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Wu T, Mester T, Gupta S, Sun F, Smith TJ, Douglas RS. Thyrotropin and CD40L Stimulate Interleukin-12 Expression in Fibrocytes: Implications for Pathogenesis of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 2016; 26:1768-1777. [PMID: 27612658 PMCID: PMC5175425 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased numbers of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, known as fibrocytes, populate the peripheral circulation, orbit, and thyroid of patients with Graves' disease (GD). These cells have been implicated in the development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. They can differentiate into myofibroblasts or adipocytes, produce inflammatory cytokines, and remodel tissue. This study sought to determine whether thyrotropin (TSH) and CD40 ligand (CD40L), implicated in the pathogenesis of GD, induce interleukin-12 (IL-12) in human fibrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS IL-12 protein concentrations and mRNA levels were measured by Luminex and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Flow cytometry assessed intracellular IL-12 concentrations. Vector containing IL-12p40 promoter was transfected into cultured fibrocytes, and promoter activity was monitored using luciferase assay. RESULTS TSH and CD40L stimulated intracellular IL-12 protein accumulation in peripheral blood fibrocytes. Inhibiting Akt and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity diminished IL-12 expression in fibrocytes, while TSH did not induce promoter activity. TSH-mediated IL-12 production required de novo synthesized proteins and augmented IL-12 mRNA stability. IL-12 production mediated by CD40L required tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6. CONCLUSION TSH and CD40L induce IL-12 expression in fibrocytes, and Akt and NF-κB mediate this activity. Given the importance of IL-12 in immune function, its production by fibrocytes may promote an inflammatory immune response and tissue remodeling in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tünde Mester
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shivani Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fengyuan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Terry J. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Raymond S. Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Itoh M. [110th Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine: Educational lecture: 1. Pathophysiology and treatment for autoimmune thyroid disease]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2013; 102:2355-2362. [PMID: 24228427 DOI: 10.2169/naika.102.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyasu Itoh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Japan
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Hoa N, Tsui S, Afifiyan NF, Sinha Hikim A, Li B, Douglas RS, Smith TJ. Nuclear targeting of IGF-1 receptor in orbital fibroblasts from Graves' disease: apparent role of ADAM17. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34173. [PMID: 22506015 PMCID: PMC3323600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) comprises two subunits, including a ligand binding domain on extra- cellular IGF-1Rα and a tyrosine phosphorylation site located on IGF-1Rβ. IGF-1R is over-expressed by orbital fibroblasts in the autoimmune syndrome, Graves' disease (GD). When activated by IGF-1 or GD-derived IgG (GD-IgG), these fibroblasts produce RANTES and IL-16, while those from healthy donors do not. We now report that IGF-1 and GD-IgG provoke IGF-1R accumulation in the cell nucleus of GD fibroblasts where it co-localizes with chromatin. Nuclear IGF-1R is detected with anti-IGF-1Rα-specific mAb and migrates to approximately 110 kDa, consistent with its identity as an IGF-1R fragment. Nuclear IGF-1R migrating as a 200 kDa protein and consistent with an intact receptor was undetectable when probed with either anti-IGF-1Rα or anti-IGF-1Rβ mAbs. Nuclear redistribution of IGF-1R is absent in control orbital fibroblasts. In GD fibroblasts, it can be abolished by an IGF-1R-blocking mAb, 1H7 and by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids. When cell-surface IGF-1R is cross-linked with 125I IGF-1, 125I-IGF-1/IGF-1R complexes accumulate in the nuclei of GD fibroblasts. This requires active ADAM17, a membrane associated metalloproteinase, and the phosphorylation of IGF-1R. In contrast, virally encoded IGF-1Rα/GFP fusion protein localizes equivalently in nuclei in both control and GD fibroblasts. This result suggests that generation of IGF-1R fragments may limit the accumulation of nuclear IGF-1R. We thus identify a heretofore-unrecognized behavior of IGF-1R that appears limited to GD-derived fibroblasts. Nuclear IGF-1R may play a role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hoa
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Shanli Tsui
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nikoo F. Afifiyan
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amiya Sinha Hikim
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Raymond S. Douglas
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Terry J. Smith
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yamada T, Komiya I, Miyahara Y, Komatsu M, Shima I, Inazawa T, Aizawa T. Effect of methimazole treatment for 2 years on circulating IL-4, IgE, TBII, and TSAb in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease. Endocr J 2006; 53:783-8. [PMID: 16983180 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k06-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we confirmed our previous findings on the importance of IgE in Graves' disease and further investigated the relationships existing among Graves' disease, IgE, and interleukin-4. Two hundred and thirty-two newly diagnosed Graves' disease patients were treated with methimazole for 2 years, and were classified into 3 groups according to their response to the therapy. Incidence of IgE elevation (IgE> or =170 IU/ml) before treatment was lowest, 23.8%, in the group who achieved remission without recurrence, while it was 41.7% in the group who achieved remission but recurrence occurred within 4 years. Incidence of IgE elevation before treatment was highest, 60.7%, in the group who failed to achieve remission, significantly higher than that of the group without recurrence. Incidence of IgE elevation before treatment in all these patients of Graves' disease were 35.3%, significantly higher than those of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (17.5%) and of simple goiter (7.0%). Serum IL-4 levels before treatment were significantly higher in the patients of Graves' disease with IgE elevation than in those without IgE elevation. Serum T4 concentration and TSAb titration before treatment were also significantly higher in elevated IgE group than in normal IgE group. These results support our previous findings and suggest that IL-4 may play important roles in the elevation of IgE, TBII, and TSAb in patients of Graves' disease, and that IL-4 and IgE may be involved in the development, progression, and maintenance of Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kashiwa City Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Murakami S, Okubo K, Tsuji Y, Sakata H, Kikuchi M, Takahashi T, Kato T, Hirayama R. Serum levels of interleukin-12 in Graves' disease and their dynamic changes after surgery. Surg Today 2006; 35:1016-20. [PMID: 16341480 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-005-3083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in Graves' disease, we measured the pre- and postoperative levels of serum IL-12 in patients undergoing surgery for Graves' disease. METHODS The subjects of this study were 73 patients with Graves' disease, admitted for surgical treatment after taking antithyroid drugs for various durations. We collected blood from 11 of these patients, 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, to measure the serum IL-12 levels using a Human IL-12 +p40 Immunoassay Kit. RESULTS The preoperative levels of serum IL-12 were higher in patients with Graves' disease than in healthy controls. Based on the preoperative data, there was a significant relationship between the levels of serum IL-12 and free T3. An analysis of the postoperative time course of these 11 patients showed that the levels of serum IL-12 decreased gradually from 1 month to 6 months, postoperatively. There was also a significant correlation between the levels of serum IL-12 and soluble IL-2R, and a significant negative correlation between the levels of serum IL-12 and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody. CONCLUSION Measurement of the levels of serum IL-12 may be a valuable immunological marker in the time course of treatment for Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saburo Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical School, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
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Yamamoto N, Watanabe M, Matsuzuka F, Miyauchi A, Iwatani Y. Lower concentration of serum soluble CD8 in severe Hashimoto's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 137:601-5. [PMID: 15320913 PMCID: PMC1809145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the roles of soluble CD4 (sCD4) and CD8 (sCD8) in the severity of autoimmune thyroid diseases, we examined serum concentrations of sCD4 and sCD8 in various degrees of severity of Hashimoto's disease (HD) and Graves' disease (GD) by enzyme immunoassay. The serum concentration of sCD8 was lower in euthyroid patients with HD undergoing treatment for hypothyroidism (severe HD) than in untreated, euthyroid patients with HD (mild HD), but the sCD4 concentration did not differ between patients with severe and mild HD. The serum sCD8 concentration was negatively correlated with the proportion of CD25(+) cells in CD8(+) cells in patients with severe HD. Serum sCD4 and sCD8 concentrations did not differ between euthyroid patients with GD in remission and those with intractable GD. These results indicate that serum sCD8 is involved in the severity of HD, possibly by down-regulating the function of cytotoxic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamamoto
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Course of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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