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Nakayama J, Tan L, Li Y, Goh BC, Wang S, Makinoshima H, Gong Z. A zebrafish embryo screen utilizing gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as a suppressor of EMT-mediated metastasis. eLife 2021; 10:e70151. [PMID: 34919051 PMCID: PMC8824480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality but few models exist that allow for rapid and effective screening of anti-metastasis drugs. Current mouse models of metastasis are too expensive and time consuming to use for rapid and high-throughput screening. Therefore, we created a unique screening concept utilizing conserved mechanisms between zebrafish gastrulation and cancer metastasis for identification of potential anti-metastatic drugs. We hypothesized that small chemicals that interrupt zebrafish gastrulation might also suppress metastatic progression of cancer cells and developed a phenotype-based chemical screen to test the hypothesis. The screen used epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement in gastrulation, as a marker and enabled 100 chemicals to be tested in 5 hr. The screen tested 1280 FDA-approved drugs and identified pizotifen, an antagonist for serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) as an epiboly-interrupting drug. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HTR2C suppressed metastatic progression in a mouse model. Blocking HTR2C with pizotifen restored epithelial properties to metastatic cells through inhibition of Wnt signaling. In contrast, HTR2C induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through activation of Wnt signaling and promoted metastatic dissemination of human cancer cells in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, our concept offers a novel platform for discovery of anti-metastasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion CenterTsuruokaJapan
| | - Lora Tan
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Mostafavi-Pour Z, Ashrafi MR, Talaei-Khozani T. Down regulation of ITGA4 and ITGA5 genes after formation of 3D spherules by human Wharton's jelly stem cells (hWJSCs). Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:245-252. [PMID: 29411210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJSCs) are multipotent stem cells that could be aggregated into 3D spherules. ITGA4 and ITGA5 genes encode α4 and α5 subunits of integrins, respectively. In this study, we analyzed expression levels of ITGA4 and ITGA5 gene mRNAs in undifferentiated and 3D spherules forming hWJSCs in order to determine their expression pattern for possible future treatment of cancer cells in a co-culture fashion. For the purpose of obtaining hWJSCs, umbilical cords were collected from patients with caesarian section at full term delivery. The cells were then characterized according to cell surface markers using flow cytometry. Furthermore pluripotency of the obtained cells was verified. Subsequently the cells were aggregated in 3D spherules using hanging drop cultures. Expression levels of ITGA4 and ITGA5 gene mRNAs were determined by RT-PCR and Real time PCR, both in the initial undifferentiated cells and those aggregated in the spherules. The obtained hWJSCs demonstrated pluripotency, differentiating to adipogenic and osteogenic cells. They also expressed mesenchymal stem cell surface markers. Following the aggregation of these cells and formation of 3D spherules, mRNA expression levels of both genes were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared with the initial undifferentiated state. The results of this study demonstrated that aggregation of hWJSCs into spherules alters their expression of ITGA4 and ITGA5. The implications of such an alteration would require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Advance Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashrafi
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Urbano JM, Domínguez-Giménez P, Estrada B, Martín-Bermudo MD. PS integrins and laminins: key regulators of cell migration during Drosophila embryogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23893. [PMID: 21949686 PMCID: PMC3174947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, there are numerous cases where organ or tissue formation depends upon the migration of primordial cells. In the Drosophila embryo, the visceral mesoderm (vm) acts as a substrate for the migration of several cell populations of epithelial origin, including the endoderm, the trachea and the salivary glands. These migratory processes require both integrins and laminins. The current model is that αPS1βPS (PS1) and/or αPS3βPS (PS3) integrins are required in migrating cells, whereas αPS2βPS (PS2) integrin is required in the vm, where it performs an as yet unidentified function. Here, we show that PS1 integrins are also required for the migration over the vm of cells of mesodermal origin, the caudal visceral mesoderm (CVM). These results support a model in which PS1 might have evolved to acquire the migratory function of integrins, irrespective of the origin of the tissue. This integrin function is highly specific and its specificity resides mainly in the extracellular domain. In addition, we have identified the Laminin α1,2 trimer, as the key extracellular matrix (ECM) component regulating CVM migration. Furthermore, we show that, as it is the case in vertebrates, integrins, and specifically PS2, contributes to CVM movement by participating in the correct assembly of the ECM that serves as tracks for migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Urbano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, (CSIC)-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paloma Domínguez-Giménez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Estrada
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, (CSIC)-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María D. Martín-Bermudo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, (CSIC)-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Hammerschmidt M, Wedlich D. Regulated adhesion as a driving force of gastrulation movements. Development 2009; 135:3625-41. [PMID: 18952908 DOI: 10.1242/dev.015701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent data have reinforced the fundamental role of regulated cell adhesion as a force that drives morphogenesis during gastrulation. As we discuss, cell adhesion is required for all modes of gastrulation movements in all organisms. It can even be instructive in nature, but it must be tightly and dynamically regulated. The picture that emerges from the recent findings that we review here is that different modes of gastrulation movements use the same principles of adhesion regulation, while adhesion molecules themselves coordinate the intra- and extracellular changes required for directed cell locomotion.
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Tucker M, Han M. Muscle cell migrations of C. elegans are mediated by the alpha-integrin INA-1, Eph receptor VAB-1, and a novel peptidase homologue MNP-1. Dev Biol 2008; 318:215-23. [PMID: 18452914 PMCID: PMC2453148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental process occurring during embryonic development and tissue morphogenesis. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, morphogenesis of the body-wall musculature involves short-range migrations of 81 embryonic muscle cells from the lateral surface of the embryo towards the dorsal and ventral midlines. This study shows that mutations in ina-1 (alpha-integrin), as well as vab-1 (Eph receptor), and vab-2 (ephrin), display defects in embryonic muscle cell migration. Furthermore, an RNAi-based enhancer screen in an ina-1 weak loss-of-function background identified mnp-1 (matrix non-peptidase homologue-1) as a previously uncharacterized gene required for promoting proper migration of the embryonic muscle cells. mnp-1 encodes a membrane associated metalloproteinase homologue that is predicted to be catalytically inactive. Our data suggest that MNP-1 is expressed in migrating muscle cells and localizes to the plasma membrane with the non-peptidase domain exposed to the extra-cellular environment. Double-mutant analysis between mnp-1(RNAi), ina-1, and vab-1 mutations; as well as tissue specific rescue experiments; indicated that each of these gene products function predominantly independent of each other and from different cell types to affect muscle cell migration. Together these results suggest complex interactions between the adjacent epidermal, neuronal, and muscle cells are required to promote proper muscle cell migration during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Tucker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Campus Box 0347, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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Bang JIY, Kim EY, Seong NS, Shin YS, Kang IC. ProteoChip-based library screening of integrin α5β1 antagonists from korean medicinal plant extracts. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:1584-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02977328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bökel C, Brown NH. Integrins in development: moving on, responding to, and sticking to the extracellular matrix. Dev Cell 2002; 3:311-21. [PMID: 12361595 DOI: 10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors of the extracellular matrix present in all animals. Genetic analysis in worms, flies, and vertebrates has revealed integrin involvement in key developmental processes, and we focus here on examples of integrin functions that are comparable across these model organisms. Integrins contribute to cell movement by providing traction to migrating cells, through assembly of extracellular matrices that can serve as tracks for migration, and by transmitting guidance signals that direct cells or cell processes to their targets. Integrins also participate in signaling events that govern tissue differentiation and organogenesis. Finally, adhesion by integrin-mediated junctions allows tissues to withstand mechanical load and is essential for tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bökel
- Department of Anatomy, Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
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Goltzené F, Skalski M, Wolff CM, Meyer D, Mager-Heckel AM, Darribère T, Remy P. Heterotopic expression of the Xl-Fli transcription factor during Xenopus embryogenesis: modification of cell adhesion and engagement in the apoptotic pathway. Exp Cell Res 2000; 260:233-47. [PMID: 11035918 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the Xenopus laevis embryo, the overexpression of the Xl-FLI protein, a transcription factor of the ETS family, provokes severe developmental anomalies, which affect anteroposterior and dorsoventral polarities, optic cup formation, head cartilage morphogenesis, and erythrocyte differentiation. It has been proposed that these effects could be correlated to modifications of cell adhesion properties and/or to an increased engagement of cells in the apoptotic pathway during early development (Remy et al., Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40, 577-589, 1996). To address these questions, we have first analyzed the behavior of cells overexpressing the protein in both aggregation and adhesion assays. We observe perturbations of cell-cell interactions as well as perturbations of cell adhesion and spreading on fibronectin and extracellular matrix (ECM). Second, we have analyzed apoptosis of cells overexpressing the Xl-FLI protein, by testing DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity and by performing TUNEL assay. We show that Xl-Fli overexpression results in the appearance of hallmarks of apoptosis, including exclusion of cells from the interior of the embryo, internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA and dose-dependent induction of caspase-3, resulting in the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, a dominant-negative mutation of BMPs receptors decreases the effects of Xl-Fli overexpression, suggesting that a modification of the BMP signalling could be responsible for increased apoptosis. The latter appears to affect predominantly ventral and ventrolateral regions of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Goltzené
- FRE 2168 du CNRS "MMDCD,", Institut de Physiologie et Chimie Biologique, 21 rue René Descartes, Strasbourg-cedex, 67084, France
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Darribère T, Schwarzbauer JE. Fibronectin matrix composition and organization can regulate cell migration during amphibian development. Mech Dev 2000; 92:239-50. [PMID: 10727862 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an adhesive extracellular matrix component that is essential for vertebrate development. It forms a fibrillar matrix at the cell surface which controls cell morphology, migration, proliferation, and other important cellular processes. To address specific functions of FN matrix structure during early vertebrate development, we introduced normal and mutant recombinant FNs (recFNs) into the blastocoel cavity of embryos of the amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. Here we show that a native recFN FN(A-B-) as well as recFNs with specific mutations in the cell-binding domain, FN(RGD-) and FN(syn-), or in a FN-binding region, FNDeltaIII(1), are assembled into fibrillar matrix. A recFN (FNDeltaIII(1-7)) that forms a structurally distinct matrix in cultured cells was assembled into aggregates at the cell periphery and was able to inhibit assembly of endogenous amphibian FN matrix in a dose-dependent manner. Cell adhesion, spreading, and migration were perturbed in vitro and in vivo on chimeric matrices containing FN(RGD-), FN(syn-), or FNDeltaIII(1-7) co-assembled with amphibian FN. Developmentally, this perturbation resulted in defects in mesoderm patterning and inhibition of gastrulation. These results indicate that FN matrix fibrillar structure and composition are important determinants of cell adhesion and migration during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Darribère
- Université P. et M. Curie, U.M.R. CNRS 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Développement, Equipe Adhesion et Migration Cellulaires, 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75252, Paris, France.
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Schor SL, Ellis I, Banyard J, Schor AM. Motogenic activity of IGD-containing synthetic peptides. J Cell Sci 1999; 112 ( Pt 22):3879-88. [PMID: 10547349 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112.22.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the IGD amino acid motif (iso-gly-asp) is a highly conserved feature of the fibronectin type I module, no biological activity has as yet been ascribed to it. We have previously reported that the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin stimulates the migration of human skin fibroblasts into native, but not denatured, type I collagen substrata. Two IGD-containing type I modules are present within the gelatin-binding domain. The object of this study was to ascertain whether soluble synthetic peptides containing the IGD motif stimulate fibroblast migration. We found that IGD peptides stimulated fibroblast migration in the following order of activity: IGDS (as present in the ninth type I module) > IGDQ (as present in the seventh type I module) > IGD. The scrambled SDGI peptide and the well-characterised RGDS peptide were devoid of motogenic activity. The migratory response of fibroblasts to IGD-containing peptides consisted of two distinct phases: an initial period of peptide-mediated cell activation and a subsequent period of enhanced migration manifest in the absence of further IGD peptide. Cell activation was substratum-independent (occurring equally well on both native and denatured type I collagen substrata), whilst the manifestation of enhanced migration was persistent and substratum-dependent (being evident only by cells adherent to a native collagen substratum). Our data further indicated that cell activation (1) is elicited by a signal transduction cascade occurring within minutes of cell exposure to IGD-containing peptides, (2) is dependent upon integrin alphavbeta3 functionality, (3) involves the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (ppFAK125) and (4) is inhibited by signalling mediated through integrin alpha5beta1. The expression of migration stimulating activity by soluble IGD-containing peptides clearly distinguishes them from their RGD counterparts. This is the first identified biological activity of the highly conserved IGD motif and provides a rational platform for the development of a novel family of therapeutic compounds designed to stimulate cell migration in relevant clinical situations, such as impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Schor
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HR, Scotland, UK.
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