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Seiber JN. Fumio Matsumura--accomplishments at the University of California, Davis, and in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 120:64-67. [PMID: 25987222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fumio Matsumura joined the University of California, Davis, faculty in 1987 where he served as founding director of the Center for Environmental Health Sciences, associate director of the U.C. Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program, and chair of the Department of Environmental Toxicology. He was an active affiliate with the NIEHS-funded Superfund Basic Research Program and the NIH Comprehensive Cancer Center. He was in many instances a primary driver or otherwise involved in most activities related to environmental toxicology at Davis, including the education of students in environmental biochemistry and ecotoxicology. A significant part of his broad research program was focused on the long range transport of chemicals such as toxaphene, PCBs and related contaminants used or released in California to the Sierra Nevada mountains, downwind of the urban and agricultural regions of the state. He hypothesized that these chemical residues adversely affected fish and wildlife, and particularly the declining populations of amphibians in Sierra Nevada streams and lakes. Fumio and his students and colleagues found residues of toxaphene and PCBs at higher elevations, an apparent result of atmospheric drift and deposition in the mountains. Fumio and his wife Teruko had personal interests in, and a love of the mountains, as avid skiers, hikers, and outdoor enthusiasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Seiber
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Ackerman LK, Schwindt AR, Simonich SL, Koch DC, Blett TF, Schreck CB, Kent ML, Landers DH. Atmospherically deposited PBDEs, pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs in western U.S. National Park fish: concentrations and consumption guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:2334-41. [PMID: 18504962 PMCID: PMC4145840 DOI: 10.1021/es702348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in 136 fish from 14 remote lakes in 8 western U.S. National Parks/Preserves between 2003 and 2005 and compared to human and wildlife contaminant health thresholds. A sensitive (median detection limit--18 pg/g wet weight), efficient (61% recovery at 8 ng/g), reproducible (4.1% relative standard deviation (RSD)), and accurate (7% deviation from standard reference material (SRM)) analytical method was developed and validated for these analyses. Concentrations of PCBs, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes, DDTs, and chlordanes in western U.S. fish were comparable to or lower than mountain fish recently collected from Europe, Canada, and Asia. Dieldrin and PBDE concentrations were higher than recent measurements in mountain fish and Pacific Ocean salmon. Concentrations of most contaminants in western U.S. fish were 1-6 orders of magnitude below calculated recreational fishing contaminant health thresholds. However, lake average contaminant concentrations in fish exceeded subsistence fishing cancer thresholds in 8 of 14 lakes and wildlife contaminant health thresholds for piscivorous birds in 1 of 14 lakes. These results indicate that atmospherically deposited organic contaminants can accumulate in high elevation fish, reaching concentrations relevant to human and wildlife health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke K. Ackerman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Adam R. Schwindt
- Center for Fish Disease Research-Department of Microbiology; Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Staci L. Simonich
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Corresponding author: phone +5417379194; fax +5417370497;
| | - Dan C. Koch
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | | | - Carl B. Schreck
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit-US Geological Survey, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Center for Fish Disease Research-Department of Microbiology; Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Dixon H. Landers
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97335
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Kallenborn R. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as environmental risk factors in remote high-altitude ecosystems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2006; 63:100-7. [PMID: 16399161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Revised: 02/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and their transformation products, are the most investigated organic environmental contaminants within the past five decades. Organochlorines have been found in virtually all environmental compartments on the globe. Severe environmental implications have been shown to be associated with the presence of the POP group of contaminants in the environment. However, in the late 1990s, Canadian scientists first pinpointed the implication of POPs for high-altitude environments in a comprehensive way (Blais et al., 1998, Nature 395, 585-588). Under certain meteorological and geographic conditions, high-altitude environments can serve as "cold condensers" for atmospheric POP loadings. Subsequent investigations in high-altitude environments in Asia, Europe, and North and South America have confirmed suspicions that high-altitude mountainous regions have the potential to serve as focus regions for POPs and even for nonpersistent, medium-lived contaminants, such as "currently used pesticides", due to cold condensation and deposition in high altitudes. Although the presence and the altitude-dependent increase of POP levels in mountainous regions are confirmed by many international studies, the ecotoxicological consequences still remain largely unknown. At present, only a few studies have been published describing the biological effects in high-altitude environments due to increased POP exposure. Therefore, in this early stage of the international research effort on the ecotoxicological risk evaluation of persistent contaminants in high-altitude, pristine ecosystems, the present review intends to summarize the current state of research on POPs in high-altitude environments and draw preliminary conclusions on possible consequences of the presence of POPs in mountainous ecosystems based on currently available information from alpine and related Arctic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kallenborn
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
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Daly GL, Wania F. Organic contaminants in mountains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:385-398. [PMID: 15707037 DOI: 10.1021/es048859u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of organic contaminants at high altitudes is motivated by the potential risk that they pose to humans living in, or depending on resources derived from, mountains and to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in alpine areas. Mountains are also ideal settings to study contaminant transport and behavior along gradients of climate and surface cover. Information on organic contaminants in mountains is compiled from the literature and synthesized, with a focus on atmospheric transport and deposition, contaminant dynamics in alpine lakes and aquatic organisms, and concentration differences with altitude. Diurnal mountain winds, in connection with enhanced deposition at higher elevations caused by low temperatures and high precipitation rates, conspire to make mid-latitude mountains become convergence zones for selected persistent organic chemicals. In particular, the more volatile constituents of contaminant mixtures seem to become enriched, relative to the less volatile constituents at higher altitudes. For selected contaminants, concentration inversions (i.e., concentrations that increase with elevation) have been observed. A notable difference between cold trapping in high latitudes and high altitudes is the likely importance of precipitation. High rates of snow deposition in mid- and high-latitude mountains may lead to a large contaminant release during snowmelt. Regions above the tree line often have little capacity to retain the released contaminants, suggesting the potential for a highly dynamic contaminant fate situation during the snow-free season with significant revolatilization and runoff. The chemical and environmental factors that control the orographic cold trapping of organic contaminants should be examined further by measuring and comparatively interpreting concentration gradients along several mountain slopes with widely different characteristics. Future efforts should further focus on the bioaccumulation and potential effects of contaminants in the upper trophic levels of alpine food chains, on measuring more water-soluble, persistent organic contaminants, and on studying how climate change may affect contaminant dynamics in mountain settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L Daly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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Bayen S, Giusti P, Lee HK, Barlow PJ, Obard JP. Bioaccumulation of DDT pesticide in cultured Asian seabass following dietary exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2005; 68:51-65. [PMID: 15739804 DOI: 10.1080/15287390590524037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation and metabolism of p,p'-DDT was studied in the marine carnivorous fish Lates calcarifer, Asian seabass, in a controlled aquaculture experiment. Over a 42-d period, seabass were fed pellets dosed with p,p'-DDT at environmentally realistic levels. Virtually all p,p'-DDT in pellets bioaccumulated in the fish with an uptake efficiency of 98%. The levels of p,p'-DDT and the metabolites p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE were analyzed in muscle, liver, visceral fat, brain, and remaining tissues. Partitioning of p,p'-DDT and its metabolites among the control, low-dose, and high-dose exposed seabass were 14.8% in muscle, 3.5% in liver, 37.1% in visceral fat, 0.11% in brain, and 45.5% in remaining tissues, where partitioning between tissues was a function of tissue lipid content. p,p'-DDT bioaccumulation increased linearly with exposure in visceral fat and muscle tissue. The metabolism of p,p'-DDT, which occurs mainly in the liver, resulted in the degradation of 2.5% of p,p'-DDT into p,p'-DDD. These new findings show that bioaccumulation processes at environmentally realistic ingestion exposure levels (ng/g) differ from previous DDT ingestion studies conducted at unrealistically high DDT levels (microg/g), highlighting the need to revise models on the transfer of persistent organic pollutants in the marine environment and aquaculture systems.
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Ohyama K, Angermann J, Dunlap DY, Matsumura F. Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticide residues in trout in the Sierra Nevada. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2004; 33:1752-1764. [PMID: 15356235 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine compounds are known to be atmospherically transported to long distances from their original sources. To understand the influence of California's Sierra Nevada range on the air transport and subsequent distribution pattern of some of these residues within the range, we have chosen salmonid fish as an indicator species. Fish were collected from 10 locations throughout the northern and central Sierra Nevada and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), toxaphene, chlordane, and DDT [1,1,1-trichloro, 2,2'-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane] residues in muscle tissue were analyzed. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were found in all sampling locations, and therefore analyses mainly focused on this species. When similar-sized rainbow trout samples from several similar oligotrophic, high-altitude lakes and streams were compared, it became apparent that altitude is one of the factors affecting the residual levels of PCB (r(2) = 0.882), but not for total DDT, toxaphene, or chlordane in trout. Analysis of correlations among these four organochlorine compound residue groups indicated that there are modest correlations in patterns of distribution between chlordane vs. toxaphene (r(2) = 0.345), and chlordane vs. total DDT (r(2) = 0.239), but toxaphene residues are not correlated with PCB or total DDT. In view of significant correlation to the altitude it is concluded that PCB residue in rainbow trout is a good monitoring tool for studying the effect of high-altitude mountain ranges on the long-range transport and distribution of those persistent pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Ohyama
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and the Center for Ecological Health Research, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Louis ED. Etiology of essential tremor: should we be searching for environmental causes? Mov Disord 2001; 16:822-9. [PMID: 11746611 DOI: 10.1002/mds.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E D Louis
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Fåhraeus-Van Ree GE, Spurrell DR. Effect of toxaphene on isolated hepatocytes of the yellowtail flounder, Pleuronectes ferrugineus storer. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2000; 46:289-297. [PMID: 10903826 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The histochemical and enzyme cytochemical effects of Toxaphene were investigated using isolated hepatocytes in suspension culture from laboratory-bred juvenile, female yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus). Hepatocytes were kept in suspension culture for 4 days and exposed for 3 days to a control medium, to a medium with hexane (the solvent of Toxaphene), or to a medium with Toxaphene in two different concentrations (1 and 10 mocrog/ml). Subsequently, the cultivated cells were examined histochemically (Sudan black B, oil red O, Schmorl's reaction) and enzyme cytochemically (acid phosphatase, NADPH-ferrohemoprotein reductase). Toxaphene decreased the viability of the isolated cells significantly, as compared to the control suspensions. Toxaphene also increased the storage of total and neutral lipids (as demonstrated by Sudan black B and oil red O, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Toxaphene increased the enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase, and increased the storage of lipofuscin pigment (as demonstrated by the Schmorl's reaction) within the hepatocytes, suggesting an increase in the number and/or size of the lysosomes. Hexane did not have a significant toxic effect on the isolated hepatocytes. It is concluded that Toxaphene is potentially toxic to fish in a marine environment and that this in vitro system may provide a model for assessing the direct effect of various toxicants on fish hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Fåhraeus-Van Ree
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada.
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