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Parra-Marín O, López-Pacheco K, Hernández R, López-Villaseñor I. The highly diverse TATA box-binding proteins among protists: A review. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 239:111312. [PMID: 32771681 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcription is the first step of gene expression regulation and is a fundamental mechanism for establishing the viability and development of a cell. The TATA box-binding protein (TBP) interaction with a TATA box in a promoter is one of the best studied mechanisms in transcription initiation. TBP is a transcription factor that is highly conserved from archaea to humans and is essential for the transcription initiated by each of the three RNA polymerases. In addition, the discovery of TBP-related factor 1 (TRF1) and other factors related to TBP shed light on the variability among transcription initiation complexes, thus demonstrating that the compositions of these complexes are, in fact, more complicated than originally believed. Despite these facts, the majority of studies on transcription have been performed on animal, plant and fungal cells, which serve as canonical models, and information regarding protist cells is relatively scarce. The aim of this work is to review the diversity of the TBPs that have been documented in protists and describe some of the specific features that differentiate them from their counterparts in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Parra-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karla López-Pacheco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Imelda López-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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2
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Ozer Uyar E, Yücel M, Hamamcı H. Cloning and expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 from Rhizopus oryzae. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:459-68. [PMID: 26567772 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a reducing disaccharide acting as a protectant against environmental stresses in many organisms. In fungi, Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (TPS1) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of trehalose. In this study, a full-length cDNA from Rhizopus oryzae encoding TPS1 (designated as RoTPS1) was isolated. The RoTPS1 cDNA is composed of 2505 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 834 amino acids with a molecular mass of 97.8 kDa. The amino acid sequence of RoTPS1 has a relatively high homology with the TPS1s in several other filamentous fungi. RoTPS1 was cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and secretively expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Ozer Uyar
- Arslanbey Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Yücel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Hamamcı
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Ying SH, Ji XP, Wang XX, Feng MG, Keyhani NO. The transcriptional co-activator multiprotein bridging factor 1 from the fungal insect pathogen,Beauveria bassiana, mediates regulation of hyphal morphogenesis, stress tolerance and virulence. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:1879-97. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ji
- Institute of Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Wang
- Institute of Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Nemat O. Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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Arce DP, Godoy AV, Tsuda K, Yamazaki KI, Valle EM, Iglesias MJ, Di Mauro MF, Casalongué CA. The analysis of an Arabidopsis triple knock-down mutant reveals functions for MBF1 genes under oxidative stress conditions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:194-200. [PMID: 19783066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activators of the multiprotein bridging factor 1 (MBF1) type belong to a small multigenic family that controls gene expression by connecting transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. In this report, a triple knock-down mutant (abc-) for the Arabidopsis thaliana MBF1 genes AtMBF1a, AtMBF1b and AtMBF1c was generated. The phenotypic characterization using oxidative agents such as hydrogen peroxide and methyl viologen revealed that the abc- mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress. The triple knock-down mutant, abc- was also sensitive to osmotic stress mediated by high concentrations of sorbitol. Furthermore, the abc- phenotype was partially or completely rescued by AtMBF1c cDNA over-expression (abc- +c) depending on physiological and developmental conditions. AtMBF1s regulate the expression of ABR1, which is a member of the ethylene-response factor family and acts as ABA repressor. Thus, we conclude that AtMBF1 gene family may function as a regulatory component of the cross-talk node between ethylene, ABA and stress signal pathways. Furthermore, higher levels of a HSP70 mRNA and an immunoreactive HSP70 protein were detected in the abc- mutant. The participation of MBF1c as a possible negative regulator of HSP genes was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Pamela Arce
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
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5
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Rider SD, Zhu G. Cryptosporidium: genomic and biochemical features. Exp Parasitol 2008; 124:2-9. [PMID: 19187778 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in understanding the unique biochemistry of the two closely related human enteric pathogens Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis has been stimulated by the elucidation of the complete genome sequences for both pathogens. Much of the work that has occurred since that time has been focused on understanding the metabolic pathways encoded by the genome in hopes of providing increased understanding of the parasite biology, and in the identification of novel targets for pharmacological interventions. However, despite identifying the genes encoding enzymes that participate in many of the major metabolic pathways, only a hand full of proteins have actually been the subjects of detailed scrutiny. Thus, much of the biochemistry of these parasites remains a true mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Dean Rider
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Quantification of silkworm coactivator of MBF1 mRNA by SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR reveals tissue- and stage-specific transcription levels. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1217-23. [PMID: 18612846 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivators play a crucial role in gene transcription and expression. Multiprotein bridging factor 1 (MBF1) is a transcriptional coactivator necessary for transcriptional activation caused by DNA-binding activators, such as FTZ-F1 and GCN4. Until now, very few studies have been reported in the silkworm. We selected the Bombyx mori because it is a model insect and acts as an economic animal for silk industry. In this study, we conducted the quantitative analysis of MBF1 mRNA in silkworm B. mori L. with actin (A3) as internal standard by means of SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR method. The total RNA was extracted from the silk gland, epidermis, fat body, and midguts of the fifth instar B. mori larvae. The mRNA was reverse transcripted, and the cDNA fragments of MBF1 mRNA and actin gene were amplified by RT-PCR using specific primers. MBF1 mRNA expression in different tissues of silkworm B. mori L. was quantified using standardized SYBR Green I RT-PCR. The results suggested MBF1 gene was expressed in all investigated organs but highly expressed in the silk gland, showing its relation to biosynthesis of silk proteins.
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Snelling WJ, Lin Q, Moore JE, Millar BC, Tosini F, Pozio E, Dooley JSG, Lowery CJ. Proteomics analysis and protein expression during sporozoite excystation of Cryptosporidium parvum (Coccidia, Apicomplexa). Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 6:346-55. [PMID: 17124246 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600372-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis, caused by coccidian parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium, is a major cause of human gastrointestinal infections and poses a significant health risk especially to immunocompromised patients. Despite intensive efforts for more than 20 years, there is currently no effective drug treatment against these protozoa. This study examined the zoonotic species Cryptosporidium parvum at two important stages of its life cycle: the non-excysted (transmissive) and excysted (infective) forms. To increase our understanding of the molecular basis of sporozoite excystation, LC-MS/MS coupling with a stable isotope N-terminal labeling strategy using iTRAQ reagents was used on soluble fractions of both non-excysted and excysted sporozoites, i.e. sporozoites both inside and outside oocysts were examined. Sporozoites are the infective stage that penetrates small intestinal enterocytes. Also to increase our knowledge of the C. parvum proteome, shotgun sequencing was performed on insoluble fractions from both non-excysted and excysted sporozoites. In total 303 C. parvum proteins were identified, 56 of which, hitherto described as being only hypothetical proteins, are expressed in both excysted and non-excysted sporozoites. Importantly we demonstrated that the expression of 26 proteins increases significantly during excystation. These excystation-induced proteins included ribosomal proteins, metabolic enzymes, and heat shock proteins. Interestingly three Apicomplexa-specific proteins and five Cryptosporidium-specific proteins augmented in excysted invasive sporozoites. These eight proteins represent promising targets for developing vaccines or chemotherapies that could block parasite entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Snelling
- Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
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Arce DP, Tonón C, Zanetti ME, Godoy AV, Hirose S, Casalongué CA. The potato transcriptional co-activator StMBF1 is up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and interacts with the TATA-box binding protein. BMB Rep 2006; 39:355-60. [PMID: 16889677 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2006.39.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain a better understanding on the function of the potato Solanum tuberosum Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1 protein (StMBF1) its interaction with the TATA box binding protein (TBP) was demonstrated. In addition we reported that StMBF1 rescues the yeast mbf1 mutant phenotype, indicating its role as a plant co-activator. These data reinforce the hypothesis that MBF1 function is also conserved among non closely related plant species. In addition, measurement of StMBF1 protein level by Western blot using anti-StMBF1 antibodies indicated that the protein level increased upon H(2)O(2) and heat shock treatments. However, the potato beta-1,3-glucanase protein level was not changed under the same experimental conditions. These data indicate that StMBF1 participates in the cell stress response against oxidative stress allowing us to suggest that MBF1 genes from different plant groups may share similar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Pamela Arce
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas, FCEyN, UNMDP, CP 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zanetti ME, Chan RL, Godoy AV, González DH, Casalongué CA. Homeodomain-leucine zipper proteins interact with a plant homologue of the transcriptional co-activator multiprotein bridging factor 1. BMB Rep 2004; 37:320-4. [PMID: 15469713 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2004.37.3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
StMBF1 (Solanum tuberosum multiprotein bridging factor 1) is a plant member of the MBF1 family of transcriptional co-activators. In an attempt to understand the role of StMBF1, we analyzed its interaction with plant transcription factors of the homeodomain-leucine zipper (Hd-Zip) family, a group of proteins with a typical leucine zipper motif adjacent to a homeodomain. StMBF1 is able to interact in vitro with the Hd-Zip protein Hahb-4 both in the presence and absence of DNA. Upon binding, StMBF1 increases the DNA binding affinity of Hahb-4, and of another plant homeodomain containing protein from the GL2/Hd-Zip IV family, HAHR-1. The biological role of interactions is discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Zanetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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10
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Millership JJ, Waghela P, Cai X, Cockerham A, Zhu G. Differential expression and interaction of transcription co-activator MBF1 with TATA-binding protein (TBP) in the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2004; 150:1207-1213. [PMID: 15133082 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
All gene-specific transcriptional activators initiate gene transcriptions by binding to promoter sequences and recruiting general transcription factors including TATA-binding protein (TBP) to upstream of targeted genes. Some of them require multiprotein bridging factors (MBFs); for example, the type 1 MBF (MBF1) which interconnects the gene activator with TBP. In this study, the properties of a previously cloned type 1 multiprotein bridging factor (CpMBF1) and a newly identified TBP (CpTBP1) from the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum were investigated. Genes encoding both proteins were differentially expressed as determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCRs during the parasite life cycle, but in different patterns. The highest level of expression of CpMBF1 was in the well-developed intracellular parasites, whereas that of CpTBP1 was found in intact oocysts and late intracellular stages, possibly correlated with the formation of oocysts. Both CpMBF1 and CpTBP1 were expressed as maltose-binding protein fusion proteins. The function of CpTBP1 was confirmed by its ability to bind a biotinylated DNA oligonucleotide containing TATA consensus sequence. The interaction between CpMBF1 and CpTBP1 was also observed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Since little is known about the regulation and control of gene activity in C. parvum, this study may point to a new direction for the study of gene activation associated with the development of the complex life cycle of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Millership
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Palvi Waghela
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Amy Cockerham
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guan Zhu
- Faculty of Genetics Program, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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LaGier MJ, Tachezy J, Stejskal F, Kutisova K, Keithly JS. Mitochondrial-type iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis genes (IscS and IscU) in the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2004; 149:3519-3530. [PMID: 14663084 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several reports have indicated that the iron-sulfur cluster [Fe-S] assembly machinery in most eukaryotes is confined to the mitochondria and chloroplasts. The best-characterized and most highly conserved [Fe-S] assembly proteins are a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent cysteine desulfurase (IscS), and IscU, a protein functioning as a scaffold for the assembly of [Fe-S] prior to their incorporation into apoproteins. In this work, genes encoding IscS and IscU homologues have been isolated and characterized from the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, an opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients, for which no effective treatment is available. Primary sequence analysis (CpIscS and CpIscU) and phylogenetic studies (CpIscS) indicate that both genes are most closely related to mitochondrial homologues from other organisms. Moreover, the N-terminal signal sequences of CpIscS and CpIscU predicted in silico specifically target green fluorescent protein to the mitochondrial network of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overall, these findings suggest that the previously identified mitochondrial relict of C. parvum may have been retained by the parasite as an intracellular site for [Fe-S] assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J LaGier
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, PO Box 22002, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Katerina Kutisova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janet S Keithly
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, PO Box 22002, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA
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Abstract
P-ATPases are transmembrane proteins that hydrolyse ATP to drive cations or other substances across biomembranes. In this study we present the characterisation of a novel P-ATPase from the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum (CpATPase3), an opportunistic pathogen in autoimmune deficiency syndrome patients, for which no treatment is available. The single copy gene encodes 1488 amino acids, predicting a protein of 169.7 kDa. Primary sequence analysis, as well as an extensive phylogenetic reconstruction, indicated CpATPase3 belongs to a novel class of eukaryotic-specific P-ATPases (Type V) with undefined substrate preferences. Transcription and translation of the gene were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis of sporozoite protein extracts. Immunofluorescent microscopy of C. parvum sporozoites using rabbit antiserum raised against a glutathione-S-transferase-CpATPase3 (GST-ATP3) fusion protein showed that the parasite transporter was located within the apical complex associated with the parasite host-invasion machinery. Overall, these data demonstrate the diversity of C. parvum transporters, and raise the potential of Type V P-ATPases as apicomplexan-specific drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J LaGier
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and SUNY Albany School of Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 22002, 12201-2002, USA
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