1
|
Castro J, Ribó M, Vilanova M, Benito A. Strengths and Challenges of Secretory Ribonucleases as AntiTumor Agents. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:82. [PMID: 33435285 PMCID: PMC7828032 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches to develop effective drugs to kill cancer cells are mainly focused either on the improvement of the currently used chemotherapeutics or on the development of targeted therapies aimed at the selective destruction of cancer cells by steering specific molecules and/or enhancing the immune response. The former strategy is limited by its genotoxicity and severe side effects, while the second one is not always effective due to tumor cell heterogeneity and variability of targets in cancer cells. Between these two strategies, several approaches target different types of RNA in tumor cells. RNA degradation alters gene expression at different levels inducing cell death. However, unlike DNA targeting, it is a pleotropic but a non-genotoxic process. Among the ways to destroy RNA, we find the use of ribonucleases with antitumor properties. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the understanding of the mechanism by which these enzymes kill cancer cells and in the development of more effective variants. All the approaches seek to maintain the requirements of the ribonucleases to be specifically cytotoxic for tumor cells. These requirements start with the competence of the enzymes to interact with the cell membrane, a process that is critical for their internalization and selectivity for tumor cells and continue with the downstream effects mainly relying on changes in the RNA molecular profile, which are not only due to the ribonucleolytic activity of these enzymes. Although the great improvements achieved in the antitumor activity by designing new ribonuclease variants, some drawbacks still need to be addressed. In the present review, we will focus on the known mechanisms used by ribonucleases to kill cancer cells and on recent strategies to solve the shortcomings that they show as antitumor agents, mainly their pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Hospital de Santa Caterina, Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Hospital de Santa Caterina, Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Hospital de Santa Caterina, Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Hospital de Santa Caterina, Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vert A, Castro J, Ribó M, Benito A, Vilanova M. Activating transcription factor 3 is crucial for antitumor activity and to strengthen the antiviral properties of Onconase. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11692-11707. [PMID: 28035074 PMCID: PMC5355296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Onconase is a ribonuclease that presents both antitumor and antiviral properties linked to its ribonucleolytic activity and represents a new class of RNA-damaging drugs. It has reached clinical trials for the treatment of several cancers and human papilloma virus warts. Onconase targets different RNAs in the cell cytosol but Onconase-treated cells present features that are different from a simple arrest of protein synthesis. We have used microarray-derived transcriptional profiling to identify Onconase-regulated genes in two ovarian cancer cell lines (NCI/ADR-RES and OVCAR-8). RT-qPCR analyses have confirmed the microarray findings. We have identified a network of up-regulated genes implicated in different signaling pathways that may explain the cytotoxic effects exerted by Onconase. Among these genes, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays a central role in the key events triggered by Onconase in treated cancer cells that finally lead to apoptosis. This mechanism, mediated by ATF3, is cell-type independent. Up-regulation of ATF3 may also explain the antiviral properties of this ribonuclease because this factor is involved in halting viral genome replication, keeping virus latency or preventing viral oncogenesis. Finally, Onconase-regulated genes are different from those affected by nuclear-directed ribonucleases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vert
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hodge T, Draper K, Brasel T, Freiberg A, Squiquera L, Sidransky D, Sulley J, Taxman DJ. Antiviral effect of ranpirnase against Ebola virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 132:210-8. [PMID: 27350309 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent epidemic of Ebola has intensified the need for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics that prolong and improve survival against deadly viral diseases. We sought to determine whether ranpirnase, an endoribonuclease from Rana pipiens with a demonstrated human safety profile in phase III oncology trials, can reduce titers of Ebola virus (EBOV) in infected cells, protect mice against mouse-adapted EBOV challenge, and reduce virus levels in infected mice. Our results demonstrate that 0.50 μg/ml ranpirnase is potently effective at reducing EBOV Zaire Kikwit infection in cultured Vero E6 cells (Selectivity Index 47.8-70.2). In a prophylactic study, a single intravenous dose of 0.1 mg/kg ranpirnase protected 70% of mice from progressive infection. Additionally, in a post-exposure prophylactic study, 100% of female mice survived infection after intraperitoneal administration of 0.1 mg/kg ranpirnase for ten days beginning 1 h post challenge. Most of the male counterparts were sacrificed due to weight loss by Study Day 8 or 9; however, the Clinical Activity/Behavior scores of these mice remained low and no significant microscopic pathologies could be detected in the kidneys, livers or spleens. Furthermore, live virus could not be detected in the sera of ranpirnase-treated mice by Study Day 8 or in the kidneys, livers or spleens by Study Day 12, and viral RNA levels declined exponentially by Study Day 12. Because ranpirnase is exceptionally stable and has a long track record of safe intravenous administration to humans, this drug provides a promising new candidate for clinical consideration in the treatment of Ebola virus disease alone or in combination with other therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hodge
- Tamir Biotechnology, 12625 High Bluff Dr, Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
| | - Ken Draper
- Tamir Biotechnology, 12625 High Bluff Dr, Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
| | - Trevor Brasel
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Alexander Freiberg
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Luis Squiquera
- Tamir Biotechnology, 12625 High Bluff Dr, Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
| | - David Sidransky
- Tamir Biotechnology, 12625 High Bluff Dr, Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
| | - Jamie Sulley
- Tamir Biotechnology, 12625 High Bluff Dr, Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
| | - Debra J Taxman
- Tamir Biotechnology, 12625 High Bluff Dr, Suite 113, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Lin F, Liu J, Qiu F. A Novel Ribonuclease from Rana Chensinensis and Its Potential for the Treatment of Human Breast Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 30:380-5. [PMID: 26502078 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Onconase, a member of the pancreatic RNAase A superfamily of ribonucleases, is a chemotherapeutic agent, which has demonstrated selective antitumor activity in a variety of human malignancies. However, little is known about the mechanisms of it's action on human breast cancer cells. To investigate a novel Onconase from the frog of Rana chensinensis changbaishanensis on human breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms, a novel Onconase named Rdchonc from Rana chensinensis changbaishanensis was cloned by polymerase chain reaction. SDS-PAGE revealed that the Rdchonc had a high heterologous expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The MTT assay indicated that purified Rdchonc was cytotoxic to human breast cancer MCF-7 and MD-MB-231 cells. Treatment with 20 μg/mL Rdchonc protein significantly reduced the invasive capacities of MCF-7 and MD-MB-231 cells. Interestingly, the authors found that such inhibitory effort on tumor cell growth induced by Rdchonc treatment may be explained by the regulation of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibition of MEK/ERK phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhao Wang
- 1 College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, People's Republic of China .,2 Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- 1 College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- 2 Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangping Qiu
- 1 College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiesgen S, Arndt MAE, Körber C, Arnold U, Weber T, Halama N, Keller A, Bötticher B, Schlegelmilch A, Liebers N, Cremer M, Herold-Mende C, Dyckhoff G, Federspil PA, Jensen AD, Jäger D, Kontermann RE, Mier W, Krauss J. An EGF receptor targeting Ranpirnase-diabody fusion protein mediates potent antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:364-373. [PMID: 25434798 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic ribonucleases such as the leopard frog derivative Ranpirnase (Onconase(®)) have emerged as a valuable new class of cancer therapeutics. Clinical trials employing single agent Ranpirnase in cancer patients have demonstrated significant clinical activity and surprisingly low immunogenicity. However, dose-limiting toxicity due to unspecific uptake of the RNase into non-cancerous cells is reached at relatively low concentrations of > 1 mg/m(2). We have in the present study generated a dimeric anti-EGFR Ranpirnase-diabody fusion protein capable to deliver two Ranpirnase moieties per molecule to EGFR-positive tumour cells. We show that this compound mediated far superior efficacy for killing EGFR-positive tumour cells than a monomeric counterpart. Most importantly, cell killing was restricted to EGFR-positive target cells and no dose-limiting toxicity of Ranpirnase-diabody was observed in mice. These data indicate that by targeted delivery of Ranpirnase non-selective toxicity can be abolished and suggests Ranpirnase-diabody as a promising new drug for therapeutic interventions in EGFR-positive cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kiesgen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michaela A E Arndt
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Immunotherapy Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christoph Körber
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ulrich Arnold
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Tobias Weber
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Armin Keller
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bötticher
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anne Schlegelmilch
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nora Liebers
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Cremer
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Molecular Cell Biology Group, ENT Department, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dyckhoff
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, ENT Department, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Philippe A Federspil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexandra D Jensen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krauss
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yiang GT, Tsai HF, Chen JR, Chou PL, Wu TK, Liu HC, Chang WJ, Liu LC, Tseng HH, Yu YL. RC-6 ribonuclease induces caspase activation, cellular senescence and neuron-like morphology in NT2 embryonal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1738-44. [PMID: 24535104 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Frog ribonucleases have been demonstrated to have anticancer activities. However, whether RC-6 ribonuclease exerts anticancer activity on human embryonal carcinoma cells remains unclear. In the present study, RC-6 induced cytotoxicity in NT2 cells (a human embryonal carcinoma cell line) and our studies showed that RC-6 can exert anticancer effects and induce caspase-9 and -3 activities. Moreover, to date, there is no evidence that frog ribonuclease-induced cytotoxicity effects are related to cellular senescence. Therefore, our studies showed that RC-6 can increase p16 and p21 protein levels and induce cellular senescence in NT2 cells. Notably, similar to retinoic acid-differentiated NT2 cells, neuron-like morphology was found on some remaining live cells after RC-6 treatment. In conclusion, our study is the first to demonstrate that RC-6 can induce cytotoxic effects, caspase-9/-3 activities, cellular senescence and neuron-like morphology in NT2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Feng Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jer-Rong Chen
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Lun Chou
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Yilan 265, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai-Kun Wu
- Division of Renal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Chun Liu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Jung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Hung Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kurpiewska K, Torrent G, Ribó M, Loch JI, Vilanova M, Lewiński K. Investigating the effects of double mutation C30A/C75A on onconase structure: Studies at atomic resolution. Biopolymers 2013; 101:454-60. [PMID: 23996687 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The structure of onconase C30A/C75A double mutant has been determined at 1.12Å resolution. The structure has high structural homology to other onconase structures. The changes being results of mutation are relatively small, distributed asymmetrically around the two mutated positions, and they are observed not only in the mutation region but expanded to entire molecule. Different conformation of Lys31 side chain that influences the hydrogen bonding network around catalytic triad is probably responsible for lower catalytic efficiency of double mutant. The decrease in thermal stability observed for the onconase variant might be explained by a less dense packing as manifested by the increase of the molecular volume and the solvent accessible surface area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystal Physics and Crystal Chemistry, Protein Crystallography Group, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Kraków, 30060, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
A polysaccharide from Armillaria mellea exhibits strong in vitro anticancer activity via apoptosis-involved mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:663-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Nasu M, Carbone M, Gaudino G, Ly BH, Bertino P, Shimizu D, Morris P, Pass HI, Yang H. Ranpirnase Interferes with NF-κB Pathway and MMP9 Activity, Inhibiting Malignant Mesothelioma Cell Invasiveness and Xenograft Growth. Genes Cancer 2011; 2:576-84. [PMID: 21901170 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911412375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribonuclease ranpirnase (Onconase) has been used empirically to treat malignant mesothelioma (MM) patients, and some of them had prolonged survivals. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of the therapeutic function of ranpirnase in MM cells. The effects of ranpirnase were studied in vivo and in vitro on 2 MM cell lines (epithelioid REN and sarcomatoid PPM-Mill). We found that ranpirnase was able to inhibit NF-κB nuclear translocation, evaluated by cell fractionation and immunoblotting as well as by immunofluorescence. Also, MMP9 secretion by MM cells was decreased by ranpirnase treatment, as assessed by the reduction of metalloproteinase activity, evaluated by zymography on culture-conditioned media. Ranpirnase induced apoptosis of MM cells in vitro and in vivo, causing a powerful inhibition of MM tumor growth in SCID xenografts, determined by In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) of tumor cells engineered by lentiviral transduction of the luciferase gene. Finally, mice treated with ranpirnase showed a significantly prolonged survival. Our data provide a mechanistic rationale to explain the beneficial antitumor activity observed in some patients treated with ranpirnase and demonstrate that ranpirnase interferes with the NF-κB pathway, thus influencing MM tumor cell invasiveness and survival. It is hoped that this information will also facilitate the identification of those patients who are more likely to benefit from this drug and will also open a new frontier for the use of this drug in tumor types other than MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nasu
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Tao F, Fan M, Zhao W, Lin Q, Ma R. A Novel Cationic Ribonuclease with Antimicrobial Activity from Rana dybowskii. Biochem Genet 2011; 49:369-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Castro J, Ribó M, Navarro S, Nogués MV, Vilanova M, Benito A. A human ribonuclease induces apoptosis associated with p21WAF1/CIP1 induction and JNK inactivation. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:9. [PMID: 21223552 PMCID: PMC3025972 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ribonucleases are promising agents for use in anticancer therapy. Among the different ribonucleases described to be cytotoxic, a paradigmatic example is onconase which manifests cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, presents synergism with several kinds of anticancer drugs and is currently in phase II/III of its clinical trial as an anticancer drug against different types of cancer. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of PE5, a variant of human pancreatic ribonuclease carrying a nuclear localization signal, has been investigated and compared to that of onconase. Methods Cytotoxicity was measured by the MTT method and by the tripan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, caspase enzymatic detection and confocal microscopy. Cell cycle phase analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of different proteins was analyzed by western blot. Results We show that the cytotoxicity of PE5 is produced through apoptosis, that it does not require the proapoptotic activity of p53 and is not prevented by the multiple drug resistance phenotype. We also show that PE5 and onconase induce cell death at the same extent although the latter is also able to arrest the cell growth. We have compared the cytotoxic effects of both ribonucleases in the NCI/ADR-RES cell line by measuring their effects on the cell cycle, on the activation of different caspases and on the expression of different apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins. PE5 increases the number of cells in S and G2/M cell cycle phases, which is accompanied by the increased expression of cyclin E and p21WAF1/CIP1 together with the underphosphorylation of p46 forms of JNK. Citotoxicity of onconase in this cell line does not alter the cell cycle phase distribution and it is accompanied by a decreased expression of XIAP Conclusions We conclude that PE5 kills the cells through apoptosis associated with the p21WAF1/CIP1 induction and the inactivation of JNK. This mechanism is significantly different from that found for onconase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi s/n E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Altomare DA, Rybak SM, Pei J, Maizel JV, Cheung M, Testa JR, Shogen K. Onconase responsive genes in human mesothelioma cells: implications for an RNA damaging therapeutic agent. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:34. [PMID: 20137089 PMCID: PMC2829496 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Onconase represents a new class of RNA-damaging drugs. Mechanistically, Onconase is thought to internalize, where it degrades intracellular RNAs such as tRNA and double-stranded RNA, and thereby suppresses protein synthesis. However, there may be additional or alternative mechanism(s) of action. Methods In this study, microarray analysis was used to compare gene expression profiles in untreated human malignant mesothelioma (MM) cell lines and cells exposed to 5 μg/ml Onconase for 24 h. A total of 155 genes were found to be regulated by Onconase that were common to both epithelial and biphasic MM cell lines. Some of these genes are known to significantly affect apoptosis (IL-24, TNFAIP3), transcription (ATF3, DDIT3, MAFF, HDAC9, SNAPC1) or inflammation and the immune response (IL-6, COX-2). RT-PCR analysis of selected up- or down-regulated genes treated with varying doses and times of Onconase generally confirmed the expression array findings in four MM cell lines. Results Onconase treatment consistently resulted in up-regulation of IL-24, previously shown to have tumor suppressive activity, as well as ATF3 and IL-6. Induction of ATF3 and the pro-apoptotic factor IL-24 by Onconase was highest in the two most responsive MM cell lines, as defined by DNA fragmentation analysis. In addition to apoptosis, gene ontology analysis indicated that pathways impacted by Onconase include MAPK signaling, cytokine-cytokine-receptor interactions, and Jak-STAT signaling. Conclusions These results provide a broad picture of gene activity after treatment with a drug that targets small non-coding RNAs and contribute to our overall understanding of MM cell response to Onconase as a therapeutic strategy. The findings provide insights regarding mechanisms that may contribute to the efficacy of this novel drug in clinical trials of MM patients who have failed first line chemotherapy or radiation treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Altomare
- Cancer Genetics & Signaling Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Onconase (ONC) is a member of the ribonuclease A superfamily that is toxic to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ONC is now in Phase IIIb clinical trials for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. Internalization of ONC to the cytosol of cancer cells is essential for its cytotoxic activity, despite the apparent absence of a cell-surface receptor protein. Endocytosis and cytotoxicity do, however, appear to correlate with the net positive charge of ribonucleases. To dissect the contribution made by the endogenous arginine and lysine residues of ONC to its cytotoxicity, 22 variants were created in which cationic residues were replaced with alanine. Variants with the same net charge (+2 to +5) as well as equivalent catalytic activity and conformational stability were found to exhibit large (> 10-fold) differences in toxicity for the cells of a human leukemia line. In addition, a more cationic ONC variant could be either much more or much less cytotoxic than a less cationic variant, again depending on the distribution of its cationic residues. The endocytosis of variants with widely divergent cytotoxic activity was quantified by flow cytometry using a small-molecule fluorogenic label, and was found to vary by twofold or less. This small difference in endocytosis did not account for the large difference in cytotoxicity, implicating the distribution of cationic residues as being critical for lipid-bilayer translocation subsequent to endocytosis. This finding has fundamental implications for understanding the interaction of ribonucleases and other proteins with mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Turcotte
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schirrmann T, Krauss J, Arndt MAE, Rybak SM, Dübel S. Targeted therapeutic RNases (ImmunoRNases). Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 9:79-95. [DOI: 10.1517/14712590802631862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
16
|
Zhao H, Ardelt B, Ardelt W, Shogen K, Darzynkiewicz Z. The cytotoxic ribonuclease onconase targets RNA interference (siRNA). Cell Cycle 2008; 7:3258-61. [PMID: 18927512 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.20.6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Onconase (Onc), a ribonuclease from oocytes of Northern Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) is cytostatic and cytotoxic to a variety of tumor lines in vitro, inhibits growth of tumors in animal in vivo models and enhances sensitivity of tumor cells to a number of other cytotoxic agents with diverse mechanism of action. In Phase III clinical trials Onc demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with malignant mesothelioma that failed prior chemotherapy. We previously postulated that the antitumor activity of Onc and the observed synergisms with other antitumor modalities at least in part may be mediated by targeting RNA interference (RNAi). In the present study we observed that the silencing of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by siRNA was effectively prevented by Onc. While transfection of cells with GAPDH siRNA reduced expression of this protein by nearly 70%, the expression was restored in the cells exposed to 0.8 muM Onc for 48 or 72 h. The data thus provide evidence that one of the targets of Onc is siRNA, likely within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In light of the findings that microRNAs are involved in tumor pathogenesis as well as in enhancing cell resistance to anticancer therapy the present data may provide explanation for both, the antitumor Onc activity and its propensity to enhance effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Brander Cancer Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beck AK, Pass HI, Carbone M, Yang H. Ranpirnase as a potential antitumor ribonuclease treatment for mesothelioma and other malignancies. Future Oncol 2008; 4:341-9. [PMID: 18518759 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.4.3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranpirnase, originally isolated from oocytes of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), is a member of the pancreatic RNase A superfamily of ribonucleases. Ranpirnase exerts antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo and has been shown to act synergistically with different cancer therapeutic agents. The cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of ranpirnase are the consequence of tRNA degradation that results in the disruption of protein translation and the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Ranpirnase has been shown to target malignant cells both in human cancer cell lines and in animal models, and has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of several human cancers in clinical studies. Most clinical studies have been conducted in patients with malignant mesothelioma, and a confirmatory Phase IIIb trial is currently underway for the treatment of this disease. Owing to its selective destruction of malignant cells and favorable toxicology profile, ranpirnase is a promising antitumor agent with ideal attributes that are generally lacking in conventional cytotoxic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Beck
- New York University School of Medicine, 530 First Ave., Suite 9V, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ita M, Halicka HD, Tanaka T, Kurose A, Ardelt B, Shogen K, Darzynkiewicz Z. Remarkable enhancement of cytotoxicity of onconase and cepharanthine when used in combination on various tumor cell lines. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7:1104-8. [PMID: 18443430 PMCID: PMC2577768 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.7.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Onconase (Onc), a ribonuclease from oocytes or early embryos of Northern Leopard frog (Rana pipiens), is cytostatic and cytotoxic to a variety of tumor lines in vitro, inhibits growth of tumors in animal in vivo models and is currently in Phase IIIb clinical trials for malignant mesothelioma where it displays antitumor activity with minor overall toxicity to the patient. One of the characteristic features of Onc is a synergism with a variety of other antitumor modalities. Cepharanthine (Cep), a biscoclaurine alkaloid from Stephania cepharantha Hayata, is widely used in Japan to treat variety of ailments. It also shows low toxicity to patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the interaction of these two drugs on different tumor cell lines. When human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, histiomonocytic lymphoma U937, multiple myeloma RPMI-8228, prostate carcinoma DU 145 and prostate adenocarcinoma LNCaP cells were exposed to relatively low concentrations of Onc or Cep their growth rates were somewhat suppressed but the cells were still able to proliferate. Cell growth, however, was totally abolished in each of these cell lines when treated with Onc and Cep combined. The frequency of apoptosis was also many-fold higher in cultures treated with a combination of Onc and Cep than in respective cultures treated with Onc or Cep alone. The mechanism of the observed synergism is unclear but it may be associated with the Onc activity in targeting microRNAs and/or NFkappaB and Cep activity also targeting NFkappaB. The data suggest that the combination of these two drugs, that individually express a low toxic profile, may have strong antitumor potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Ita
- Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Ranpirnase, a cytotoxic ribonuclease from the frog Rana pipiens, is the archetype of a novel class of cancer chemotherapeutic agents based on homologs and variants of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A). Ranpirnase in combination with doxorubicin is in clinical trials for the treatment of unresectable malignant mesothelioma and other cancers. The putative mechanism for ranpirnase-mediated cytotoxicity involves binding to anionic components of the extracellular membrane, cytosolic internalization, and degradation of transfer RNA leading to apoptosis. The maintenance of ribonucleolytic activity in the presence of the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor protein is a key aspect of the cytotoxic activity of ranpirnase. The basis for its specific toxicity for cancer cells is not known. This review describes the development of ranpirnase as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Eugene Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee I. Ranpirnase (Onconase®), a cytotoxic amphibian ribonuclease, manipulates tumour physiological parameters as a selective killer and a potential enhancer for chemotherapy and radiation in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:813-27. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.6.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
21
|
RNase-induced apoptosis: Fate of calcium-activated potassium channels. Biochimie 2008; 90:717-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
22
|
Lee I, Shogen K. Mechanisms of enhanced tumoricidal efficacy of multiple small dosages of ranpirnase, the novel cytotoxic ribonuclease, on lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 62:337-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Ardelt B, Ardelt W, Pozarowski P, Kunicki J, Shogen K, Darzynkiewicz Z. Cytostatic and cytotoxic properties of Amphinase: a novel cytotoxic ribonuclease from Rana pipiens oocytes. Cell Cycle 2007; 6:3097-102. [PMID: 18073526 DOI: 10.4161/cc.6.24.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Onconase (Onc), is a novel amphibian cytotoxic ribonuclease with antitumor activity, and is currently in a confirmatory phase III clinical trial for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. It was recently reported that Rana pipiens oocytes contain still another ribonuclease, named Amphinase (Amph). Amph shows 38-40% amino acid sequence identity with onconase, presents as four variants varying between themselves from 87-99% in amino acid sequence identity and has a molecular mass approximately 13,000. In the present study we describe the effects of Amph on growth of several tumor cell lines. All four variants demonstrated cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against human promyelocytic HL-60-, Jurkat T-cell- and U-937 monocytic leukemia cells. The pattern of Amph activity to certain extent resembled that of Onc. Thus, cell proliferation was suppressed at 0.5-10.0 mug/ml (40-80 nM) Amph concentration with distinct accumulation of cells in G(1) phase of the cell cycle. In addition, the cells were undergoing apoptosis, which manifested by DNA fragmentation (presence of "sub-G1" cells, TUNEL-positivity), caspases and serine proteases activation as well as activation of transglutaminase. The cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of Amph required its ribonuclease activity: the enzymatically inactive Amph-2 having histidine at the active site alkylated was ineffective. The effectiveness and cell cycle specificity was generally similar for all four Amph variants and at the equimolar concentrations was somewhat more pronounced than that of Onc. The observed cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of Amph against tumor cell lines suggests that similar to Onc this cytotoxic ribonuclease may have antitumor activity and find an application in clinical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ardelt
- Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Witte MD, Descals CV, de Lavoir SVP, Florea BI, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS. Bodipy-VAD-Fmk, a useful tool to study yeast peptide N-glycanase activity. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3690-7. [PMID: 17971999 DOI: 10.1039/b711531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the development of a fluorescent activity based probe, Bodipy-VAD-Fmk, for visualization of yeast peptide N-glycanase is described. The activity based probe is used to assess the efficacy of known and new chitobiose-based electrophilic traps to bind yeast peptide N-glycanase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Witte
- Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Anand P, Rothweiler F, Kotchetkov R, von Deimling A, Doerr HW, Shogen K, Cinatl J. Onconase induces caspase-independent cell death in chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Lett 2007; 250:107-16. [PMID: 17084521 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of Onconase on the growth of a panel of chemosensitive and chemoresistant neuroblastoma cell lines was investigated. Onconase decreased cell viability of chemosensitive (IMR-32, UKF-NB-3) and chemoresistant neuroblastoma cell lines characterised by high expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (UKF-NB-3(r)DOX(20)) or by high P-gp expression in combination with mutated p53 (UKF-NB-3(r)VCR(10), Be(2)-C), in a similar manner. Moreover, Onconase caused cell cycle block in G1 phase and induced caspase-independent cell death. Transmission electron microscope investigations suggested that Onconase-induced autophagy contributes to Onconase-induced cell death. Antitumour activity of Onconase against naïve and drug-resistant neuroblastoma xenografts was confirmed in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Michaelis
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der J.W. Goethe Universität, Paul Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodríguez M, Torrent G, Bosch M, Rayne F, Dubremetz JF, Ribó M, Benito A, Vilanova M, Beaumelle B. Intracellular pathway of Onconase that enables its delivery to the cytosol. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:1405-11. [PMID: 17374640 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Onconase is an RNase with a very specific property because it is selectively toxic to transformed cells. This toxin is thought to recognize cell surface receptors, and the protection conferred by metabolic poisons against Onconase toxicity indicated that this RNase relies on endocytic uptake to kill cells. Nevertheless, its internalization pathway has yet to be unraveled. We show here that Onconase enters cells using AP-2/clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is then routed, together with transferrin, to the receptor recycling compartment. Increasing the Onconase concentration in this structure using tetanus toxin light chain expression enhanced Onconase toxicity, indicating that recycling endosomes are a key compartment for Onconase cytosolic delivery. This intracellular destination is specific to Onconase because other (and much less toxic) RNases follow the default pathway to late endosomes/lysosomes. Drugs neutralizing endosomal pH increased Onconase translocation efficiency from purified endosomes during cell-free translocation assays by preventing Onconase dissociation from its receptor at endosomal pH. Consistently, endosome neutralization enhanced Onconase toxicity up to 100-fold. Onconase translocation also required cytosolic ATP hydrolysis. This toxin therefore shows an unusual entry process that relies on clathrin-dependent endocytic uptake and then neutralization of low endosomal pH for efficient translocation from the endosomal lumen to the cytosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Rodríguez
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi s/n E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
O'Connell AR, Lee BW, Stenson-Cox C. Caspase-dependant activation of chymotrypsin-like proteases mediates nuclear events during Jurkat T cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:608-16. [PMID: 16690028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis involves a cascade of biochemical and morphological changes resulting in the systematic disintegration of the cell. Caspases are central mediators of this process. Supporting and primary roles for serine proteases as pro-apoptotic mediators have also been highlighted. Evidence for such roles comes largely from the use of pharmacological inhibitors; as a consequence information regarding their apoptotic function and biochemical properties has been limited. Here, we circumvented limitations associated with traditional serine protease inhibitors through use of a fluorescently labelled inhibitor of serine proteases (FLISP) that allowed for analysis of the specificity, regulation and positioning of apoptotic serine proteases within a classical apoptotic cascade. We demonstrate that staurosporine triggers a caspase-dependant induction of chymotrypsin-like activity in the nucleus of apoptotic Jurkat T cells. We show that serine protease activity is required for the generation of late stage nuclear events including condensation, fragmentation and DNA degradation. Furthermore, we reveal caspase-dependant activation of two chymotrypsin-like protein species that we hypothesize mediate cell death-associated nuclear events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R O'Connell
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Quiniou C, Sennlaub F, Beauchamp MH, Checchin D, Lahaie I, Brault S, Gobeil F, Sirinyan M, Kooli A, Hardy P, Pshezhetsky A, Chemtob S. Dominant Role for Calpain in Thromboxane-Induced Neuromicrovascular Endothelial Cytotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:618-27. [PMID: 16214879 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.093898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) is an important lipid mediator generated during oxidative stress and implicated in ischemic neural injury. This autacoid was recently shown to partake in this injury process by directly inducing endothelial cytotoxicity. We explored the mechanisms for this TXA(2)-evoked neural microvascular endothelial cell death. Stable TXA(2) mimetics 5-heptenoic acid, 7-[6-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-yl]-[1R-[1alpha,4alpha,5beta(Z),6alpha,(1E,3S)]]-9,11-dedioxy-9alpha,11alpha-methanolpoxy (U-46619) [as well as [1S-[1alpha,2alpha(Z),3beta(1E,3S(*)),4alpha]]-7-[3-[3-hydroxy-4-(4-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]-hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid; I-BOP] induced a retinal microvascular degeneration in rat pups in vivo and in porcine retinal explants ex vivo and death of porcine brain endothelial cells (in culture). TXA(2) dependence of these effects was corroborated by antagonism using the selective TXA(2) receptor blocker (-)-6,8-difluoro-9-p-methyl-sulfonyl-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-1-yl-acetic acid (L670596). In all cases, neurovascular endothelial cell death was prevented by pan-calpain and specific m-calpain inhibitors but not by caspase-3 or pan-caspase inhibitors. Correspondingly, TXA(2) (mimetics) augmented generation of known active m-calpain (but not mu-calpain) form and increased the activity of m-calpain (cleavage of fluorogenic substrate N-succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin; and of alpha-spectrin into specific fragments) but not of pan-caspase or specific caspase-3 (respectively, using sulforhodamine-Val-Arg-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone and detecting its active 17- and 12-kDa fragments). Interestingly, these effects were phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent [associated with increase in inositol triphosphate and inhibited by PLC blocker 1-[6-[[17beta-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122)] and required calcium but were not associated with increased intracellular calcium. U-46619-induced calpain activation resulted in translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, loss of polarization of the latter (using potentiometric probe 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide; JC-1) and in turn release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and depletion of cellular ATP; these effects were all blocked by calpain inhibitors. Overall, this work identifies (specifically) m-calpain as a dominant protease in TXA(2)-induced neurovascular endothelial cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Quiniou
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Benito A, Ribó M, Vilanova M. On the track of antitumour ribonucleases. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2005; 1:294-302. [PMID: 16880994 DOI: 10.1039/b502847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) are potential alternatives to non-mutagenic antitumour drugs. Among these enzymes, onconase, bovine-seminal ribonuclease and the Rana catesbeiana and Rana japonica lectins exert a cytotoxic activity that is selective for tumour cells. A model for the mechanism of cytotoxicity of these RNases which involves different steps is generally accepted. The model predicts that cytotoxicity requires interaction of the RNases with the cell membrane and internalisation to occur by endocytosis. Then, at a precise point, the RNases are translocated to the cytosol where they cleave cellular RNA if they have been able to preserve their ribonucleolytic activity. The cleavage of cellular RNA induces apoptosis but there is evidence suggesting that RNase-triggered apoptosis does not entirely result from the inhibition of protein synthesis. How efficiently a particular RNase carries out each of the steps determines its potency as a cytotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Benito
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Tang CHA, Hu CCA, Wei CW, Wang JJ. Synergism of Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease and IFN-gamma triggers distinct death machineries in different human cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:265-70. [PMID: 15620724 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease (RC-RNase) possesses tumor-specific cytotoxicity, which can be synergized by IFN-gamma. However, it is unclear how RC-RNase and RC-RNase/IFN-gamma induce cell death. In this study, we use substrate cleavage assays to systematically investigate RC-RNase- and RC-RNase/IFN-gamma-induced caspase activation in HL-60, MCF-7, and SK-Hep-1 cells. We find that RC-RNase and RC-RNase/IFN-gamma induce mitochondria-mediated caspase activation in HL-60 and MCF-7 cells but not in SK-Hep-1 cells, although death of SK-Hep-1 cells is closely related to mitochondrial disruptions. Our findings provide evidence that RC-RNase and RC-RNase/IFN-gamma can kill different cancer cells by distinct mechanisms. Compared with onconase, RC-RNase seems to harbor a more specific anti-cancer activity.
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Shogen, PhD K, Saxena, PhD SK, Ardelt, PhD W. ONCONASE ® and Its Therapeutic Potential. Lab Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1309/3td2-6gxn-65ge-c1bg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|