Oral flavonoids, chromocarb diethylamine salt and cyaninosides chloride, to eliminate lipoperoxidation postvitrectomy

Development of an anti-oxidative intraocular irrigating solution based on reactive persulfides

Anti-oxidative intraocular irrigating solutions (IISs) based on reactive persulfides, such as oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), are commonly used worldwide. However, even with GSSG-based IISs, it has been shown that oxidative stress can occur during surgery, posing a risk to intraocular tissues. This study compared two IISs: one containing GSSG and one containing an oxidized glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG). Experimental in vivo irrigation with the IISs in rabbits showed that there was less leakage into the anterior chamber of rabbit serum albumin during perfusion with a 300-μM GSSSG IIS than with a 300-μM GSSG IIS. Experimental in vivo cataract surgery in rabbits showed that aqueous flare was suppressed 3 days after surgery with a 600-μM GSSSG IIS, but not with a 300-μM GSSSG or 300-μM GSSG IIS. Furthermore, an in vitro experiment, without any live tissue, showed that reactive oxygen species were suppressed more strongly with a 600-μM GSSSG IIS than with a 300-μM GSSG IIS. Thus, this study found that novel IISs based on GSSSG had anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects during and after intraocular surgery and may decrease the rate of complications after surgery.

Antioxidant effects of vitamins C and E, multivitamin-mineral complex and flavonoids in a model of retinal oxidative stress: the ApoE-deficient mouse

The aim of the current study was to investigate the biochemical changes in the plasma and retina of apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/-) mice supplemented with various antioxidants. Ten wild type (WT-Con, C57BL/6) and 10 apoE-/- (AE-Con) mice received drinking water. Another 40 apoE-/- animals were divided into four groups of 10 mice each and received either chromocarbe diethylamine (AE-CD, 50mg/kg), cyaninosides chloride (AE-CC, 50mg/kg), multivitamin complex (AE-MC, 50mg/kg), or vitamins C and E (AE-CE, 100mg/kg and 200IU/kg). Cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) were measured in plasma, and TBARS and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) concentration were determined in retinal homogenates. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to examine the retinal ultrastructure. AE-Con mice had significantly (P<0.05) increased oxidative stress in the plasma and retina with augmented production of retinal NOx compared with WT-Con mice. Retinal TBARS decreased in the AE-MC and AE-CE animals compared with the AE-Con group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Only AE-CE treatment significantly (P<0.01) lowered retinal NOx. Morphologic retinal changes in the AE-Con group decreased in the AE-CE and AE-MC groups. There were no significant changes in the biochemical and structural parameters in the AE-CD and AE-CC groups. AE-Con mice had increased systemic and retinal oxidative stress compared with WT-Con animals. Vitamins C and E and the multivitamin-mineral complex reduced oxidative stress and ultrastructural retinal changes in this murine model of hypercholesterolemia.