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Bohnert BN, Dörffel T, Daiminger S, Calaminus C, Aidone S, Falkenau A, Semrau A, Le MJ, Iglauer F, Artunc F. Retrobulbar Sinus Injection of Doxorubicin is More Efficient Than Lateral Tail Vein Injection at Inducing Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice: A Pilot Study. Lab Anim 2019; 53:564-576. [PMID: 30678519 PMCID: PMC7238670 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218824382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in mice is a model for studying experimental
nephrotic syndrome. It corresponds to puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in
rats. In this model, susceptible 129 S1/SvImJ mice are administered a rapid
intravenous injection that can be accomplished via either the lateral tail vein
or the retrobulbar sinus. Because doxorubicin is a highly toxic substance,
extravasation must be avoided during the administration of the intravenous
injection to prevent the development of large necrotizing lesions and
exacerbation of the animals’ stress. In the present study, we compared the
safety and stress of these two injection routes by using histopathological
analyses of the animals’ orbital cavities or tails, respectively. The injection
of 14.5 µg/g body weight doxorubicin into the mice’s lateral tail veins
(n = 9) or retrobulbar sinuses (n = 19)
caused no clinically detectable stress or impairment. Histopathologies of the
specimens five days after doxorubicin injection revealed inflammatory lesions at
the injection sites in both groups. In the orbital sinus specimens from the
retrobulbar-injected group, fibrosis was evident 25 days after injection.
Moreover, while all of the retrobulbar-injected mice (100%) developed nephrotic
syndrome, tail vein-injected mice had a significantly lower response rate (66%,
p = 0.047, Fisher’s exact test) and exhibited only
attenuated features of nephrotic syndrome. It was therefore concluded that
doxorubicin administration via either lateral tail vein or retrobulbar sinus
injections led to a similar induction of histopathological changes with no
effects on the clinical well-being of the mice. However, retrobulbar sinus
injections were more efficient for inducing experimental nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard N Bohnert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörffel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Daiminger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Calaminus
- Werner Siemens Imaging Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandro Aidone
- Werner Siemens Imaging Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Almuth Falkenau
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Germany
| | - Antje Semrau
- Facility for Animal Welfare, Veterinary Service and Laboratory Animal Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mai J Le
- Facility for Animal Welfare, Veterinary Service and Laboratory Animal Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franz Iglauer
- Facility for Animal Welfare, Veterinary Service and Laboratory Animal Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
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Bohnert BN, Artunc F. Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29782000 DOI: 10.3791/57642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is the most extreme manifestation of proteinuric kidney disease and characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema due to sodium retention and hyperlipidemia. To study the pathophysiology of this syndrome, rodent models have been developed based on the injection of toxic substances such as doxorubicin causing podocyte damage. In mice, only few strains are susceptible to this model. In wildtype 129S1/SvImJ mice, the administration of doxorubicin by rapid intravenous injection to the retrobulbar sinus induces experimental nephrotic syndrome that features all the symptoms of human disease including sodium retention and edema. After the onset of proteinuria, mice exhibit increased urinary serine protease activity that leads to the activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and sodium retention. Pharmacological inhibition of urinary serine proteases by the treatment with sustained release aprotinin abrogates ENaC activation and prevents sodium retention. This model is ideal to study the pathophysiology of proteasuria, i.e., the excretion of active serine proteases that cause ENaC activation by the proteolysis of its γ-subunit. This can be regarded as the primary mechanism of ENaC activation and sodium retention in proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard N Bohnert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Tübingen; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), University Tübingen
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Tübingen; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), University Tübingen;
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Kato T, Kurosawa TM, Taketo MM. Proteinuria-induced chronic kidney disease in the ICGN/Oa mice with a mutation of Tensin2 gene. Ren Fail 2009; 31:229-38. [PMID: 19288329 DOI: 10.1080/08860220802669834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ICGN/Oa mice are used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying proteinuria-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, a mutation of tensin2 gene (Tns2) was suggested to be responsible for proteinuria in the inbred ICGN mice. We identified the wild-type (+/+), heterozygous (+/nep), and homozygous (nep/nep) ICGN/Oa mice by PCR assay. The homozygotes developed proteinuria, resulting in nephrotic syndrome (NS) as early as 5 weeks and CKD by 15 weeks. However, the heterozygotes did not show the symptoms of these renal failures. These results indicate that the homozygous tensin2 mutation is necessary for the ICGN/Oa mice to develop proteinuria-induced CKD. Furthermore, we examined the time course of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the kinetics of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in the ICGN/Oa mice using immunohistochemical and TUNEL assays. In the renal parenchyma of the five-week-old homozygotes, the expression of alpha-SMA and type I collagen were higher than those in the age-matched wild-type. Additionally, increased TEC proliferation was found at 5 weeks, and increased TEC apoptosis was by 15 weeks in the homozygotes. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis precedes TEC apoptosis in the proteinuria-induced CKD model mice, and that tubulointerstitial fibrosis may be the triggering event of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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Adamczak M, Gross ML, Krtil J, Koch A, Tyralla K, Amann K, Ritz E. Reversal of Glomerulosclerosis after High-Dose Enalapril Treatment in Subtotally Nephrectomized Rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:2833-42. [PMID: 14569093 DOI: 10.1097/01.asn.0000095248.91994.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Interventions to block the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) halt the progression of renal lesions in renal damage models. It has recently also been reported that established glomerulosclerosis can be reversed by pharmacologic blockade of the RAS. It was the aim of this study to confirm that high doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reverse established glomerulosclerosis and to extend the findings by providing quantitative information on glomerular geometry, podocytes and other glomerular cells, renal vessels and tubulointerstitial tissue. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to subtotal surgical renal ablation (SNX) (n= 27) or sham operation (n= 31) and fed using a pair-feeding protocol. Eight weeks after surgery, rats were either sacrificed or allocated to two arms: enalapril treatment (48 mg/kg body wt per day administered in the drinking fluid for 4 wk) or no treatment. Renal morphology was evaluated after 8 or 12 wk, respectively, by stereology in tissue fixed by pressure-controlled perfusion. Both systolic BP and albumin excretion rate were significantly higher in SNX compared with sham-operated controls. They were significantly reduced in SNX after delayed enalapril treatment. The glomerulosclerosis (GSI), tubulointerstitial (TII), and vascular (VI) damage indices were significantly higher in all SNX groups than in sham-operated controls. At the end of the experiment (12 wk after SNX) GSI, TII, and VI were significantly lower in SNX with delayed enalapril treatment (0.77 ± 0.18, 0.63 ± 0.19 and 0.43 ± 0.16, respectively) compared with untreated SNX (1.64 ± 0.14, 1.16 ± 0.34 and 0.67 ± 0.29, respectively). GSI, TII, and VI were also significantly lower in SNX with delayed enalapril treatment compared with SNX sacrificed without treatment 8 wk after SNX. The same was true for glomerular volume. The number of podocytes was not affected by SNX, but podocyte volume was increased. Both indices remained unaffected by treatment. The numbers of cells within the mesangium and endothelial cells per glomerulus were significantly lower in SNX after delayed enalapril treatment compared with untreated SNX. These results strongly suggest regression of preexisting lesions,i.e., glomerular, tubular, and vascular remodeling as well as reversal of glomerular hypertrophy by ACE inhibitor treatment. The study confirms that high-dose ACE inhibitor treatment causes partial reversal of glomerular as well as interstitial lesions in subtotally nephrectomized rats. E-mail: kerstin.amann@patho.imed.uni-erlangen.de
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Adamczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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