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Grigorieva DV, Gorudko IV, Shamova EV, Terekhova MS, Maliushkova EV, Semak IV, Cherenkevich SN, Sokolov AV, Timoshenko AV. Effects of recombinant human lactoferrin on calcium signaling and functional responses of human neutrophils. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 675:108122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Telang S. Lactoferrin: A Critical Player in Neonatal Host Defense. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091228. [PMID: 30181493 PMCID: PMC6165050 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn infants are at a high risk for infection due to an under-developed immune system, and human milk has been shown to exhibit substantial anti-infective properties that serve to bolster neonatal defenses against multiple infections. Lactoferrin is the dominant whey protein in human milk and has been demonstrated to perform a wide array of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions and play a critical role in protecting the newborn infant from infection. This review summarizes data describing the structure and important functions performed by lactoferrin in protecting the neonate from infection and contributing to the maturation of the newborn innate and adaptive immune systems. We also briefly discuss clinical trials examining the utility of lactoferrin supplementation in the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn infants. The data reviewed provide rationale for the continuation of studies to examine the effects of lactoferrin administration on the prevention of sepsis in the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta Telang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Inhibitory Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081373. [PMID: 28825621 PMCID: PMC6152271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a well-known multifunctional protein. In this study, we report the inhibitory potency of bovine LF (bLF) on catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which catalyzes methylation of catechol substrates. We found that bLF binds to and inhibits COMT using its N-terminal region. An N-terminal peptide fragment obtained from bLF by trypsin digestion showed a higher inhibitory activity than intact bLF. A synthetic fragment of the bLF N-terminal residues 6-50, with two pairs of disulfide bonds, also showed higher inhibitory activity than intact bLF. Enzyme kinetic studies proved that bLF did not compete with S-adenosylmethionine (the methyl donor substrate) as well as methyl acceptor substrates such as dihydroxybenzoic acid, (-)-epicatechin, norepinephrine, or l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. The inhibitory potency of bLF decreased against a COMT preparation pretreated with dithiothreitol, suggesting that the oxidation status of COMT is relevant to interaction with bLF. We further confirmed that COMT activity in the cell extracts form Caco-2 and HepG2 cells was inhibited by bLF and by the synthesized fragment. Enzyme kinetic study indicated that bLF functions as a non-competitive inhibitor by binding to an allosteric surface of COMT.
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Synergistic activity of synthetic N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin in combination with various antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1739-1748. [PMID: 28470337 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing carbapenemases points to a pressing need for new antibacterial agents. To this end, the in-vitro antibacterial activity of a synthetic N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin, further referred to as hLF1-11, was evaluated against K. pneumoniae strains harboring different carbapenemase genes (i.e. OXA-48, KPC-2, KPC-3, VIM-1), with different susceptibility to colistin and other antibiotics, alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics (gentamicin, tigecycline, rifampicin, clindamycin, and clarithromycin). An antimicrobial peptide susceptibility assay was used to assess the bactericidal activity of hLF1-11 against the different K. pneumoniae strains tested. The synergistic activity was evaluated by a checkerboard titration method, and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was calculated for the various combinations. hLF1-11 was more efficient in killing a K. pneumoniae strain susceptible to most antimicrobials (including colistin) than a colistin-susceptible strain and a colistin-resistant MDR K. pneumoniae strain. In addition, hLF1-11 exhibited a synergistic effect with the tested antibiotics against MDR K. pneumoniae strains. The results of this study indicate that resistance to hLF1-11 and colistin are not strictly associated, and suggest an hLF1-11-induced sensitizing effect of K. pneumoniae to antibiotics, especially to hydrophobic antibiotics, which are normally not effective on Gram-negative bacteria. Altogether, these data indicate that hLF1-11 in combination with antibiotics is a promising candidate to treat infections caused by MDR-K. pneumoniae strains.
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Shida H, Nakazawa D, Tateyama Y, Miyoshi A, Kusunoki Y, Hattanda F, Masuda S, Tomaru U, Kawakami T, Atsumi T, Ishizu A. The Presence of Anti-Lactoferrin Antibodies in a Subgroup of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Patients and Their Possible Contribution to Enhancement of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:636. [PMID: 28066444 PMCID: PMC5179553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is one of the antigens of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and functions as an endogenous suppressor of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. However, the prevalence and pathogenicity of anti-lactoferrin antibodies (aLf) in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) remain unrevealed. This study aimed to examine the significance of aLf in AAV, initially. Sixty-five sera from AAV patients, including 41 microscopic polyangiitis, 5 granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and 19 eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) patients, were subjected to aLf detection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical characteristics were compared between aLf-positive and aLf-negative patients. Neutrophils from healthy donors were exposed to suboptimal dose (10 nM) of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) with aLf followed by evaluation of NET formation. Results demonstrated that 4 out of 65 AAV sera (6.2%) were positive for aLf. All of them were EGPA sera (4/19, 21.1%). In EGPA, the frequency of renal involvement, serum CRP levels, and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in the aLf-positive patients was significantly higher than those in the aLf-negative patients, and the aLf titer correlated positively with the serum CRP level and BVAS. The NET formation was particularly enhanced by combined stimulation of 10 nM PMA and 1 µg/mL aLf. IgG isolated from sera of the aLf-positive EGPA patients (250 µg/mL) enhanced NET formation induced by 10 nM of PMA, and the effect was abolished completely by absorption of the aLf. This pilot study suggests that aLf enhance NET formation induced by PMA and are associated with disease activity of EGPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Shida
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Daigo Nakazawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yu Tateyama
- Undergraduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Arina Miyoshi
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kusunoki
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattanda
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Sakiko Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki , Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
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A Novel Murine Anti-Lactoferrin Monoclonal Antibody Activates Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes through Membrane-Bound Lactoferrin and TLR4. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:285237. [PMID: 26649297 PMCID: PMC4662965 DOI: 10.1155/2015/285237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soluble lactoferrin (LTF) is a versatile molecule that not only regulates the iron homeostasis, but also harbors direct microbicidal and immunomodulating abilities in mammalian body fluids. In contrast, little is known about the function of membrane-bound LTF (mbLTF), although its expression on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (huPMNs) has been reported for decades. Given that LTF/anti-LTF antibodies represent a potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in patients with immune disorders, we wished, in the present study, to generate a novel human LTF- (huLTF-) specific mAb suitable for detailed analyses on the expression and function of mbLTF as well as for deciphering the underlying mechanisms. By using the traditional hybridoma cell fusion technology, we obtained a murine IgG1 (kappa) mAb, M-860, against huLTF. M-860 recognizes a conformational epitope of huLTF as it binds to natural, but not denatured, huLTF in ELISA. Moreover, M-860 detects mbLTF by FACS and captures endogenous huLTF in total cell lysates of huPMNs. Functionally, M-860 induces the activation of huPMNs partially through TLR4 but independently of phagocytosis. M-860 is thus a powerful tool to analyze the expression and function of human mbLTF, which will further our understanding of the roles of LTF in health and disease.
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Legrand D. Lactoferrin, a key molecule in immune and inflammatory processes. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 90:252-68. [PMID: 22136726 DOI: 10.1139/o11-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) belongs to the family of antimicrobial molecules that constitute the principal defense line of nonvertebrate organisms. In human immunity, their roles are considerably extended, and actually exceed mere direct antimicrobial properties. As a result, Lf is involved in both innate and adaptive immunities where its modulating effects not only help the host fight against microbes but also protect the host against harmful effects of inflammation. Such beneficial effects have been noticed in studies using dietary Lf, without the experimenters always explaining the exact modes of action of Lf. Effects on mucosal and systemic immunities are indeed often observed, which make the roles of Lf tricky to decipher. It is now known that the immunomodulatory properties of Lf are due to its ability to interact with numerous cellular and molecular targets. At the cellular level, Lf modulates the migration, maturation, and functions of immune cells. At the molecular level, in addition to iron binding, interactions of Lf with a plethora of compounds, either soluble or cell-surface molecules, account for its modulatory properties. This paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms that explain the regulatory properties of Lf in immune and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Legrand
- UMR 8576 CNRS / Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, IFR 147, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Siao SC, Li KJ, Hsieh SC, Wu CH, Lu MC, Tsai CY, Yu CL. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein enhances PMN phagocytosis by binding to cell surface-expressed lactoferrin and cathepsin G that activates MAP kinase pathway. Molecules 2011; 16:2119-34. [PMID: 21372759 PMCID: PMC6259617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) phagocytosis-enhancing activity (PEA) by human purified urinary Tamm-Horsfall glyco- protein (THP) has not been elucidated. In this study, we found human THP bound to lactoferrin (LF) and cathepsin G (CG) expressed on the surface of PMN, identified by a proteomic study with MALDI-TOF- LC/LC/mass spectrometric analysis. Pre-incubation of 10% SDS-PAGE electrophoresed PMN lysates with monoclonal anti-LF or anti-CG antibody reduced the binding with THP. To elucidate the signaling pathway of THP on PMN activation, we found THP enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, reduced p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation, but had no effect on DNA binding of the five NF-kB family members in PMN. To further clarify whether the carbohydrate-side chains or protein-core structure in THP molecule is responsible for THP-PEA, THP was cleaved by different degrading enzymes with carbohydrate specificity (neuraminidase and β-galactosidase), protein specificity (V8 protease and proteinase K) or glycoconjugate specificity (carboxylpeptidase Y and O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase). We clearly demonstrated that the intact protein-core structure in THP molecule was more important for THP-PEA than carbohydrate-side chains. Putting these results together, we conclude that THP adheres to surface-expressed LF and CG on PMN and transduces signaling via the MAP kinase pathway to enhance PMN phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syue-Cian Siao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu-Chi General Hospital, No. 2 Ming-Shen Road, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, No. 201 Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Legrand D, Mazurier J. A critical review of the roles of host lactoferrin in immunity. Biometals 2010; 23:365-76. [PMID: 20143251 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is an essential element of innate immunity, which refers to antigen-nonspecific defense mechanisms that a host uses immediately or within hours after exposure to an antigen. Following infection, Lf is released from neutrophils (PMNs) in blood and inflamed tissues and, such as other soluble pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immunity, Lf recognizes unique microbial molecules called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs): LPS from the gram-negative cell wall and bacterial unmethylated CpG DNA. However, unlike classical PAMPs receptors involved in the activation of immune cells, Lf may act either as a competitor for these receptors or as a partner molecule, depending on the physiological status of the organism. These immunomodulatory properties are explained by the ability of Lf to interact with proteoglycans and receptors on the surface of mammalian cells: cells of the innate (NK cells, neutrophils, macrophages, basophils, neutrophils and mast cells) and adaptive [lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs)] immune systems, and also epithelial and endothelial cells. Through these interactions, Lf is able to modulate the migration, maturation and functions of immune cells, and thus to influence both adaptive and innate immunities. The understanding of the roles of the host-expressed Lf in immunity comes from in vivo and in vitro studies with exogenous Lf which, although informative, rarely reflect the pathological, or non-pathological, conditions in the organism. In this review, the data from the literature will be critically analyzed in order to present a real picture of the regulatory roles of host Lf in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Legrand
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, IFR 147, Bâtiment C9, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
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Al-Shaibi N, Ghosh SK. A novel cell-surface protein CSP82 on bone marrow stem cells and a cytosolic phosphoprotein DP58 (ankyrinRD 34B) are involved in promyeloid progenitor induction. Cell Immunol 2009; 258:172-80. [PMID: 19524877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular events associated with the development of common myeloid progenitor (CMP) remain largely unknown. This study reports that a novel glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored lactoferrin CSP82 on uninitiated mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) may be involved in inducing pro-DC from CMP. By peptide mass fingerprinting, CSP82 has been identified as the mouse lactoferrin precursor, but unlike the latter, it occurs as a GPI-linked cell-surface protein. The GPI-linkage was demonstrated on BMC-derived immunoprecipitates and by other techniques. Furthermore, BMC and hematopoietic stem BM cells following incubation with either CSP82 peptide antibody or purified Reagent A yielded CMP-like progenitors (BM4 cells). These progenitors expressed a previously reported cytosolic phosphoprotein DP58 (AnkRD 34B protein). Continued cultivation of BMC in media containing only anti-CSP82 antibody led to DC-like cells, that bore phenotypic and endocytic resemblance with those obtained using GM-CSF. The results suggest that a receptor lactoferrin on BMC may be an important non-cytokine mechanism for early promyeloid progenitor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Al-Shaibi
- Department of Life Sciences, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, USA
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Cheng JB, Wang JQ, Bu DP, Liu GL, Iaschi SPA, Zhang CG, Wei HY, Zhou LY, Wang JZ, Tay KG. The effect of implanting an antigen release device on lactoferrin concentration in serum and milk. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:819-24. [PMID: 18772557 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of implanting an Antigen Release Devices (ARD) into dairy cows during the lactation cycle to induce an immune response. Subsequently, the concentrations of lactoferrin in serum and milk were measured. Forty healthy adult Chinese Holstein cows were divided into two equal groups: a test group and a control group. Animals in the test group received ARD implants, whereas the control group animals were not treated. An even spread across the two groups was maintained with animal selection based on parity, the lactation days and milk yields. The concentrations of lactoferrin in the serum and milk of all forty animals were measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results show that the implantation of an ARD did not significantly increase the concentration of lactoferrin in the serum and milk throughout the whole experiment period except on two occasions. The levels of lactoferrin in the milk and serum significantly increased on day 7 and on day 11 after implantation (p<0.05). There was a strong correlation between milk lactoferrin and serum lactoferrin (r=0.564, P<0.01). Three separate ARDs were used releasing its antigen load on day 0, 14 and 28 to induce a primary, secondary and tertiary response respectively. As the significant increases in the lactoferrin levels were only observed after the first ARD release, the effects of lactoferrin appears to be associated with the early phase of the immune response, consistent with its role in the host's innate defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Spagnuolo PA, Bird RP, Hoffman-Goetz L. Effect of short-term dietary intake of bovine lactoferrin on intestinal lymphocyte apoptosis in healthy mice. Nutrition 2007; 23:812-7. [PMID: 17826956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the effects of short-term dietary exposure of bovine lactoferrin (Lf) on intestinal lymphocyte apoptosis and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in healthy mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 0% Lf (n = 16), 0.2% Lf (n = 16), and 2.0% Lf (n = 15). Bovine Lf was administered orally, as part of the diet, for 4 consecutive days. Intestinal lymphocytes (ILs) were isolated and analyzed for percentages of CD4, CD8, apoptotic CD4, and apoptotic CD8 cells using flow cytometry. Pro- (caspase-3) and anti- (Bcl-2) apoptotic protein expressions and TNF-alpha expression in ILs were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS There were significant increases in the percentages of CD4 (P = 0.02) and apoptotic CD4 (P = 0.02) ILs in bovine Lf-fed compared with control mice. Percentages of CD8 and apoptotic CD8 cells and expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in ILs did not differ significantly by diet group. In contrast, the expression of TNF-alpha was significantly lower in Lf-fed versus control mice (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Short-term dietary Lf decreased TNF-alpha expression in ILs and increased apoptosis of CD4 ILs in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Legrand D, Elass E, Carpentier M, Mazurier J. Interactions of lactoferrin with cells involved in immune function. Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 84:282-90. [PMID: 16936798 DOI: 10.1139/o06-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activities of lactoferrin (Lf) depend on its capacity to bind iron and on its direct interaction with the surface of microorganisms. Its protective effect also extends to the regulation of the host response to infections. Depending on the immune status of an individual, Lf can have anti-inflammatory properties that downregulate the immune response and prevent septic shock and damage to tissues. It also acts as a promoter of the activation, differentiation, and (or) proliferation of immune cells. Although most of the anti-inflammatory activities are correlated with the neutralization of proinflammatory molecules by Lf, the promoting activity seems to be related to a direct effect of Lf on immune cells. Although the mechanisms that govern these activities are not clearly defined, and probably differ from cell to cell, several cellular targets and possible mechanisms of action are highlighted. The majority of the molecular targets at the surface of cells are multiligand receptors but, interestingly, most of them have been reported as signaling, endocytosis, and nuclear-targeting molecules. This review focuses on the known and putative mechanisms that allow the immunoregulating effect of Lf in its interactions with immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Legrand
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle et Unité Mixte de Recherche n 8576 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France.
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Asberg AE, Videm V. Activation of Neutrophil Granulocytes in an In Vitro Model of a Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Artif Organs 2005; 29:927-36. [PMID: 16305648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2005.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils play a central role in the pathogenesis of postoperative organ dysfunction after surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The researchers used an in vitro roller pump model to investigate the relative importance of the biomaterial, platelets, plasma proteins including activated complement, and flow mode on neutrophil activation as shown by the adhesion, degranulation, and increased the surface expression of CD11b. Neutrophil adhesion to the biomaterial increased with platelet addition, but not with plasma. Biomaterial contact activated neutrophils in a serum-free buffer, but was significantly increased by activated complement. Platelets increased neutrophil degranulation in a serum-free buffer but tended to reduce it in plasma. CD11b expression increased in both media. Complement activation was higher with neutrophils alone than with neutrophils and platelets combined. The roller pump reduced neutrophil adhesion and increased degranulation compared to passive rotation. Neutrophil interaction with platelets and complement were more important for activation than biomaterial contact and use of the roller pump. Improvement of biocompatibility is dependent on modifying complement activation and platelet interaction with neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Elisabeth Asberg
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Dziadek B, Dzitko K, Dlugonska H. Toxoplasma gondii binds human lactoferrin but not transferrin. Exp Parasitol 2005; 110:165-7. [PMID: 15888300 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2005.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Dziadek
- Department of Immunoparasitology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Gabali AM, Anzinger JJ, Spear GT, Thomas LL. Activation by inflammatory stimuli increases neutrophil binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and subsequent infection of lymphocytes. J Virol 2004; 78:10833-6. [PMID: 15367652 PMCID: PMC516387 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.19.10833-10836.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting neutrophils bind human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and efficiently transfer infection to lymphocytes. The present study shows that a brief activation by inflammatory stimuli increases the neutrophil binding levels of both R5 and X4 isolates of HIV-1 at least twofold. The binding occurs independently of CD4, gp120, and incubation temperature and is observed with HIV-1 propagated either in lymphocytes or in HEK293 cells. Significantly, HIV-1 bound to the activated neutrophils accelerates the infection of activated lymphocytes compared to free HIV-1 or to HIV-1 bound to resting neutrophils. It is proposed that these events may contribute to the increased risk of HIV-1 transmission at sites of mucosal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Gabali
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Pkwy., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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17
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Shenoy NG, Gleich GJ, Thomas LL. Eosinophil Major Basic Protein Stimulates Neutrophil Superoxide Production by a Class IAPhosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Protein Kinase C-ζ-Dependent Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 171:3734-41. [PMID: 14500673 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.7.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) is an effective stimulus for neutrophil superoxide (O(2)(-)) production, degranulation, and IL-8 production. In this study we evaluated the participation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and PI3K-associated signaling events in neutrophil activation by MBP. Inhibition of PI3K activity blocked MBP-stimulated O(2)(-) production, but not degranulation or IL-8 production. Measurement of Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473) and Thr(308) confirmed that MBP stimulated PI3K activity and also demonstrated indirectly activation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 by MBP. Genistein and the Src kinase family inhibitor, 4-amino-5-(4-methyphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, inhibited MBP-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. 4-Amino-5-(4-methyphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine also inhibited MBP-stimulated O(2)(-) production. MBP stimulated phosphorylation and translocation of the p85 subunit of class I(A) PI3K, but not translocation of the p110gamma subunit of class I(B) PI3K, to the neutrophil membrane. Inhibition of protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) inhibited MBP-stimulated O(2)(-) production. Measurement of phosphorylated PKCzeta (Thr(410)) and PKCdelta (Thr(505)) confirmed that PKCzeta, but not PKCdelta, is activated in MBP-stimulated neutrophils. The time courses for phosphorylation and translocation of the p85 subunit of class I(A) PI3K, activation of Akt, and activation of PKCzeta were similar. Moreover, inhibition of PI3K activity inhibited MBP-induced activation of PKCzeta. We conclude that MBP stimulates a Src kinase-dependent activation of class I(A) PI3K and, in turn, activation of PKCzeta in neutrophils, which contributes to the activation of NADPH oxidase and the resultant O(2)(-) production in response to MBP stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta G Shenoy
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Ren B, Szalai AJ, Thomas O, Hollingshead SK, Briles DE. Both family 1 and family 2 PspA proteins can inhibit complement deposition and confer virulence to a capsular serotype 3 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2003; 71:75-85. [PMID: 12496151 PMCID: PMC143380 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.1.75-85.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is exceptionally diverse, being classified into two major families which are over 50% divergent by sequence analysis. A family 1 PspA from strain WU2 was previously shown to impede the clearance of pneumococci from mouse blood and to interfere with complement deposition on the bacterial surface. To determine whether a family 2 PspA can perform the same role as family 1 PspA, the family 1 PspA (from strain WU2) was replaced with a family 2 PspA (from strain TIGR4) by molecular genetic methods to make an isogenic pair of strains expressing different PspA proteins. Surface binding of lactoferrin and interference with C3 deposition by the two types of PspA proteins were determined by flow cytometry, and virulence was assessed in a mouse bacteremia model. Although the family 2 PspA appeared to bind less human lactoferrin than did the family 1 PspA, both PspA proteins could interfere with complement deposition on the pneumococcal surface and could provide full virulence in the mouse infection model. A mutant form of the family 2 PspA with a deletion within the choline-binding region was also produced. Pneumococci with this mutant PspA failed to bind human lactoferrin even though the PspA was present on the pneumococcal surface. The mutant PspA only partially interfered with complement deposition and moderately attenuated virulence. These results suggest that family 1 and family 2 PspA proteins play similar roles in virulence and that surface accessibility of PspA is important for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ren
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Lupetti A, Danesi R, van 't Wout JW, van Dissel JT, Senesi S, Nibbering PH. Antimicrobial peptides: therapeutic potential for the treatment of Candida infections. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2002; 11:309-18. [PMID: 11829720 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.11.2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The increasing frequency of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients together with the emergence of strains resistant to currently used antifungal drugs point to an increased need for a new class of antimycotics. Antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates for the treatment of fungal infections since they have both mechanisms of action distinct from available antifungal agents and the ability to regulate the host immune defence systems as well. This review focuses on Candida albicans as a large amount of work on the mechanisms of action of classical antifungals as well as antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, protegrins, histatins and lactoferrin (LF)-derived peptides, has been performed in this yeast. Analogues of these antimicrobial peptides and combinations of antimicrobial peptides with classical antimycotics are under investigation for treatment of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, C5-P Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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