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Nie H, Zhang R, Yu X, Zhang Y, Yan P, Li E, Wang R, Wu X. Molecular cloning, immunological characterization, and expression analysis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain of the Chinese alligator during different stages of reproductive cycle. Gene 2021; 789:145672. [PMID: 33882325 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neurohormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an essential role in the control of reproductive functions in vertebrates. However, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the GnRHs precursor and it role in the reproductive cycles regulating has not been illustrated in crocodilian species. In the present study, full-length cDNAs encoding GnRH1 forms, its predominant localization within brain and peripheral tissues, and GnRH1 peptide concentrations in the hypothalamus and pituitary in relation to seasonal gonadal development of Chinese alligator were investigated. The cDNA of GnRH1 is consisted of 282 bp open reading frame encoding 93 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of alligator GnRH1 contains several conserved regions and shows a closer genetic relationship to the avian species than to other reptile species. The GnRH1 immunopositive cells were not only detected widely in cerebrum, diencephalon, medulla oblongata but also observed in peripheral tissues, these widespread distribution characteristics indicated that GnRH1 possibly possess the multi-functionality in Chinese Alligator. GnRH1 peptide concentration within hypothalamus were observed be the highest in RP group (P < 0.05), in association with an peak value in GSI and emerging of late vitellogenic follicles in the ovary. Taken together, our results suggested that GnRH1 was predominantly involved in the vitellogenesis process of seasonal gonadal development of Chinese Alligator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Nie
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010022, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - En Li
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Renping Wang
- Alligator Research Center of Anhui Province, Xuanzhou 242000, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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Kummrow MS, Gilman C, Mackie P, Smith DA, Mastromonaco GF. Noninvasive analysis of fecal reproductive hormone metabolites in female veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) by enzyme immunoassay. Zoo Biol 2010; 30:95-115. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ikemoto T, Enomoto M, Park MK. Identification and characterization of a reptilian GnRH receptor from the leopard gecko. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 214:137-47. [PMID: 15062552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/27/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of reproductive functions through interactions with its specific receptor. We describe the first molecular cloning and characterization of a full-length GnRH receptor (GnRHR) from the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius. It has a distinct genomic structure consisting of five exons and four introns, compared with all the other reported GnRHR genes. A native GnRH form, cGnRH-II, stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) production in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with the GnRHR, in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA was expressed in all the tissues and organs examined. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cloned GnRHR belongs to the type 2/nonmammalian I GnRHR. Low-expression levels were observed from the pituitary glands of reproductively active leopard geckos, indicating the possibility that there is at least one more type of GnRHR highly expressed in the pituitary gland for the gonadotropin secretion in this reptile.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ikemoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Pierantoni R, Cobellis G, Meccariello R, Fasano S. Evolutionary aspects of cellular communication in the vertebrate hypothalamo-hypophysio-gonadal axis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2003; 218:69-141. [PMID: 12199520 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(02)18012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the comparative approach for developing insight into knowledge related to cellular communications occurring in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Indeed, research on adaptive phenomena leads to evolutionary tracks. Thus, going through recent results, we suggest that pheromonal communication precedes local communication which, in turn, precedes communication via the blood stream. Furthermore, the use of different routes of communication by a certain mediator leads to a conceptual change related to what hormones are. Nevertheless, endocrine communication should leave out of consideration the source (glandular or not) of mediator. Finally, we point out that the use of lower vertebrate animal models is fundamental to understanding general physiological mechanisms. In fact, different anatomical organization permits access to tissues not readily approachable in mammals.
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Somoza GM, Miranda LA, Strobl-Mazzulla P, Guilgur LG. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): from fish to mammalian brains. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2002; 22:589-609. [PMID: 12838906 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021888420271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with a family of neuropeptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), that play a key role in the development and maintenance of reproductive function in vertebrates. 2. Until now, a total of 16 GnRH structural variants have been isolated and characterized from vertebrate and protochordate nervous tissue. All vertebrate species already investigated have at least two GnRH forms coexisting in the central nervous system. However, it is now well accepted that three forms of GnRH in early and late evolved bony fishes are present. 3. In these cases, cGnRH-II is expressed by midbrain neurons, a species-specific GnRH is present mainly in the preoptic area and the hypothalamus, and sGnRH is localized in the terminal nerve ganglion (TNG). In this context it is possible to think that three GnRH forms and three GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) subtypes are expressed in the central nervous system of a given species. 4. Then it is possible to propose three different GnRH lineages expressed by distinct brain areas in vertebrates: (1) the conserved cGnRH-II or mesencephalic lineage; or (2) the hypothalamic or "releasing" lineage whose primary structure has diverged by point mutations (mGnRH and its orthologous forms: hrGnRH, wfGnRH, cfGnRH, sbGnRH, and pjGnRH); and (3) the telencephalic sGnRH form. Also different GnRH nomenclatures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo M Somoza
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología, Instituto Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Montaner AD, Park MK, Fischer WH, Craig AG, Chang JP, Somoza GM, Rivier JE, Sherwood NM. Primary structure of a novel gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of a teleost, Pejerrey. Endocrinology 2001; 142:1453-60. [PMID: 11250925 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.4.8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide GnRH is the major regulator of reproduction in vertebrates acting as a first signal from the hypothalamus to pituitary gonadotropes. Three GnRH molecular variants were detected in the brain of a fish, pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), using chromatographic and immunological methods. The present study shows that one form is identical to chicken GnRH-II (sequence analysis and mass spectrometry) and the second one is immunologically and chromatographically similar to salmon GnRH. The third form was proven to be a novel form of GnRH by isolating the peptide from the brain and determining its primary structure by chemical sequencing and mass spectrometry. The sequence of the novel pejerrey GnRH is pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Ser-Pro-Gly-NH(2), which is different from the known forms of the vertebrate and protochordate GnRH family. The new form of GnRH is biologically active in releasing gonadotropin and GH from pituitary cells in an in vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Montaner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Saladillo 2452 (C1440FFX), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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