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CAPG Is Required for Ebola Virus Infection by Controlling Virus Egress from Infected Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091903. [PMID: 36146710 PMCID: PMC9505868 DOI: 10.3390/v14091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of Ebola virus (EBOV) is dependent upon actin functionality, especially at cell entry through macropinocytosis and at release of virus from cells. Previously, major actin-regulatory factors involved in actin nucleation, such as Rac1 and Arp2/3, were shown important in both steps. However, downstream of nucleation, many other cell factors are needed to control actin dynamics. How these regulate EBOV infection remains largely unclear. Here, we identified the actin-regulating protein, CAPG, as important for EBOV replication. Notably, knockdown of CAPG specifically inhibited viral infectivity and yield of infectious particles. Cell-based mechanistic analysis revealed a requirement of CAPG for virus production from infected cells. Proximity ligation and split-green fluorescent protein reconstitution assays revealed strong association of CAPG with VP40 that was mediated through the S1 domain of CAPG. Overall, CAPG is a novel host factor regulating EBOV infection through connecting actin filament stabilization to viral egress from cells.
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2
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Bahreyni A, Luo H. Advances in Targeting Cancer-Associated Genes by Designed siRNA in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3619. [PMID: 33287240 PMCID: PMC7761674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have provided novel insights into the field of cancer treatment in light of their ability to specifically target and silence cancer-associated genes. In recent years, numerous studies focus on determining genes that actively participate in tumor formation, invasion, and metastasis in order to establish new targets for cancer treatment. In spite of great advances in designing various siRNAs with diverse targets, efficient delivery of siRNAs to cancer cells is still the main challenge in siRNA-mediated cancer treatment. Recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine hold great promise to meet this challenge. This review focuses on recent findings in cancer-associated genes and the application of siRNAs to successfully silence them in prostate cancer, as well as recent progress for effectual delivery of siRNAs to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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3
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Lahbib S, Leblond CS, Hamza M, Regnault B, Lemée L, Mathieu A, Jaouadi H, Mkaouar R, Youssef-Turki IB, Belhadj A, Kraoua I, Bourgeron T, Abdelhak S. Homozygous 2p11.2 deletion supports the implication of ELMOD3 in hearing loss and reveals the potential association of CAPG with ASD/ID etiology. J Appl Genet 2018; 60:49-56. [PMID: 30284680 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by early-onset difficulties in social communication and unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests. Parental consanguinity may lead to higher risk of ASD and to more severe clinical presentations in the offspring. Studies of ASD families with high inbreeding enable the identification of inherited variants of this disorder particularly those with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. In our study, using copy number variants (CNV) analysis, we identified a rare homozygous deletion in 2p11.2 region that affects ELMOD3, CAPG, and SH2D6 genes in a boy with ASD, intellectual disability (ID), and hearing impairment (HI). This deletion may reveal a new contiguous deletion syndrome in which ELMOD3, known to be implicated in autosomal recessive deafness underlies the HI of the proband and CAPG, member of actin regulatory proteins involved in cytoskeletal dynamic, an important function for brain development and activity, underlies the ASD/ID phenotype. A possible contribution of SH2D6 gene, as a part of a chimeric gene, to the clinical presentation of the patient is discussed. Our result supports the implication of ELMOD3 in hearing loss and highlights the potential clinical relevance of 2p11.2 deletion in autism and/or intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Lahbib
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia. .,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3571, Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mariem Hamza
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, 2046, Sidi Daoud, Tunisia
| | - Béatrice Regnault
- Plateforme de Génotypage des Eucaryotes, Centre d'Innovation et Recherche Technologique (CITECH), Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Laure Lemée
- Plateforme de Génotypage des Eucaryotes, Centre d'Innovation et Recherche Technologique (CITECH), Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3571, Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Hager Jaouadi
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Mkaouar
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Ben Youssef-Turki
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Unit UR12 SP24 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Belhadj
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, 2046, Sidi Daoud, Tunisia
| | - Ichraf Kraoua
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Unit UR12 SP24 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3571, Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
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Xu X, Hu H, Wang X, Ye W, Su H, Hu Y, Dong L, Zhang R, Ying K. Involvement of CapG in proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:142-53. [PMID: 27093378 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2016.1160304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Actin-binding protein capping protein gelsolin-like (CapG) was preferentially expressed in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia, and reduced CapG expression was accompanied by impaired migration ability in vitro. We intended to investigate the effects of CapG on rat PASMCs and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effect of RNA interference-medicated down-regulation of CapG expression in rat PASMCs as well as in HPH rat model. The proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of PASMCs were evaluated. The HPH rat model was established by intratracheal instillation of lentiviral vector and subsequent hypoxia exposure for four weeks. Right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and the percentage of medial wall thickness were measured to evaluate the development of HPH. RESULTS Knock-down CapG in PASMCs resulted in decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis and induced cell cycle inhibition. Down-regulation of CapG expression locally could attenuate pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in HPH rat model. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that CapG participated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling in HPH rats, which was probably mediated by promoting the proliferation and inhibiting the apoptosis of PASMCs. We proposed CapG modulating protective effects of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Huihui Hu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Wu Ye
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Hua Su
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Yanjie Hu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Liangliang Dong
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Kejing Ying
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
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Du M, Tillmans L, Gao J, Gao P, Yuan T, Dittmar RL, Song W, Yang Y, Sahr N, Wang T, Wei GH, Thibodeau SN, Wang L. Chromatin interactions and candidate genes at ten prostate cancer risk loci. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23202. [PMID: 26979803 PMCID: PMC4793270 DOI: 10.1038/srep23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 100 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with prostate cancer risk. However, the vast majority of these SNPs lie in noncoding regions of the genome. To test whether these risk SNPs regulate their target genes through long-range chromatin interactions, we applied capture-based 3C sequencing technology to investigate possible cis-interactions at ten prostate cancer risk loci in six cell lines. We identified significant physical interactions between risk regions and their potential target genes including CAPG at 2p11.2, C2orf43 at 2p24.1, RFX6 at 6q22.1, NFASC at 1q32.1, MYC at 8q24.1 and AGAP7P at 10q11.23. Most of the interaction peaks were co-localized to regions of active histone modification and transcription factor binding sites. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis showed suggestive eQTL signals at rs1446669, rs699664 and rs1078004 for CAPG (p < 0.004), rs13394027 for C2orf43 (p = 2.25E-27), rs10993994 and rs4631830 for AGAP7P (p < 8.02E-5). Further analysis revealed an enhancer activity at genomic region surrounding rs4631830 which was expected to disrupt HOXB-like DNA binding affinity. This study identifies a set of candidate genes and their potential regulatory variants, and provides additional evidence showing the role of long-range chromatin interactions in prostate cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Du
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA
| | - Lori Tillmans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Jianzhong Gao
- Beijing 3H Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiezheng Yuan
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA
| | - Rachel L Dittmar
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Yuehong Yang
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Natasha Sahr
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health &Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health &Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA
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Valour D, Degrelle SA, Ponter AA, Giraud-Delville C, Campion E, Guyader-Joly C, Richard C, Constant F, Humblot P, Ponsart C, Hue I, Grimard B. Energy and lipid metabolism gene expression of D18 embryos in dairy cows is related to dam physiological status. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:39-56. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the change in gene expression related to dam physiological status in day (D)18 embryos from growing heifers (GH), early lactating cows (ELC), and late lactating cows (LLC). Dam energy metabolism was characterized by measurement of circulating concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-1, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea before embryo flush. The metabolic parameters were related to differential gene expression in the extraembryonic tissues by correlation analysis. Embryo development estimated by measuring the length of the conceptuses and the proportion of expected D18 gastrulating stages was not different between the three groups of females. However, embryo metabolism was greatly affected by dam physiological status when we compared GH with ELC and GH with LLC but to a lesser extent when ELC was compared with LLC. Genes involved in glucose, pyruvate, and acetate utilization were upregulated in GH vs. ELC conceptuses (e.g., SLC2A1, PC, ACSS2, ACSS3). This was also true for the pentose pathway ( PGD, TKT), which is involved in synthesis of ribose precursors of RNA and DNA. The pathways involved in lipid synthesis were also upregulated in GH vs. ELC. Despite similar morphological development, the molecular characteristics of the heifers' embryos were consistently different from those of the cows. Most of these differences were strongly related to metabolic/hormone patterns before insemination and during conceptus free-life. Many biosynthetic pathways appeared to be more active in heifer embryos than in cow embryos, and consequently they seemed to be healthier, and this may be more conducive to continue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Valour
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Est, ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S. A. Degrelle
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Est, ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - A. A. Ponter
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Est, ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C. Giraud-Delville
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Est, ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - E. Campion
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Est, ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C. Guyader-Joly
- UNCEIA, Service Recherche et Développement, Maisons-Alfort, France; and
| | - C. Richard
- INRA, UE 1298, Unité Commune d'Expérimentation Animale de Bressonvilliers, Leudeville, France
| | - F. Constant
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Est, ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P. Humblot
- UNCEIA, Service Recherche et Développement, Maisons-Alfort, France; and
| | - C. Ponsart
- UNCEIA, Service Recherche et Développement, Maisons-Alfort, France; and
| | - I. Hue
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Est, ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - B. Grimard
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Est, ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Ghoshdastider U, Popp D, Burtnick LD, Robinson RC. The expanding superfamily of gelsolin homology domain proteins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 70:775-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Ghoshdastider
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Biopolis 138673 Singapore
| | - David Popp
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Biopolis 138673 Singapore
| | - Leslie D. Burtnick
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Blood Research; Life Sciences Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Robert C. Robinson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Biopolis 138673 Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637551 Singapore
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8
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Nag S, Larsson M, Robinson RC, Burtnick LD. Gelsolin: The tail of a molecular gymnast. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 70:360-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mårten Larsson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR; Singapore
| | | | - Leslie D. Burtnick
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Blood Research; Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
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9
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Mazumdar B, Meyer K, Ray R. N-terminal region of gelsolin induces apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells by a caspase-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44461. [PMID: 22952982 PMCID: PMC3430645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major source for alteration of extracellular matrix in fibrosis and cirrhosis. Conditioned medium (CM) collected from immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) have earlier been shown to be responsible for apoptosis of HSCs. In this study, we have shown that antibodies raised against a peptide derived from a linear B-cell epitope in the N-terminal region of gelsolin identified a gelsolin fragment in IHH CM. Analysis of activated stellate cell death by CM collected from Huh7 cells transfected with plasmids encoding gelsolin deletion mutants suggested that the N-terminal half of gelsolin contained sequences which were responsible for stellate cell death. Further analysis determined that this activity was restricted to a region encompassing amino acids 1–70 in the gelsolin sequence; antibody directed to an epitope within this region was able to neutralize stellate cell death. Gelsolin modulation of cell death using this fragment involved upregulation of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, and involved caspase 3 activation by extrinsic pathway. The apoptotic activity of N-terminal gelsolin fragments was restricted to activated but not quiescent stellate cells indicating its potential application in therapeutic use as an anti-fibrotic agent. Gelsolin fragments encompassing N-terminal regions in polypeptides of different molecular sizes were detected by N-terminal peptide specific antiserum in IHH CM immunoprecipitated with chronically HCV infected patient sera, suggesting the presence of autoantibodies generated against N-terminal gelsolin fragments in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhaditya Mazumdar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Whitworth KM, Zhao J, Spate LD, Li R, Prather RS. Scriptaid Corrects Gene Expression of a Few Aberrantly Reprogrammed Transcripts in Nuclear Transfer Pig Blastocyst Stage Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:191-204. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2010.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Whitworth
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, E125 Animal Science Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jiangou Zhao
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, E125 Animal Science Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lee D. Spate
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, E125 Animal Science Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, E125 Animal Science Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Randall S. Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, E125 Animal Science Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
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11
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Paine MS, Perryman PB, Yang L, Yin HL, Krueger JK. Global structure changes associated with Ca2+ activation of full-length human plasma gelsolin. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:25884-92. [PMID: 17604278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702446200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin regulates the dynamic assembly and disassembly of the actin-based cytoskeleton in non-muscle cells and clears the circulation of filaments released following cell death. Gelsolin is a six-domain (G1-G6) protein activated by calcium via a multi-step process that involves unfolding from a compact form to a more open form in which the three actin-binding sites (on the G1, G2, and G4 subdomains) become exposed. To follow the global structural changes that accompany calcium activation of gelsolin, small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) data were collected for full-length human plasma gelsolin at nanomolar to millimolar concentrations of free Ca2+. Analysis of these data showed that, upon increasing free Ca2+ levels, the radius of gyration (Rg) increased nearly 12 A, from 31.1+/-0.3 to 43+/-2 A, and the maximum linear dimension (Dmax) of the gelsolin molecule increased 55 A, from 100 to 155A. Structural reconstruction of gelsolin from these data provided a striking visual tracking of the gradual Ca2+-induced opening of the gelsolin molecule and highlighted the critical role played by the flexible linkers between homologous domains. The tightly packed architecture of calcium-free gelsolin, seen from both SAXS and x-ray crystallographic models, is already partially opened up in as low as 0.5 nM Ca2+. Our data confirm that, although the molecule springs open from 0 to 1 microM free Ca2+, even higher calcium concentrations help to stabilize a more open structure, with increases in Rg and Dmax of approximately 2 and approximately 15 A, respectively. At these higher calcium levels, the SAXS-based models provide a molecular shape that is compatible with that of the crystal structures solved for Ca2+/gelsolin C-terminal and N-terminal halves+/-monomeric G-actin. Placement of these crystal structures within the boundaries of the SAXS-based model suggests a movement of the G1/G2 subunits that would be required upon binding to actin.
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12
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Archer SK, Claudianos C, Campbell HD. Evolution of the gelsolin family of actin-binding proteins as novel transcriptional coactivators. Bioessays 2005; 27:388-96. [PMID: 15770676 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The gelsolin gene family encodes a number of higher eukaryotic actin-binding proteins that are thought to function in the cytoplasm by severing, capping, nucleating or bundling actin filaments. Recent evidence, however, suggests that several members of the gelsolin family may have adopted unexpected nuclear functions including a role in regulating transcription. In particular, flightless I, supervillin and gelsolin itself have roles as coactivators for nuclear receptors, despite the fact that their divergence appears to predate the evolutionary appearance of nuclear receptors. Flightless I has been shown to bind both actin and the actin-related BAF53a protein, which are subunits of SWI/SNF-like chromatin remodelling complexes. The primary sequences of some actin-related proteins such as BAF53a exhibit conservation of residues that, in actin itself, are known to interact with gelsolin-related proteins. In summary, there is a growing body of evidence supporting a biological role in the nucleus for actin, Arps and actin-binding proteins and, in particular, the gelsolin family of actin-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart K Archer
- Molecular Genetics and Evolution Group and Centre for the Molecular Genetics of Development, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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13
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Athman R, Louvard D, Robine S. The epithelial cell cytoskeleton and intracellular trafficking. III. How is villin involved in the actin cytoskeleton dynamics in intestinal cells? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 283:G496-502. [PMID: 12181160 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00207.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Villin plays a key role in the maintenance of the brush border organization by bundling F-actin into a network of parallel filaments. Our previous in vivo data on villin knockout mice showed that, although this protein is not necessary for the bundling of F-actin, it is important for the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton elicited by stress conditions. We further investigated villin property to initiate actin remodeling in cellular processes such as hepatocyte growth factor-induced motility, morphogenesis, and bacterial infection. Our data suggest that villin is involved in actin remodeling necessary for many cellular processes requiring the actin cytoskeleton plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafika Athman
- Laboratoire de morphogénèse et signalisation cellulaires, Institut Curie UMR 144, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
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14
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Campbell HD, Fountain S, Young IG, Claudianos C, Hoheisel JD, Chen KS, Lupski JR. Genomic structure, evolution, and expression of human FLII, a gelsolin and leucine-rich-repeat family member: overlap with LLGL. Genomics 1997; 42:46-54. [PMID: 9177775 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster flightless-I gene is involved in cellularization processes in early embryogenesis and in the structural organization of indirect flight muscle. The encoded protein contains a gelsolin-like actin binding domain and an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat protein-protein interaction domain. The homologous human FLII gene encodes a 1269-residue protein with 58% amino acid sequence identity and is deleted in Smith-Magenis syndrome. We have cloned the FLII gene and determined its nucleotide sequence (14.1 kb). FLII has 29 introns, compared with 13 in Caenorhabditis elegans and 3 in D. melanogaster. The positions of several introns are conserved in FLII-related genes and in the domains and subdomains of the gelsolin-like regions giving indications of gelsolin gene family evolution. In keeping with its function in indirect flight muscle in Drosophila, the human FLII gene was most highly expressed in muscle. The FLII gene lies adjacent to LLGL, the human homologue of the D. melanogaster tumor suppressor gene lethal(2) giant larvae. The 3' end of the FLII transcript overlaps the 3' end of the LLGL transcript, and the corresponding mouse genes Fliih and Llglh also overlap. The overlap region contains poly(A) signals for both genes and is strongly conserved between human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Campbell
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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15
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Weeds AG, Gooch J, McLaughlin P, Pope B, Bengtsdotter M, Karlsson R. Identification of the trapped calcium in the gelsolin segment 1-actin complex: implications for the role of calcium in the control of gelsolin activity. FEBS Lett 1995; 360:227-30. [PMID: 7883037 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00109-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The X-ray structure of the complex of actin with gelsolin segment 1 revealed the presence of two calcium ions, one bound at an intramolecular site within segment 1 and the other bridging the segment directly to actin. Although earlier calcium binding studies at pH 8.0 revealed only a single calcium trapped in the complex (and also in the binary gelsolin-actin complex), it is here shown that two calcium ions are bound under the conditions of crystallization at physiological pH. Mutation of acidic residues in either actin or segment 1 involved in ligation of the intermolecular calcium ion resulted in loss of one of the bound calcium ions at pH < 7, but not at pH 8. Thus the calcium ion trapped in the segment 1-actin complex is that located at the intramolecular site. The implications of this for gelsolin function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Weeds
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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