural principle for conferring estrogen specificity to EST.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Petrotchenko
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Ahmed S, James K. Derivation of a possible transition-state for the reaction catalysed by the enzyme estrone Sulfatase (ES). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1645-50. [PMID: 10397493 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have determined a possible transition-state for the reaction catalysed by the enzyme Estrone Sulfatase (ES) - as a representation of the active site. Using the derived structure, we have superimposed several steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors in an attempt to rationalise the inhibitory activity of a number of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- School of Applied Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK.
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