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Lima ER, Freire RP, Suzuki MF, Oliveira JE, Yosidaki VL, Peroni CN, Sevilhano T, Zorzeto M, Torati LS, Soares CRJ, Lima IDDM, Kronenberger T, Maltarollo VG, Bartolini P. Isolation and Characterization of the Arapaima gigas Growth Hormone (ag-GH) cDNA and Three-Dimensional Modeling of This Hormone in Comparison with the Human Hormone (hGH). Biomolecules 2023; 13:158. [PMID: 36671542 PMCID: PMC9855374 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous work, the common gonadotrophic hormone α-subunit (ag-GTHα), the ag-FSH β- and ag-LH β-subunit cDNAs, were isolated and characterized by our research group from A. gigas pituitaries, while a preliminary synthesis of ag-FSH was also carried out in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. In the present work, the cDNA sequence encoding the ag-growth hormone (ag-GH) has also been isolated from the same giant Arapaimidae Amazonian fish. The ag-GH consists of 208 amino acids with a putative 23 amino acid signal peptide and a 185 amino acid mature peptide. The highest identity, based on the amino acid sequences, was found with the Elopiformes (82.0%), followed by Anguilliformes (79.7%) and Acipenseriformes (74.5%). The identity with the corresponding human GH (hGH) amino acid sequence is remarkable (44.8%), and the two disulfide bonds present in both sequences were perfectly conserved. Three-dimensional (3D) models of ag-GH, in comparison with hGH, were generated using the threading modeling method followed by molecular dynamics. Our simulations suggest that the two proteins have similar structural properties without major conformational changes under the simulated conditions, even though they are separated from each other by a >100 Myr evolutionary period (1 Myr = 1 million years). The sequence found will be used for the biotechnological synthesis of ag-GH while the ag-GH cDNA obtained will be utilized for preliminary Gene Therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Rosa Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Passos Freire
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Fussae Suzuki
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ezequiel Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Luna Yosidaki
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele Nunes Peroni
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Sevilhano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Moisés Zorzeto
- Piscicultura Raça, Canabrava do Norte 78658-000, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simon Torati
- EMBRAPA Pesca e Aquicultura, Loteamento Água Fria, Palmas 77008-900, TO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Jorge Soares
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Daniel de Miranda Lima
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, DE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vinicius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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Choi TJ, Geletu TT. High level expression and purification of recombinant flounder growth hormone in E. coli. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:347-355. [PMID: 30733745 PMCID: PMC6353774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant flounder growth hormone was overproduced in E. coli by using codon optimized synthetic gene and optimized expression conditions for high level production. The gene was cloned into PET-28a expression vector and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). Induction at lower temperature, lower IPTG concentrations and richer growth media during expression resulted in increased expression level. The protein expression profile was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, the authenticity was confirmed by western blotting and the concentration was determined by Bradford assay. In addition, several attempts were made to produce soluble product and all resulted in insoluble product. The overexpressed protein was efficiently purified from inclusion bodies by moderate speed centrifugation after cell lysis. Among the solubilization buffers examined, buffer with 1% N-lauroylsarcosine in the presence of reducing agent DTT at alkaline pH resulted in efficient solubilization and recovery. The denaturant was removed by filtration and dialysis. The amount of the growth hormone recovered was significantly higher than previous reports that expressed native growth hormone genes in E. coli. The methodology adapted in this study, can be used to produce flounder growth hormone at large scale level so that it can be used in aquaculture. This approach may also apply to other proteins if high level expression and efficient purification is sought in E. coli.
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Key Words
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- Expression
- Growth hormone
- IPTG, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- Kan, kanamycin
- Purification
- Recombinant
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TEMED, tetramethylethylenediamine
- bp, base pair
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- fGH, flounder growth hormone
- kDa, kilo Dalton
- kb, kilo base
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Choi
- Pukyong National University, Department of Microbiology, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Temesgen Tola Geletu
- Haramaya University, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Dire Dawa 138, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author at: P.O. Box, 81, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
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Sarasamma S, Varikkodan MM, Liang ST, Lin YC, Wang WP, Hsiao CD. Zebrafish: A Premier Vertebrate Model for Biomedical Research in Indian Scenario. Zebrafish 2017; 14:589-605. [PMID: 29023224 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a versatile model organism that has been used in biomedical research for several decades to study a wide range of biological phenomena. There are many technical advantages of using zebrafish over other vertebrate models. They are readily available, hardy, easy, and inexpensive to maintain in the laboratory, have a short life cycle, and have excellent fecundity. Due to its optical clarity and reproducible capabilities, it has become one of the predominant models of human genetic diseases. Zebrafish research has made rapid strides in the United States and Europe, but in India the field is at an early stage and many researchers still remain unaware of the full research potential of this tiny fish. The zebrafish model system was introduced into India in the early 2000s. Up to now, more than 200 scientific referred articles have been published by Indian researchers. This review gives an overview of the current state of knowledge for zebrafish research in India, with the aim of promoting wider utilization of zebrafish for high level biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sarasamma
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taiwan .,2 Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taiwan .,3 Department of Chemical Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Muhammed Muhsin Varikkodan
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taiwan .,2 Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taiwan .,4 Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Sung-Tzu Liang
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Lin
- 5 Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Wang
- 6 Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University , Hualien, Taiwan .,7 Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University , Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taiwan .,8 Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taiwan .,9 Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taiwan
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Zhong H, Zhou Y, Liu S, Tao M, Long Y, Liu Z, Zhang C, Duan W, Hu J, Song C, Liu Y. Elevated expressions of GH/IGF axis genes in triploid crucian carp. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 178:291-300. [PMID: 22713693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are pivotal signaling factors of the GH/IGF axis, which plays a crucial role in regulating growth in vertebrates. In this study, GH, GHR and IGF-1 cDNAs were cloned from triploid and tetraploid crucian carp. In addition, mRNA expression levels were characterized in diploid red crucian carp, triploids and tetraploids. Reverse transcriptase PCR indicated that GH genes were only expressed in the pituitary, while GHR and IGF-1 were widely expressed in all tested tissues. Real-time PCR study of different seasonal profiles showed that triploids had significantly higher expression of the studied genes during both the prespawning and the spawning season. Although different temperatures (22, 26 and 30°C) showed no significant effects on GH, GHR and IGF-1 mRNA expression in either diploids or triploids, triploids had higher expression levels than diploids at each temperature. After 1 week of fasting, the expression of all studied genes was reduced in both diploids and triploids, while the expressions levels were higher in triploids than in diploids. These results suggest that the elevated expression of GH/IGF axis genes in triploids plays a crucial role in the faster growth rate of triploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Li C, Chen X, Zhang Y, Ye H, Liu T. Molecular and expression characterization of growth hormone/prolactin family genes in the Prenant’s schizothoracin. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:4595-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ji XS, Liu HW, Chen SL, Jiang YL, Tian YS. Growth differences and dimorphic expression of growth hormone (GH) in female and male Cynoglossus semilaevis after male sexual maturation. Mar Genomics 2011; 4:9-16. [PMID: 21429460 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, is an ideal model to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of sexual growth dimorphism in fish species. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of differential age of sexual maturity for females and males on growth and GH mRNA expression in C. semilaevis. The body weight differences between the sexes were not significant in C. semilaevis at age 5 months when females and males were all immature. Significant differences in body weight between the sexes were found after early sexual maturation of males at the age of 9 months. The body weight of 21-month-old females (621.4 ± 86.4g), still not immature, was even 3.28 times higher than that of the males (189.7 ± 14.4g). The cDNAs encoding GH in C. semilaevis was cloned. The GH gene is 2924bp long and consists of six exons and five introns. The results of qRT-PCR showed that GH mRNA levels of the immature females were not significantly different from that of immature males at age 5 months. However, GH mRNA levels of the immature females were significantly higher compared with those of the mature males at age 9 months (P<0.05). At age 11 months, GH mRNA levels of females were even 6.4-fold higher than that of males. In conclusion, for the first time we show that early sexual maturity of males is the main cause of sexual growth dimorphism in C. semilaevis and exert significant effect on GH mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Shan Ji
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization Development of Marine Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Zhang D, Shao Y, Jiang S, Li J, Xu X. Nibea coibor growth hormone gene: its phylogenetic significance, microsatellite variation and expression analysis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 163:233-41. [PMID: 19361510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH) gene has been characterized for a number of fishes and used to establish phylogenetic relationships and as a candidate gene for studies of genetic variation in connection with growth traits. In this study, we report the genomic structure of Nibea coibor GH (designated as ncGH) including its 5'-flanking region, being cloned by homology-cloning and chromosome walking methods. The ncGH gene spans approximately 3.0 kb and consists of six exons and five introns, as found for all cloned teleost GH genes with the exception of carps and catfish. The 5'-flanking region contains consensus sequences for a TATA box, a CRE, a pit-1alpha, a TRE, two HNF-3, a ERE and a GRE. Five microsatellites are identified in the ncGH gene and three of them are polymorphic marker. The open reading frame (ORF) of ncGH is 615 bp in length encoding a polypeptide of 204 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 23.04 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 7.79. The precursor of ncGH consists of a 17 amino-acid signal peptide and a 187 amino-acid mature peptide. The four Cys residues are located at conserved positions (Cys(69), Cys(177), Cys(194) and Cys(202)), and One possible site for N-glycosylation (Asn-X-Ser/Thr motif) is present at Asn(201). The coding region sequence of ncGH is used to align with the sequences of 18 other species from Percoidei and one species from Anabantoidei using Clustal X. A matrix of 612 bp was used to construct the phylogenetic trees using neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The phylogenetic trees by two methods are identical in most of the clades with high bootstrap support. Every family all forms independent monophyly on the phylogenetic trees, in the family, the different species also forms the monophyly according to the different genera. The results are also identical to those from morphological data, and demonstrated that the GH gene is very suitable for phylogenetic relationship analysis of Percoidei. To validate the predicted exon/intron boundaries, ncGH cDNA is cloned using RT-PCR, and tissue distributions are investigated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. The results indicate that the predicted exon/intron is correct, the ncGH mRNA are mainly expressed in pituitary, and weakly expressed in ovary, brain, liver, gill, intestine, muscle and hear, but not expressed in spleen and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianchang Zhang
- Division of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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Rajesh R, Majumdar KC. The growth hormone-encoding gene isolated and characterized from Labeo rohita Hamilton is expressed in CHO cells under the control of constitutive promoters in 'autotransgene' constructs. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 34:413-436. [PMID: 18958599 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH) gene along with its regulatory sequences has been isolated from the blood and pituitary gland of Labeo rohita. This GH gene is approximately 2.8 kb long and consists of five exons and four introns of varying sizes with AG/TA in its exon-intron junctions. The promoter has a single cyclic AMP response unit (CRE) element, TATA, CAT and several Pit 1 binding sequences. The 1169-bp gene transcript starts 54 bp upstream of the ATG initiation codon and has two polyadenylation signals, ATTAAA, after the TAG stop codon. The mature mRNA has the poly (A) tail inserted 16 bp downstream of the second polyadenylation signal. Four chimeric 'autotransgenes' were constructed having either histone 3 or beta-actin promoter and cDNA or the total GH gene. The functionality of the individual components of the autotransgene was determined in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by transfection experiments. Based on the results, the transcription of the GH gene is initiated at the transcription start signal of the respective promoters and terminates at the 3' regulatory sequence of the GH gene. Expression of GH in CHO cells shows that the fish promoters are active, the splicing signal is recognized, and the mRNA produced is stable and translated. The GH protein produced is effectively translocated and secreted into the medium. These results indicate the usefulness of CHO cells in determining the property of individual components of autotransgenes constructed from L. rohita and overall functional commonality between fish and mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajesh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
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Xu Q, Wu X, Hou R, Liao M, Il KH, Shou J, Bian H, Han N, Pan J, Zhang Z, Zhu M. High-level secretory expression, purification and characterization of Ailuropoda melanoleuca growth hormone in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 60:182-7. [PMID: 18468915 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone is one of the most important hormones, which is involved in many reproductive processes of giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca. In this study, the mature peptide of A. melanoleuca growth hormone (AmGH) was successfully expressed and secreted in Pichia pastoris under the control of AOX1 promoter. The expression condition for AmGH in P. pastoris, such as the expression time, pH value and methanol concentration in the BMMY were optimized and the AmGH expression level is about 100 mg/L using GS115 recombinant under optimized condition (96 h of 1.5% methanol induction). The secreted nascent AmGH were purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation. The mature AmGH protein exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 22 kDa on SDS-PAGE. This study would provide a new opportunity for large-scale expression and purification of AmGH, which might facilitate studies on the biological activity of AmGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Yiu-Kwong Leung M, Kwok-Keung Ho W. Production, characterization and applications of mouse anti-grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) growth hormone monoclonal antibodies. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 143:107-15. [PMID: 16352451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mouse anti-grass carp growth hormone (gcGH) monoclonal antibody (MAb) secretors were produced by PEG-mediated fusion of NS-1 myeloma cells and splenic B-lymphocytes of gcGH hyper-immunized mice. Positive secretors were screened by direct ELISA and cloned by limiting dilution. Three positive secretors, 21D3, 22G5 and 23B3, were obtained in a single fusion trial. Anti-gcGH MAbs were produced by growing hybridomas in the peritoneal cavity of pristane-primed mouse. The three MAbs were isotyped to be IgG2a, IgG2b and IgM, respectively. IgG MAbs were purified from ascitic fluid by Hitrap protein G column and IgM MAb was purified by gel filtration chromatography. The purified MAbs were highly specific and had moderate binding affinity. The MAbs were successfully used for the purification of native gcGH from mature grass carp pituitary extract by one-step immunoaffinity chromatography, for the quantification of gcGH by competitive sandwich ELISA, and for the probing of somatotropes in grass carp pituitary by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yiu-Kwong Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, BMSB, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
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Li WS, Chen D, Wong AOL, Lin HR. Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and ontogeny of mRNA expression of growth hormone in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2005; 144:78-89. [PMID: 16055124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding for growth hormone (GH) was cloned from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) pituitary using reverse transcription and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The GH precursor cDNA consists of 956 bp in size with a 85 bp 5'-untranslated region and 259 bp 3'-untranslated region. The 612 bp open reading frame encodes a 204 amino acid (aa) protein, which represents the precursor of grouper GH composed of a 17 aa signal peptide followed by a 187 aa mature GH polypeptide. The sequence of grouper GH shares 95% aa sequence homology with GH reported in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), and it also exhibits structural features highly homologous to GH reported in other fish species in the domains representing conserved motifs of GH polypeptides. A single GH transcript of 0.93 kb in size has been detected with Northern blot in the pituitary. Using semi-quantitative PCR approach, dominant PCR products were observed in grouper pituitary, while less PCR products were detected in the brain, spleen, and ovary. The expression of GH mRNA could be detected in 1dph larvae, after that a significant increase in PCR products was found in 5-day-old fish larvae followed by a drop to very low levels in 15-day-old fish larvae. A second rise was then observed in 25-day-old grouper larvae. These findings suggest that in grouper GH mRNA expression can be detected in day 1 post-hatching larvae, and the GH present in eggs and larvae may play a key role in early development of grouper, especially during the process of metamorphosis of fish larva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sheng Li
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
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Thayanithy V, Venugopal T, Anathy V, Kirankumar S, Pandian TJ. Growth enhancement and food conversion efficiency of transgenic fishLabeo rohita. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 301:477-90. [PMID: 15181642 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three family lines of fast growing transgenic rohu Labeo rohita (rohu) were generated by electroporated-sperm-mediated transfer of the vectors harboring CMV promoter or grass carp beta-actin promoter fused to endogenous rohu GH (rGH) cDNA. The gene transfer efficiency was 25%. The transgenic rohu (family line 1) with CMV promoter showed a growth enhancement of four times normal size, whereas those (family lines 2 and 3) generated with beta-actin promoter grew 4.5 and 5.8 times faster than their respective control siblings. Southern analysis confirmed the transgene extrachromosomal (Te) persistence until the 60th week in family 1. The individuals of family lines 2 and 3, however, showed integration (Ti), as well as persistence as extrachromosomal copies (Te) until the age of 30 weeks. Mosaicism of the transgene was shown at the levels of its presence and expression. The ectopic expression of rGH mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR. Feeding experiments revealed that the transgenic rohu ate food at a lower rate but grew more efficiently than their control siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Thayanithy
- Department of Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies in Functional Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021 India
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Venugopal T, Mathavan S, Pandian TJ. Molecular cloning of growth hormone encoding cDNA of Indian major carps by a modified rapid amplification of cDNA ends strategy. J Biosci 2002; 27:261-72. [PMID: 12089475 DOI: 10.1007/bf02704915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A modified rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategy has been developed for cloning highly conserved cDNA sequences. Using this modified method, the growth hormone (GH) encoding cDNA sequences of Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala and Catla catla have been cloned, characterized and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. These sequences show 96-98% homology to each other and are about 85% homologous to that of common carp. Besides, an attempt has been made for the first time to describe a 3-D model of the fish GH protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Venugopal
- Center for Advanced Studies in Functional Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
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