1
|
Zhang X, Huang TY, Yancey J, Luo H, Zhang YW. Role of Rab GTPases in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:828-838. [PMID: 30261139 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises two major pathological hallmarks: extraneuronal deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides ("senile plaques") and intraneuronal aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau ("neurofibrillary tangles"). Aβ is derived from sequential cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ-secretases, while aggregated tau is hyperphosphorylated in AD. Mounting evidence suggests that dysregulated trafficking of these AD-related proteins contributes to AD pathogenesis. Rab proteins are small GTPases that function as master regulators of vesicular transport and membrane trafficking. Multiple Rab GTPases have been implicated in AD-related protein trafficking, and their expression has been observed to be altered in postmortem AD brain. Here we review current implicated roles of Rab GTPase dysregulation in AD pathogenesis. Further elucidation of the pathophysiological role of Rab GTPases will likely reveal novel targets for AD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Timothy Y. Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Joel Yancey
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hong Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yun-wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Z, Xie Y, Chen Y, Yang Q, Quan Z, Dai R, Qing H. Rab21, a Novel PS1 Interactor, Regulates γ-Secretase Activity via PS1 Subcellular Distribution. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3841-3855. [PMID: 28547526 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
γ-Secretase has been a therapeutical target for its key role in cleaving APP to generate β-amyloid (Aβ), the primary constituents of senile plaques and a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Recently, γ-secretase-associating proteins showed promising role in specifically modulating APP processing while sparing Notch signaling; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. A co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) coupled with mass spectrometry proteomic assay for Presenilin1 (PS1, the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase) was firstly conducted to find more γ-secretase-associating proteins. Gene ontology analysis of these results identified Rab21 as a potential PS1 interacting protein, and the interaction between them was validated by reciprocal Co-IP and immunofluorescence assay. Then, molecular and biochemical methods were used to investigate the effect of Rab21 on APP processing. Results showed that overexpression of Rab21 enhanced Aβ generation, while silencing of Rab21 reduced the accumulation of Aβ, which resulted due to change in γ-secretase activity rather than α- or β-secretase. Finally, we demonstrated that Rab21 had no effect on γ-secretase complex synthesis or metabolism but enhanced PS1 endocytosis and translocation to late endosome/lysosome. In conclusion, we identified a novel γ-secretase-associating protein Rab21 and illustrate that Rab21 promotes γ-secretase internalization and translocation to late endosome/lysosome. Moreover, silencing of Rab21 decreases the γ-secretase activity in APP processing thus production of Aβ. All these results open new gateways towards the understanding of γ-secretase-associating proteins in APP processing and make inhibition of Rab21 a promising strategy for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Sun
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yintong Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongji Dai
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Steuble M, Gerrits B, Ludwig A, Mateos JM, Diep TM, Tagaya M, Stephan A, Schätzle P, Kunz B, Streit P, Sonderegger P. Molecular characterization of a trafficking organelle: dissecting the axonal paths of calsyntenin-1 transport vesicles. Proteomics 2011; 10:3775-88. [PMID: 20925061 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin motors play crucial roles in the delivery of membranous cargo to its destination and thus for the establishment and maintenance of cellular polarization. Recently, calsyntenin-1 was identified as a cargo-docking protein for Kinesin-1-mediated axonal transport of tubulovesicular organelles along axons of central nervous system neurons. To further define the function of calsyntenin-1, we immunoisolated calsyntenin-1 organelles from murine brain homogenates and determined their proteome by MS. We found that calsyntenin-1 organelles are endowed with components of the endosomal trafficking machinery and contained the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Detailed biochemical analyses of calsyntenin-1 immunoisolates in conjunction with immunocytochemical colocalization studies with cultured hippocampal neurons, using endosomal marker proteins for distinct subcompartments of the endosomal pathways, indicated that neuronal axons contain at least two distinct, nonoverlapping calsyntenin-1-containing transport packages: one characterized as early-endosomal, APP positive, the other as recycling-endosomal, APP negative. We postulate that calsyntenin-1 acts as a general mediator of anterograde axonal transportation of endosomal vesicles. In this role, calsyntenin-1 may actively contribute to axonal growth and pathfinding in the developing as well as to the maintenance of neuronal polarity in the adult nervous system; further, it may actively contribute to the stabilization of APP during its anterograde axonal trajectory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steuble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bulloj A, Leal MC, Xu H, Castaño EM, Morelli L. Insulin-degrading enzyme sorting in exosomes: a secretory pathway for a key brain amyloid-beta degrading protease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 19:79-95. [PMID: 20061628 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides in senile plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The endocytic pathway has been proposed as a major subcellular site for Abeta generation while the compartments in which Abeta-degrading proteases interact with Abeta are still elusive. It was suggested that extracellular Abeta degradation may take place by plasma-membrane associated proteases or by extracellular proteases, among which insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is the most relevant. However, the mechanisms of IDE secretion are poorly understood. In the present study we used N2a cells to explore if IDE is indeed released through exosomes and the effect of exosomes release on extracellular levels of Abeta. We demonstrated that proteolytically-active plasma membrane associated-IDE is routed in living N2a cells to multivesicular bodies and subsequently, a major fraction is sorted to exosomes. We described that extracellular IDE levels decrease if the generation of multivesicular bodies is interfered and may be positively modulated by exosomes release under stress-induced conditions. Our results reinforce the relevance of functional IDE in the catabolism of extracellular Abeta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Bulloj
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nielsen AL. The coat protein complex II, COPII, protein Sec13 directly interacts with presenilin-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388:571-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Thompson AJ, Williamson R, Schofield E, Stephenson J, Hanger D, Anderton B. Quantitation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 sensitive proteins in neuronal membrane rafts. Proteomics 2009; 9:3022-35. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
7
|
Komano H, Shiraishi H, Kawamura Y, Sai X, Suzuki R, Serneels L, Kawaichi M, Kitamura T, Yanagisawa K. A new functional screening system for identification of regulators for the generation of amyloid beta-protein. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:39627-33. [PMID: 12161439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m205255200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin (PS) is essential for gamma-cleavage, which is required for the generation of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) from the beta-amyloid precursor protein. However, it remains to be clarified how gamma-cleavage is regulated. To elucidate the regulation of PS-mediated gamma-cleavage, we developed a new functional screening method for identifying cDNA that enhances gamma-cleavage. This screening system utilizes our own developed cell line, where the expression of cDNA that enhances gamma-cleavage confers puromycin resistance. The cDNA library is retrovirally delivered to the above-mentioned cell line, allowing the identification of our target cDNAs by a combination of puromycin resistance selection and Abeta assay screening. With this screening method, we isolated several cDNAs enhancing gamma-cleavage, including the previously reported Herp. Here we also demonstrate that Rab1A, identified with this screening, can be a regulator of Abeta generation. Thus, our established screening method is a powerful tool for identifying multiple regulators involved in gamma-cleavage in the Abeta generation pathway, including modulators of gamma-secretase activity or the intracellular trafficking of factors necessary for gamma-cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Komano
- Department of Dementia Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, 36-3 Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|