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Hiramatsu S, Morizane A, Kikuchi T, Doi D, Yoshida K, Takahashi J. Cryopreservation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurospheres for Clinical Application. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:871-884. [PMID: 34958047 PMCID: PMC9108593 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons are an expected source of cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. The transplantation of cell aggregates or neurospheres, instead of a single cell suspension has several advantages, such as keeping the 3D structure of the donor cells and ease of handling. For this PSC-based therapy to become a widely available treatment, cryopreservation of the final product is critical in the manufacturing process. However, cryopreserving cell aggregates is more complicated than cryopreserving single cell suspensions. Previous studies showed poor survival of the DA neurons after the transplantation of cryopreserved fetal ventral-mesencephalic tissues. OBJECTIVE To achieve the cryopreservation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived DA neurospheres toward clinical application. METHODS We cryopreserved iPSC-derived DA neurospheres in various clinically applicable cryopreservation media and freezing protocols and assessed viability and neurite extension. We evaluated the population and neuronal function of cryopreserved cells by the selected method in vitro. We also injected the cells into 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats, and assessed their survival, maturation and function in vivo. RESULTS The iPSC-derived DA neurospheres cryopreserved by Proton Freezer in the cryopreservation medium Bambanker hRM (BBK) showed favorable viability after thawing and had equivalent expression of DA-specific markers, dopamine secretion, and electrophysiological activity as fresh spheres. When transplanted into 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, the cryopreserved cells survived and differentiated into mature DA neurons, resulting in improved abnormal rotational behavior. CONCLUSION These results show that the combination of BBK and Proton Freezer is suitable for the cryopreservation of iPSC-derived DA neurospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Hiramatsu
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Regenerative and Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, Kobe, Japan
| | - Asuka Morizane
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Doi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Regenerative and Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kim BH, Ju WS, Kim JS, Kim SU, Park SJ, Ward SM, Lyu JH, Choo YK. Effects of Gangliosides on Spermatozoa, Oocytes, and Preimplantation Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E106. [PMID: 31877897 PMCID: PMC6982094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, which are the most abundant family of glycolipids in eukaryotes. Gangliosides have been suggested to be important lipid molecules required for the control of cellular procedures, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and signaling. GD1a is expressed in interstitial cells during ovarian maturation in mice and exogenous GD1a is important to oocyte maturation, monospermic fertilization, and embryonic development. In this context, GM1 is known to influence signaling pathways in cells and is important in sperm-oocyte interactions and sperm maturation processes, such as capacitation. GM3 is expressed in the vertebrate oocyte cytoplasm, and exogenously added GM3 induces apoptosis and DNA injury during in vitro oocyte maturation and embryogenesis. As a consequence of this, ganglioside GT1b and GM1 decrease DNA fragmentation and act as H2O2 inhibitors on germ cells and preimplantation embryos. This review describes the functional roles of gangliosides in spermatozoa, oocytes, and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyun Kim
- CHA Fertility Center, 5455 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA;
| | - Won Seok Ju
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea; (W.S.J.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Neongme-gil, Ibam-myeon, Jeongup-si, Jeonvuk 56216, Korea;
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea;
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea; (W.S.J.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Sean M. Ward
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.M.W.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ju Hyeong Lyu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.M.W.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea; (W.S.J.); (S.J.P.)
- Institute for Glycoscience, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea
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Ma K, Li R, Zhao H, Qu J, Mu N, Liu X, Wang S, Yang C, Feng H, Tan L, Li F. Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin Reduce Early Brain Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 388:181-190. [PMID: 30036663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a well-known hemorrhagic stroke with high rates of morbidity and mortality where patients frequently experience cognitive dysfunction. This study explores a potential treatment for cognitive dysfunction following SAH with the demonstration that multi-target drug cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) can relieve cognitive dysfunction by decreasing hippocampal neuron apoptosis following SAH in rats. Experimentally, 110 male SD rats were separated at random into Sham (20), SAH + Vehicle (30), SAH + 4 ml/kg CEGI (30), and SAH + 1 ml/kg CEGI groups (30) and an endovascular perforation model was created to induce SAH. We discovered that the number of TUNEL-positive neurons in the hippocampus was markedly decreased in SAH + 4 ml/kg and SAH + 1 ml/kg CEGI groups compared to the SAH + Vehicle group. This finding was associated with an observed decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome-c and PUMA expression, and the suppression of caspase-3 activation following SAH. In Morris water maze tests, the SAH + 4 ml/kg CEGI group demonstrated a decreased escape latency time and increase in time spent in the target quadrant as well as crossing times of platform region. These results indicate that high doses of CEGI can decrease hippocampal neuron apoptosis and relieve cognitive dysfunction in rats, suggesting that multitarget-drug CEGI exhibits a neuroprotective effect in SAH via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rongwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Koopmans J, HogenEsch I, Copray S, Middel B, van Dijk H, Go KG, Staal M. Cryopreservation of Porcine Fetal Ventral Mesencephalic Tissue for Intrastriatal Transplantation in Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783986378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Koopmans
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke HogenEsch
- Department of Neurology, Fylkessjukehuset, N-5500 Haugesund, Norway
| | - Sjef Copray
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berrie Middel
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Dijk
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Kian-Gwan Go
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Staal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Nikolaeva S, Bayunova L, Sokolova T, Vlasova Y, Bachteeva V, Avrova N, Parnova R. GM1 and GD1a gangliosides modulate toxic and inflammatory effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide by preventing TLR4 translocation into lipid rafts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:239-47. [PMID: 25499607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous gangliosides are known to inhibit the effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different cells exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. The mechanisms underlying ganglioside action are not fully understood. Because LPS recognition and receptor complex formation occur in lipid rafts, and gangliosides play a key role in their maintenance, we hypothesize that protective effects of exogenous gangliosides would depend on inhibition of LPS signaling via prevention of TLR4 translocation into lipid rafts. The effect of GM1 and GD1a gangliosides on LPS-induced toxic and inflammatory reactions in PC12 cells, and in epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder, was studied. In PC12 cells, GD1a and GM1 significantly reduced the effect of LPS on the decrease of cell survival and on stimulation of reactive oxygen species production. In epithelial cells, gangliosides decreased LPS-stimulated iNOS expression, NO, and PGE2 production. Subcellular fractionation, in combination with immunoblotting, showed that pretreatment of cells with GM1, GD1a, or methyl-β-cyclodextrin, completely eliminated the effect of LPS on translocation of TLR4 into lipid rafts. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that ganglioside-induced prevention of TLR4 translocation into lipid rafts could be a mechanism of protection against LPS in various cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Nikolaeva
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lubov Bayunova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Sokolova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Vlasova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vera Bachteeva
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Avrova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rimma Parnova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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Zakharova IO, Sokolova TV, Vlasova YA, Furaev VV, Rychkova MP, Avrova NF. GM1 ganglioside activates ERK1/2 and Akt downstream of Trk tyrosine kinase and protects PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2262-75. [PMID: 25216715 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside GM1 at micro- and nanomolar concentrations was shown to increase the viability of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide and diminish the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative inactivation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, the effects of micromolar GM1 being more pronounced than those of nanomolar GM1. These effects of GM1 were abolished by Trk receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor and diminished by MEK1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase C inhibitors. Hydrogen peroxide activates Trk tyrosine kinase; Akt and ERK1/2 are activated downstream of this protein kinase. GM1 was found to activate Trk receptor tyrosine kinase in PC12 cells. GM1 (100 nM and 10 µM) increased the basal activity of Akt, but did not change Akt activity in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Basal ERK1/2 activity in PC12 cells was increased by GM1 at a concentration of 10 µM, but not at nanomolar concentrations. Activation of ERK1/2 by hydrogen peroxide was enhanced by GM1 at a concentration of 10 µM and to a lesser extent at a concentration of 100 nM. Thus, the protective and metabolic effects of GM1 ganglioside on PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide appear to depend on the activation of Trk receptor tyrosine kinase and downstream activation of Akt and ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina O Zakharova
- Department of Comparative Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez Avenue, 44, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russian Federation
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McGuire SO, Sortwell CE, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph JA, Hejna MJ, Collier TJ. Dietary supplementation with blueberry extract improves survival of transplanted dopamine neurons. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 9:251-8. [PMID: 17263092 DOI: 10.1080/10284150601086134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The exact mechanisms contributing to poor neuronal survival in cell transplantation paradigms for Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. However, transplantation-induced host immune response, inflammation, and subsequent oxidative stress are likely contributors to cell death since dopamine (DA) neurons are exquisitely sensitive to oxidative damage. Multiple studies have attempted to improve cell survival by treating transplant material with antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds, whereas far fewer studies have attempted to modify the host environment to reduce these threats. Flavonoids, phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. For example, supplementation with dietary blueberry extract (BBE) prevents oxidative stress-associated impairment of striatal motor function during aging and restores lost motor function in aged rats. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of rodent diets with BBE would improve the survival of embryonic DA neurons transplanted into the unilaterally DA-depleted striatum. Inclusion of 2% BBE in a custom chow diet significantly increased the survival of implanted DA neurons and ameliorated rotational behavior asymmetries as compared to transplanted animals consuming a standard diet. These findings provide support for the potential of dietary phytochemicals as an easily administered and well-tolerated therapy that can be used to improve the effectiveness of DA neuron replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan O McGuire
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical School, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Vlasova YA, Zakharova IO, Sokolova TV, Avrova NF. Metabolic effects of ganglioside GM1 on PC12 cells in oxidative stress depend on modulation of activity of tyrosine kinase Trk of receptors. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093013010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dhanushkodi A, McDonald MP. Intracranial V. cholerae sialidase protects against excitotoxic neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29285. [PMID: 22195039 PMCID: PMC3240658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence shows that GD3 ganglioside is a critical effector in a number of apoptotic pathways, and GM1 ganglioside has neuroprotective and noötropic properties. Targeted deletion of GD3 synthase (GD3S) eliminates GD3 and increases GM1 levels. Primary neurons from GD3S−/− mice are resistant to neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-β or hyperhomocysteinemia, and when GD3S is eliminated in the APP/PSEN1 double-transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease the plaque-associated oxidative stress and inflammatory response are absent. To date, no small-molecule inhibitor of GD3S exists. In the present study we used sialidase from Vibrio cholerae (VCS) to produce a brain ganglioside profile that approximates that of GD3S deletion. VCS hydrolyzes GD1a and complex b-series gangliosides to GM1, and the apoptogenic GD3 is degraded. VCS was infused by osmotic minipump into the dorsal third ventricle in mice over a 4-week period. Sensorimotor behaviors, anxiety, and cognition were unaffected in VCS-treated mice. To determine whether VCS was neuroprotective in vivo, we injected kainic acid on the 25th day of infusion to induce status epilepticus. Kainic acid induced a robust lesion of the CA3 hippocampal subfield in aCSF-treated controls. In contrast, all hippocampal regions in VCS-treated mice were largely intact. VCS did not protect against seizures. These results demonstrate that strategic degradation of complex gangliosides and GD3 can be used to achieve neuroprotection without adversely affecting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandh Dhanushkodi
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael P. McDonald
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Effects of freezing profile parameters on the survival of cryopreserved rat embryonic neural cells. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 201:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang J, Cao D, Shen D, Wang X, Wei D. Efficient conversion from polysialogangliosides to monosialotetrahexosylganglioside using Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 34:493-8. [PMID: 21153421 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new sialidase-producing strain isolated from soil was identified as Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2. Sialidase was produced when Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2 was exposed to polysialogangliosides. The sialidase of Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2 hydrolyzed sialic acid linkages in polysialogangliosides, and released monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1). The sialidase had the capability of product specificity because it did not attack the sialic acid linkage in GM1. Therefore, Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2 was used for GM1 production from polysialogangliosides. In flasks cultivation phase, it was proved that Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2 could convert polysialogangliosides to GM1 efficiently. Scaling-up the bioprocess with 8% crude ganglioside, polysialogangliosides was converted to GM1 by Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2 in 30 L bioreactor after 18 h. The relative content of GM1 increased from 16.3% in crude ganglioside to 83.7% after Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2 conversion. Therefore, a simple, large-scale conversion process for GM1 production from polysialogangliosides was achieved using Oerskovia xanthineolytica YZ-2 as a biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Molecular insights into amyloid regulation by membrane cholesterol and sphingolipids: common mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Mol Med 2010; 12:e27. [PMID: 20807455 PMCID: PMC2931503 DOI: 10.1017/s1462399410001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer, Parkinson and other neurodegenerative diseases involve a series of brain
proteins, referred to as ‘amyloidogenic proteins’, with exceptional
conformational plasticity and a high propensity for self-aggregation. Although the
mechanisms by which amyloidogenic proteins kill neural cells are not fully understood, a
common feature is the concentration of unstructured amyloidogenic monomers on
bidimensional membrane lattices. Membrane-bound monomers undergo a series of
lipid-dependent conformational changes, leading to the formation of oligomers of varying
toxicity rich in β-sheet structures (annular pores, amyloid fibrils) or in
α-helix structures (transmembrane channels). Condensed membrane nano- or
microdomains formed by sphingolipids and cholesterol are privileged sites for the binding
and oligomerisation of amyloidogenic proteins. By controlling the balance between
unstructured monomers and α or β conformers (the chaperone effect),
sphingolipids can either inhibit or stimulate the oligomerisation of amyloidogenic
proteins. Cholesterol has a dual role: regulation of protein–sphingolipid
interactions through a fine tuning of sphingolipid conformation (indirect effect), and
facilitation of pore (or channel) formation through direct binding to amyloidogenic
proteins. Deciphering this complex network of molecular interactions in the context of
age- and disease-related evolution of brain lipid expression will help understanding of
how amyloidogenic proteins induce neural toxicity and will stimulate the development of
innovative therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Vlasova YA, Zakharova IO, Sokolova TI, Furaev VV, Rychkova MP, Avrova NF. Role of tyrosine kinase of Trk-Receptors in realization of antioxidant effect of ganglioside GM1 in PC12 cells. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093009050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sphingolipids and gangliosides of the nervous system in membrane function and dysfunction. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:1748-59. [PMID: 20006608 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple sphingolipids such as ceramide and sphingomyelin (SM) as well as more complex glycosphingolipids play very important roles in cell function under physiological conditions and during disease development and progression. Sphingolipids are particularly abundant in the nervous system. Due to their amphiphilic nature they localize to cellular membranes and many of their roles in health and disease result from membrane reorganization and from lipid interaction with proteins within cellular membranes. In this review we discuss some of the functions of sphingolipids in processes that entail cellular membranes and their role in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on SM, ceramide and gangliosides.
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Protective and antioxidative effects of GM1 ganglioside in PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide are mediated by Trk tyrosine kinase. Neurochem Res 2009; 35:85-98. [PMID: 19621257 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
GM1 ganglioside was found to increase the survival of PC12 cells exposed to H(2)O(2), its action was blocked by Trk tyrosine kinase inhibitor K-252a. Thus, the inhibition of H(2)O(2) cytotoxic action by GM1 constituted 52.8 +/- 4.3%, but in the presence of 1.0 microM K-252a it was only 11.7 +/- 10.8%, i.e. the effect of GM1 became insignificant. Exposure to GM1 markedly reduced the increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminished the inactivation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase induced in PC12 cells by H(2)O(2), but in the presence of K-252a GM1 did not change these metabolic parameters. The inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C decreased the effects of GM1. A combination of these protein kinase inhibitors reduced inhibition of H(2)O(2) cytotoxic action by GM1 to the larger extent than each of the inhibitors and practically abolished the ability of GM1 to decrease H(2)O(2)-induced ROS accumulation. The protective and antioxidative effects of GM1 in PC12 cells exposed to H(2)O(2) appear to be mediated by activation of Trk receptor tyrosine kinase and the protein kinases downstream from this enzyme.
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Membrane permeability coefficients of murine primary neural brain cells in the presence of cryoprotectant. Cryobiology 2009; 58:308-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sokolova TV, Zakharova IO, Furaev VV, Rychkova MP, Vlasova YA, Avrova NF. A Decrease of neuroprotective effect of ganglioside GM1 on PC12 cells under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of inhibitor of tyrosine kinase of Trk-receptors. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093008040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sokolova TV, Zakharova IO, Furaev VV, Rychkova MP, Avrova NF. PC12 cells transfected with human mutant gene causing one of Alzheimer’s disease forms have a high sensitivity to oxidative stress. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093008010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Quinn M, Mukhida K, Sadi D, Hong M, Mendez I. Adjunctive use of the non-ionic surfactant Poloxamer 188 improves fetal dopaminergic cell survival and reinnervation in a neural transplantation strategy for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 27:43-52. [PMID: 18093176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although neural transplantation of fetal dopaminergic cells is a promising therapy for Parkinson's disease, poor transplanted cell survival limits its efficacy. In the present study it was hypothesized that the use of Poloxamer 188 (P188), a non-ionic surfactant, during cell preparation and transplantation may protect cells from associated mechanical injury and thus improve transplanted cell survival in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Fetal rat dopaminergic tissue was dissociated in media with or without P188 and then cultured for 1 week or transplanted into the striatum of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Fetal dopaminergic cell survival and reinnervation of the host brain were examined using tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry and stereological quantification. The number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells in vitro and in vivo was significantly increased by 2.2-fold by incubating fetal dopaminergic cells with P188 during tissue dissociation. Furthermore, the striatal reinnervation in parkinsonian rats that received intrastriatal transplants of P188-exposed dopaminergic cells was significantly enhanced (1.8-fold increase) compared with rats that received non-P188-treated cells. In conclusion, P188 protects fetal dopaminergic cells from mechanical injury by increasing cell survival and enhances dopaminergic fibre outgrowth into the transplanted striatum. Use of P188 may thus be an important adjunct to improve the clinical efficacy of neural transplantation for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Quinn
- Cell Restoration Laboratory, Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Surgery (Neurosurgery), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Paynter SJ. Principles and practical issues for cryopreservation of nerve cells. Brain Res Bull 2007; 75:1-14. [PMID: 18158089 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nerve cells isolated from the brain have a number of research and clinical applications, not the least of which is their transplantation to patients with Parkinson's disease. Neural primary and precursor cells of several areas of the brain are potential candidates for transplantation and research. However, supply of suitable tissue is one of the major problems associated with the widespread application of such techniques. The ability to store such tissue for prolonged periods would greatly alleviate this problem. Cryopreservation allows indefinite storage, provided the storage temperature is sufficiently low. Whilst many of the potentially usable cell types have been shown to be capable of surviving cryopreservation to some degree, survival post-thaw needs to be considerably improved. Cryopreservation techniques applied to date are mostly crude and often adopted from those used for unrelated cell types. Studies involving cryopreservation of primary neural cells and stem cells are reviewed, the basic principles of cryopreservation explained and suggestions made for improvements to the low temperature storage of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Paynter
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Zakharova IO, Sokolova TV, Furaev VV, Rychkova MP, Avrova NF. Effects of oxidative stress inhibitors, neurotoxins, and ganglioside GM1 on Na+,K+-ATPase activity in PC12 Cells and brain synaptosomes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093007020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sokolova TV, Zakharova IO, Furaev VV, Rychkova MP, Avrova NF. Neuroprotective effect of ganglioside GM1 on the cytotoxic action of hydrogen peroxide and amyloid beta-peptide in PC12 cells. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:1302-13. [PMID: 17401655 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Ganglioside GM1 was shown to increase the viability of PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide or amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta(25-35)). The PC12 cells transfected with mutant gene (expressing APP(SW)) were found to be more sensitive to oxidative stress than the cells transfected with wild type gene (expressing APP(WT)) or vector-transfected cells, GM1 being effective in enhancing the viability of the cells transfected with mutant gene. The exposure to hydrogen peroxide or Abeta(25-35) results in a partial inactivation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in PC12 cells, H(2)O(2) increases MDA accumulation in these cells. But these effects could be partially prevented or practically abolished by GM1 ganglioside. In the presence of the inhibitor of tyrosine kinase of Trk receptors (K-252a) the protective and metabolic effects of GM1 on PC12 cells in conditions of oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide are not observed or are markedly diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Sokolova
- Department of Comparative Neurochemistry, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Milosevic J, Storch A, Schwarz J. Cryopreservation Does Not Affect Proliferation and Multipotency of Murine Neural Precursor Cells. Stem Cells 2005; 23:681-8. [PMID: 15849175 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research offers unique opportunities for developing new medical therapies for devastating diseases and a new way to explore fundamental questions of biology. Establishing an efficient freezing protocol for neural precursor cells (NPCs) is of great importance for advances in cell-based therapies. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorter-based cell death/survival analysis and Western blot analysis of proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and prosurvival proteins (Bcl-2) to study the effect of a variety of cryoprotective agents on fetal mouse forebrain NPCs. Neurospheres frozen at -70 degrees C or in liquid nitrogen in a rate-controlled manner and thawed after 5 days retained viability of 60%-70% measured 24 hours after thawing. However, 1 week after thawing, viability dropped to 50%-60%. Using a clonogenic sphere formation assay, we showed that recovery rate of frozen NPCs was approximately 26% and did not significantly differ between dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)- and glycerol-supplemented samples. Application of the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk during freezing or in the first week after thawing resulted in protection of cryopreserved neurospheres after thawing but not during the freezing process, indicating that apoptosis limits recovery of NPCs. Cell survival was not reduced in cells that were enzymatically separated before cryopreservation. Optimal protection of NPCs was achieved when 10% DMSO alone or in a combination with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) was used. However, 10% glycerol alone was equally effective. Using these protocols, NPCs retained their multipotency and differentiated into both glial (GFAP-positive) and neuronal (Tuj1-positive) cells. Percentage of Tuj1-positive cells in 5% and 10% DMSO, in 10% DMSO + 10% FCS, and in 10% glycerol remained at the same level as before freezing and varied from 5%-7%. We conclude that cryopreservation (up to 1 month at -70 degrees C and up to 1 year in liquid nitrogen) does not markedly alter the rate of proliferation and multipotency of murine neural precursor cells.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, sequential, multicenter clinical trial of two doses of Sygen versus placebo. OBJECTIVES To determine efficacy and safety of Sygen in acute spinal cord injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA An earlier, single-center trial in 28 patients showed an improvement (50.0% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.034) in marked recovery with Sygen. METHODS Standard clinical trial techniques. RESULTS The prospectively planned analysis at the prespecified endpoint time for all patients was negative. There was a significant effect in all patients in the primary outcome variable (the percentage of marked recovery) at week 8, the end of the dosing period. There was a significant effect in all patients in the time at which marked recovery is first achieved. Restricted to severity Group B, which has small sample size, the primary efficacy analysis showed a trend but did not reach significance. There is a large, consistent and, at some time points, significant effect in the primary outcome variable in the nonoperated patients through week 26. The American Spinal Injury Association motor, light touch, and pinprick scores showed a consistent trend in favor of Sygen, as also did bowel function, bladder function, sacral sensation, and anal contraction. The less severely injured patients appeared to have a greater beneficial drug effect. Evidence against an effect of Sygen was minimal and scattered. CONCLUSIONS Although not proven in the primary efficacy analysis of this trial, Sygen appears to be beneficial in patients with severe spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Geisler
- Medical Group, S.C., Chicago Institute of Neurosurgery and Neuroresearch, 2515 North Clark Street, Suite 800, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.
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