1
|
Vani NV, Madhanagopal R, Swaminathan R, Ganesan TS. Dynamics of oral human papillomavirus infection in healthy population and head and neck cancer. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36846921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-associated oral and oropharyngeal cancers has gained considerable importance due to their distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. However, the natural history of oral HPV from acquisition to persistence and malignant transformation is still unclear. The global prevalence of oral HPV infection in healthy individuals ranges from 0.67% to 35%, while 31%-38.5% in head and neck cancer (HNC). The persistence rate of oral HR-HPV infection is 5.5% -12.8% globally. India has the highest HNC burden due to apparent differences in predisposing factors compared with the West. The prevalence of oral HPV in healthy individuals and its contribution to HNC is less evident in Indian studies. HR-HPV-associated HNC in this region accounts for 26%, with an active infection in 8%-15% of these tumors. There is a lack of concordance in the expression of p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV detection in HNC because of differences in behavioral risk factors. Due to a lack of evidence, treatment de-escalation cannot be implemented despite the improved outcome of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers. This review critically analyzes the existing literature on the dynamics of oral HPV infection and HPV-associated HNC, identifying potential avenues for future research. A better understanding of the oncogenic role of HR-HPV in HNC will help to formulate novel therapeutic approaches and is expected to have a significant public health impact as preventive strategies can be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N V Vani
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - R Madhanagopal
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - R Swaminathan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - T S Ganesan
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
HPV, KRAS mutations, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking effects on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma carcinogenesis. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 27:1-12. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.8737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an invasive neoplastic disease generally associated with poor survival rates. The incidence of ESCC is characterized by marked geographic variation, with highest rates noted in developing Southeastern African, Central and Eastern Asian countries. In the developed Western European and North American regions where there is a low disease incidence, heavy alcohol and cigarette consumption constitute major risk factors. The toxic effects of both these risk factors cause chronic irritation and inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, while at the cellular level they further confer mutagenic effects by the activation of oncogenes (e.g., RAS mutations), inhibition of tumor-suppressor genes, and profound DNA damage. Viral infections, particularly with human papillomavirus, may activate specific antiapoptotic, proliferative and malignant cellular responses that may be intensified in combination with the effects of alcohol and tobacco. In countries with a high ESCC incidence, low socioeconomic status and an inadequate diet of poorly preserved food are combined with basic nutritional deficiencies and inadequate medical treatment. These conditions are favorable to the above-mentioned risk factors implicated in ESCC development, which may be present and/or habitually used in certain populations. New perspectives in epidemiological studies of ESCC development and its risk factors allow genome-wide research involving specific environments and habits. Such research should consist of adequately large and representative samples, should use newly designed informative genetic markers, and apply genomic variation analysis of the functional transcripts involved in malignant cell cycle regulation and neoplastic transformation in the multi-step process of ESCC carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nishat R, Behura SS, Ramachandra S, Kumar H, Bandyopadhyay A. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Induced Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Retrospect. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZE01-4. [PMID: 26266234 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13948.6056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma accounts for the sixth most common malignancy occurring worldwide with tobacco and alcohol being the two well established risk factors. In the recent years, substantial evidence has been obtained that Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) associated head and neck cancers are on the rise. This article provides an insight into the structure of HPV genome, molecular pathogenesis, detection methods and clinical implications of HPV positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roquaiya Nishat
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences , KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Behura
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences , KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sujatha Ramachandra
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences , KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences , KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Alokenath Bandyopadhyay
- Professor & HoD, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences , KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Head and neck cancers usually originate in the squamous cells that line the inner mucosal surfaces of the oral and the neck region. These cancers follow multifocal steps for progression that include risk of developing metastasis. Although therapeutics has advanced in the past decades, head and neck cancers continue to cause much morbidity and mortality. Even with the promising effect of targeted therapies, there is a need for a better evaluation of patients with head and neck cancers. Metastasis-associated tumour antigen 1 (MTA1), a chromatin modifier, is found as an integral part of nucleosome remodelling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) complex. MTA1 is a biomarker for several solid tumours, and the overexpression of which have been documented in various cancers such as breast, ovarian, colon, prostrate etc. Interestingly also, a set of head and neck cancers shows MTA1 overexpression. However, recent evidences from clinical data raise a critical question on the role of MTA1 in head and neck cancers. This calls for a detailed review to the role of MTA1 in oral cancer. This review gives a brief account on the existing biological and molecular data in the context of head and neck cancer invasion and metastasis in relation to MTA1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hezlin Marzook
- Cancer Research Program 9, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Gao C, Yang Y, Zhou F, Li M, Jin Q, Gao L. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the association between human papillomavirus infection and oesophageal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:270-81. [PMID: 24308856 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection might be one of the potential risk factors for oesophageal cancer. However, the previous epidemiological findings were heterogeneous. AIM To explore the association between HPV infection and oesophageal cancer risk by means of meta-analysis. METHODS Studies on HPV infection and oesophageal cancer were identified, the prevalence of HPV infection and its association with oesophageal cancer risk were quantitatively summarised by meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 8990 oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients and 174 oesophageal adenocarcinomas patients were evaluated from 76 included studies. Summarised HPV prevalence in oesophageal SCC was 22.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 18.3-26.7%], HPV-16 was the most frequently observed subtype with a summarised prevalence of 11.4% (95% CI: 8.2-15.7%). With respect to oesophageal adenocarcinoma, HPV prevalence was 35.0% (95% CI, 13.2-65.7%) and HPV-16 prevalence was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.2-15.7%). Due to the limited number of included studies on oesophageal adenocarcinoma, association analyses were performed to oesophageal SCC only. Significant association was observed between HPV infection and oesophageal SCC with a summarised odds ratio of 3.32 (95% CI, 2.26-4.87). According to HPV-16, the strength of the association was found to be 3.52 (95% CI, 2.04-6.07). CONCLUSIONS Human papillomavirus infection was observed to be associated with an increased risk of oesophageal SCC in this meta-analysis. However, due to the evident heterogeneity observed between the included studies and the strength of the association not as strong as observed for cervical cancer and laryngeal cancer, further studies are needed to clarify the relation and its underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng B, Awuti I, Deng Y, Li D, Niyazi M, Aniwar J, Sheyhidin I, Lu G, Li G, Zhang L. Human papillomavirus promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating DNA methylation and expression of HLA-DQB1. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2013; 10:66-74. [PMID: 24148080 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Idiris Awuti
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Yanchao Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Desheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Maidiniyeti Niyazi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Julaiti Aniwar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Ilyar Sheyhidin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shiau MY, Fan LC, Yang SC, Tsao CH, Lee H, Cheng YW, Lai LC, Chang YH. Human papillomavirus up-regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity by inducing interleukin-8 in lung adenocarcinomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54423. [PMID: 23349885 PMCID: PMC3549962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with non-smoking female lung cancer. Our previous report demonstrated that HPV 16 promotes lung tumor cell progression by up-regulating interleukin-17 (IL-17). IL-17 and its downstream signaling mediator, interleukin-8 (IL-8), have been implicated to modulate a variety of pro-angiogenic factors and play important roles in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Accordingly, we hypothesized that HPV infection may potentiate tumorigenic and metastatic characteristics of the infected cells through IL-8. The goal of the present study was to determine whether HPV infection in lung adenocarcinoma cells can promote the expression of IL-8 and metalloproteinases (MMPs) to make the transformed cells equipped with angiogenic and metastatic characteristics. The expression of IL-8 and MMPs in HPV 16 E6-transfected H1299 cells was analyzed to examine the hypothesis. HPV 16 E6 up-regulates pro-angiogenic MMP-2 and MMP-9 through inducing IL-8 expression in lung cancer cells. The results indicate that, in addition to cell proliferation-related machinery, HPV infection promotes the expression and activities of angiogenic and metastatic molecules in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The cytokines induced by HPV infection may work together to confer the malignant and tumorigenic potentials on the infected cells by promoting machineries of growth, angiogenic and metastatic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuh Shiau
- Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Ching Fan
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Chun Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hui Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chuan Lai
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramshankar V, Krishnamurthy A. Human papilloma virus in head and neck cancers-role and relevance in clinical management. Indian J Surg Oncol 2012; 4:59-66. [PMID: 24426701 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-012-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology and clinical behavior of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCCs) is very distinct within different subgroups due to the distinct molecular profiles for the HPV positive versus HPV negative tumors. HPV status is the most important independent prognostic variable in multivariate analysis taking into account all other prognostic factors like tumour stage, smoking status, age and performance status. The debate today is whether the intense therapy is too aggressive in this group of patients since they show a superior survival regardless of treatment strategies. A highly divergent prognosis and distinct biology of HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCCs underlines the fact that treating them as distinct diseases is the need of the hour. Infection with HPV is associated with less aggressive disease, better loco regional control and lower rates of second primary cancers. An important caveat that remains is the emergence of intermediate prognosis of HPV positive smokers and HPV negative non smokers. Though molecular biology has provided important data on the interaction of the HPV onco proteins with genes important in cell cycle control, also speculated to be involved in pathogenesis of HNSCC, more basic research is needed to describe the differential mechanisms of tumorigenesis among the HNSCCs that show presence and absence of HPV. This is clinically relevant to reduce morbidity without compromising tumour control in HPV positive patients and improving tumour control and co-morbid illness that could be pre-existing or treatment related in HPV negative patients. There may be a need for treatment intensification and incorporation of newer agents into induction chemotherapy protocols for the HPV negative patients and so HPV detection is important to aid in this selection. HPV tumour status is therefore more important than just providing the prognostic information in these classes of tumours. This article discusses the role and clinical relevance of HPV in HNSCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Ramshankar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 36, Sardar Patel Rd, Adyar, Chennai, 600020 India
| | - Arvind Krishnamurthy
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 36, Sardar Patel Rd, Adyar, Chennai, 600020 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prabhu PR, Jayalekshmi D, Pillai MR. Lung Cancer and Human Papilloma Viruses (HPVs): Examining the Molecular Evidence. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:750270. [PMID: 22363346 PMCID: PMC3272847 DOI: 10.1155/2012/750270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV), known to be an etiological agent for genital cancers, has been suggested also to be a possible contributory agent for lung cancer. Alternatively, lung cancer, formerly considered to be solely a smoker's disease, may now be more appropriately categorised into never smoker's and smoker's lung cancer. Through this paper we attempt to bring forth the current knowledge regarding mechanisms of HPV gaining access into the lung tissue, various strategies involved in HPV-associated tumorigenesis in lung tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya R Prabhu
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thumbs A, Borgstein E, Vigna L, Kingham TP, Kushner AL, Hellberg K, Bates J, Wilhelm TJ. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) for patients with advanced esophageal cancer in Malawi: an effective palliative treatment. J Surg Oncol 2011; 105:410-4. [PMID: 22161968 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Esophageal cancer is common in Malawi and most patients are inoperable at time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate palliative treatment with self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) in Malawi, a low-income country with limited medical resources. METHODS Data of patients with advanced inoperable esophageal cancer were prospectively collected. Tumor and patient specifics, risk factors, dysphagia scores, complications, and survival were assessed. Follow-up data for 1 year or until death were collected from 118/143 patients (83%) during clinic visits, home visits, or via cell phone. RESULTS One hundred forty-three patients were treated with 154 SEMS. Median survival was 210 days (95% CI: 150-262 days). Fourteen of 118 patients with complete follow-up (11.9%) survived more than 1 year with longest documented survival of 406 days. The median dysphagia score improved from 3 at the time of presentation to 0 at the time of death. Early complications occurred in 4.2% (6/143), late complications in 11.9% of patients (14/118). The procedure related mortality was 2.1% (3/143). CONCLUSIONS SEMS is an appropriate palliative treatment in a resource-limited environment. For the vast majority of patients a single intervention provides lasting improvement of dysphagia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Thumbs
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Incidence of Low Risk Human Papillomavirus in Oral Cancer: A Real Time PCR Study on 278 Patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:83-7. [DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumour of the oral cavity. It is widely known that tobacco and alcohol consumption are the major causes of the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The human papilloma virus infection has also been postulated as a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma, although conflicting results have been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of high-risk and low-risk type human papillomavirus in a large sample of squamous cell carcinoma limited to the oral cavity by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were obtained from 278 squamous cell carcinoma limited to oral cavity proper. Sequencing revealed that 5 samples were positive for HPV type 16, 5 for HPV type 11, and 1 for HPV type 6. Human papillomavirus 11 was detected in 5 tumours out of the 278 examined. The prevalence rate for Human papillomavirus 11 was 1.8% (C.I. 0.7–3.9). The matched case-controls analysis indicated that the prevalence among controls did not significantly differ with respect to cases and that Human papillomavirus 11 alone did not correlate with squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang YH, Yu CW, Lai LC, Tsao CH, Ho KT, Yang SC, Lee H, Cheng YW, Wu TC, Shiau MY. Up-regulation of interleukin-17 expression by human papillomavirus type 16 E6 in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2010; 116:4800-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
13
|
Richard V, Pillai MR. The stem cell code in oral epithelial tumorigenesis: 'the cancer stem cell shift hypothesis'. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:146-62. [PMID: 20599480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumors of the oral cavity provide an ideal model to study various stages of epithelial tumor progression. A group of cancer cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) eludes therapy, persists and initiates recurrence augmenting malignant spread of the disease. Hitherto, accurate identification and separation of such minimal residual cells have proven futile due to lack of identifiable traits to single out these cells from the heterogeneous tumor bulk. In this review we have compiled comprehensive evidence from comparative phenotypic and genotypic studies on normal oral mucosa as well as tumors of different grades to elucidate that differential expression patterns of putative stem cells markers may identify 'minimal residual disease' in oral squamous cell carcinoma. We propose the "cancer stem cell shift hypothesis" to explain the exact identity and switch-over, tumor-promoting mechanisms adapted by putative CSCs with correlation to tumor staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Richard
- Integrated Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Afonso LA, Moysés N, Cavalcanti SMB. Human papillomavirus detection and p16 methylation pattern in a case of esophageal papilloma. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:694-6. [PMID: 20549141 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a prevalent cancer worldwide. Some studies have reported the possible etiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in benign and malignant papillomas of the esophagus but the conclusions are controversial. In the present study, we investigated an esophageal papilloma from a 30-year-old male patient presenting aphasia. HPV DNA was detected by generic PCR using MY09/11 primers, and restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed the presence of HPV54, usually associated with benign genital lesions. Hypermethylation of the pINK4A gene was also investigated due to its relation to malignant transformation, but no modification was detected in the host gene. Except for an incipient reflux, no risk factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse or an infected sexual partner were recorded. Since esophageal lesions may have a malignant potential, HPV detection and typing are useful tools for patient follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Afonso
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Virológico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Herrera-Goepfert R, Lizano M, Akiba S, Carrillo-García A, Becker-D’Acosta M. Human papilloma virus and esophageal carcinoma in a Latin-American region. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3142-7. [PMID: 19575494 PMCID: PMC2705737 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) in a non-selected Mexican population.
METHODS: Cases with a pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were obtained from Department of Pathology files, at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City during the period between 2000 and 2008. Slides from each case were reviewed and cases with sufficient neoplastic tissue were selected for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect HPV DNA sequences. Demographic and clinical data of each patient were retrieved from corresponding clinical records.
RESULTS: HPV was detected in 15 (25%) of ESCCs. HPV-16 was the most frequently observed genotype, followed by HPV-18; HPV-59 was also detected in one case. Unfortunately, HPV genotype could not be established in three cases due to lack of material for direct sequencing, although universal primers detected the presence of HPV generic sequences. No low-risk HPV genotypes were found nor was HPV-16/18 co-infection. HPV presence in ESCC was not significantly associated with gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, anatomic location, or histologic grade. All patients belonged to low and very low socioeconomic strata, and were diagnosed at advanced disease stage. Male patients were most commonly affected and the male:female ratio in HPV-positive ESCC increased two-fold in comparison with HPV-negative cases (6.5:1 vs 3.1:1).
CONCLUSION: High prevalence of high-risk HPV in ESCC in Mexico does not support the hypothesis that HPV-associated ESCC is more common in areas with higher ESCC incidence rates.
Collapse
|
16
|
Shuyama K, Castillo A, Aguayo F, Sun Q, Khan N, Koriyama C, Akiba S. Human papillomavirus in high- and low-risk areas of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1554-9. [PMID: 17453003 PMCID: PMC2359949 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the potential roles of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development, we examined the presence of HPV DNA in paraffin-embedded ESCC tissues collected from two areas with different ESCC incidence rates in China, that is, Gansu (n=26) and Shandong (n=33), using PCR with SPF10 primers, or PCR with GP5+/GP6+ primers combined with Southern blot hybridisation. HPV genotype was determined by the INNO-LiPA HPV genotyping kit. HPV DNA was detected in 17 cases (65%) in Gansu, where ESCC incidence is much higher than in Shandong, where HPV was positive in two samples (6%). HPV genotypes 16 and 18 were detected in 79 and 16% of HPV-positive samples, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis suggested the presence of integrated form of HPV DNA in all the HPV-16-positive samples, but its viral load was estimated to be only <1–2 copies cell−1. We could not detect HPV 16/18 E6 protein expression by immunostaining in any of the HPV-16-positive samples. Neither p16INK4a nor p53 expression was related to HPV presence in ESCCs. Further studies seem warranted to examine the possible aetiological roles of HPV in ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shuyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - A Castillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - F Aguayo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Q Sun
- Division of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2 Xinkang Street, Deshengmenwai, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China
| | - N Khan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - C Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - S Akiba
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Castillo A, Aguayo F, Koriyama C, Torres M, Carrascal E, Corvalan A, Roblero JP, Naquira C, Palma M, Backhouse C, Argandona J, Itoh T, Shuyama K, Eizuru Y, Akiba S. Human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Colombia and Chile. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:6188-92. [PMID: 17036393 PMCID: PMC4088115 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i38.6188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) specimens collected from Colombia and Chile located in the northern and southern ends of the continent, respectively.
METHODS: We examined 47 and 26 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded ESCC specimens from Colombia and Chile, respectively. HPV was detected using GP5+/GP6+ primer pair for PCR, and confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Sequencing analysis of L1 region fragment was used to identify HPV genotype. In addition, P16INK4A protein immunostaining of all the specimens was conducted.
RESULTS: HPV was detected in 21 ESCC specimens (29%). Sequencing analysis of L1 region fragment identified HPV-16 genome in 6 Colombian cases (13%) and in 5 Chilean cases (19%). HPV-18 was detected in 10 cases (21%) in Colombia but not in any Chilean case. Since Chilean ESCC cases had a higher prevalence of HPV-16 (without statistical significance), but a significantly lower prevalence of HPV-18 than in Colombian cases (P = 0.011) even though the two countries have similar ESCC incidence rates, the frequency of HPV-related ESCC may not be strongly affected by risk factors affecting the incidence of ESCC. HPV-16 genome was more frequently detected in p16 positive carcinomas, although the difference was not statistically significant. HPV-18 detection rate did not show any association with p16 expression. Well-differentiated tumors tended to have either HPV-16 or HPV-18 but the association was not statistically significant. HPV genotypes other than HPV-16 or 18 were not detected in either country.
CONCLUSION: HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotypes can be found in ESCC specimens collected from two South American countries. Further studies on the relationship between HPV-16 presence and p16 expression in ESCC would aid understanding of the mechanism underlying the presence of HPV in ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Castillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the most common female malignancy in the world. While cervical cancer is a worldwide disease, oral cancer has the highest incidence in developing countries, especially among tobacco and alcohol users and betel quid chewers. A strong association of cervical and oral cancer with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 infections underlines the importance of the virus in the pathogenesis of these squamous cell carcinomas. Functionally high-risk HPV infection contributes to carcinogenesis and tumor progression predominantly through the actions of two viral oncogenes, E6 and E7. The E6 and E7 genes have been studied in different patient populations and a number of variants have been described. More than 40 variants have been classified and may be related to differences in progression of squamous intraepithelial lesions. The transcription factor, NFkappaB and its activation pathways are frequently targeted by viruses and aberrant constitutive activation of NFkappaB is frequently found in human tumors of diverse tissue origin. Diet-gene interactions are also likely to contribute considerably to the observed inter-individual variations in HPV associated cancer risk, in response to exposures to the nutritional factors that have the potential to promote or protect against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Drug Development and Chemoinformatics, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Erkek E, Bozdoğan O, Atasoy P, Birol A, Koçak M. BCL-2–Related Apoptosis Markers in Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus-Associated Lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 2004; 26:113-8. [PMID: 15024192 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200404000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an etiological agent in benign and malignant epithelial tumors. Resistance to apoptotic stimuli by viral strategies represents an immunologic escape mechanism during virus-induced tumor development and is critical for efficient replication of the virus. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate a role of bcl-family proteins in the anti-apoptotic pathways modulated by low-risk HPVs in the development of benign HPV-associated cutaneous tumors. METHODS Forty lesional biopsy specimens from HPV-associated cutaneous lesions and 11 non-lesional control skin biopsies were studied by immunohistochemical analysis for the differential expressions of HPV antigens, the pro-apoptotic bax protein, and the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-x proteins. RESULTS Compared with the normal epidermis, bcl-2 and bcl-x expression were significantly reduced in the lesional epidermis. Bax was expressed in HPV-associated cutaneous lesions, although the expression did not reveal a significant deviation from that in normal skin. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a discordant expression of bcl-2/ bcl-x and bax proteins in HPV-associated skin lesions and suggest that low-risk HPVs mediate other pathways that bypass the action of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-x proteins. The presence of bax expression with a prominent decrease in bcl-2/ bax ratio and the lack of massive apoptosis in HPV-associated benign epithelial lesions may imply that interference with the pro-apoptotic proteins of bcl-family may constitute one of the several mechanisms mediated by HPV oncoproteins for the suppression of apoptotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Erkek
- Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Syrjänen KJ. HPV infections and oesophageal cancer. J Clin Pathol 2002. [PMID: 12461047 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.55.10.721]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The first reports suggesting an involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of both benign and malignant squamous cell tumours of the oesophagus date back to 1982. Since then, a substantial amount of literature has accumulated on this subject, summarised in this review. To date, 239 oesophageal squamous cell papillomas have been analysed in 29 separate studies using different HPV detection methods, with HPV being detected in 51 (21.3%) cases. Many more squamous cell carcinomas have been analysed: of the 1485 squamous cell carcinomas analysed by in situ hybridisation, 22.9% were positive for HPV DNA, as were 15.2% of the 2020 cases tested by the polymerase chain reaction. In addition, evidence derived from large scale serological studies, animal experiments, and in vitro studies is discussed in the light of the highly variable geographical incidence rates of oesophageal carcinoma worldwide. It may be that the (multifactorial) aetiology of oesophageal cancer differs greatly between those geographical areas with a low risk and those with a high risk for this disease. Oncogenic HPV types seem to play an important causal role, particularly in high risk areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Syrjänen
- Unità di Citoistopatologia, Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The first reports suggesting an involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of both benign and malignant squamous cell tumours of the oesophagus date back to 1982. Since then, a substantial amount of literature has accumulated on this subject, summarised in this review. To date, 239 oesophageal squamous cell papillomas have been analysed in 29 separate studies using different HPV detection methods, with HPV being detected in 51 (21.3%) cases. Many more squamous cell carcinomas have been analysed: of the 1485 squamous cell carcinomas analysed by in situ hybridisation, 22.9% were positive for HPV DNA, as were 15.2% of the 2020 cases tested by the polymerase chain reaction. In addition, evidence derived from large scale serological studies, animal experiments, and in vitro studies is discussed in the light of the highly variable geographical incidence rates of oesophageal carcinoma worldwide. It may be that the (multifactorial) aetiology of oesophageal cancer differs greatly between those geographical areas with a low risk and those with a high risk for this disease. Oncogenic HPV types seem to play an important causal role, particularly in high risk areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Syrjänen
- Unità di Citoistopatologia, Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scully C. Oral squamous cell carcinoma; from an hypothesis about a virus, to concern about possible sexual transmission. Oral Oncol 2002; 38:227-34. [PMID: 11978544 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nearly two decades ago, we produced the first evidence for the presence of viral nucleic acids in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues, hypothesising that there may be a viral involvement in at least some OSCC. Subsequently, human papillomaviruses (HPV) in particular have been implicated in OSCC. Antibody responses to HPV are seen and HPV-DNA detected in tumors by us and many others, the virus being mainly HPV-16, the genotype associated with ano-genital cancer. HPV are seen by in situ hybridisation only in tumour and premalignant tissue but not in surrounding normal mucosa suggesting HPV has a causal relationship. HPV may also be integrated in the host genome, further suggesting a causal role. Studies of patients with OSCC have suggested possible sexual transmission of HPV. Recent studies have indicated that HPV may be aetiologically important particularly in some types of oropharyngeal cancer, at least in tonsillar carcinogenesis, and may represent an alternative pathway in carcinogenesis to the established factors of tobacco and alcohol. We have come a very long way in the two decades since our first suggestion of a viral aetiopathogenesis was greeted with incredulity, and data from on-going studies by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Johns Hopkins Oncology Center and others are eagerly awaited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crispian Scully
- International Centres for Excellence in Dentistry, and Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences UCL, University of London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, WC1X 8LD, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jacob SE, Sreevidya S, Chacko E, Pillai MR. Cellular manifestations of human papillomavirus infection in laryngeal tissues. J Surg Oncol 2002; 79:142-50. [PMID: 11870663 DOI: 10.1002/jso.10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although epidemiologic studies have suggested human papillomavirus (HPV) to be an etiological agent in laryngeal carcinogenesis, little is known on the cellular manifestations of HPV infection in these tumors. In this study, we investigated the frequency of HPV infection in various neoplastic and non-neoplastic laryngeal tissue and its association with expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the tumor suppressor protein p53. METHODS Tissues were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of HPV and by immunocytochemistry for the expression of p53 and PCNA. RESULTS None of the six normal laryngeal tissues showed the presence of HPV. Thirteen out of the 16 papillomas were positive for HPV, while 15 out of the 44 invasive cancers were HPV positive. PCNA expression increased as the lesion progressed through increasing histological abnormality (r = 0.64400, P = 0.00000). The correlation between the type of laryngeal neoplasm and p53 accumulation was significant (r = 0.54839, P = 0.00000). Significant correlation was also evident between presence of HPV and p53 accumulation (r = 0.34259, P = 0.00424) and PCNA expression (r = 0.036024, P = 0.00266) indicating that HPV positive tumors showed significant p53 accumulation and increased proliferation. There was also correlation between p53 and PCNA expression (r = 0.67475, P = 0.00000) indicating that in all tumors with p53 accumulation, there was a corresponding increase in PCNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The results suggests that changes in p53 and PCNA expression may be associated with HPV infection, and could play a role in laryngeal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|