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Affolter VK, Yager JA, von Tscharner C, Mauldin E. Pattern analysis for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin lesions in domestic animals: An overview. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:723-731. [PMID: 37515547 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231189456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Pattern analysis of inflammatory skin diseases is a technique that offers a systematic approach to the histologic diagnosis of skin diseases. First introduced to human dermatopathology in the 1970s, it was widely adopted by veterinary pathologists for the histologic diagnosis of skin diseases in animals. As the inflammatory pattern reflects, to varying extents, aspects of the underlying disease pathogenesis, its use has contributed to the recognition of novel skin diseases in domestic animals, particularly in dogs and cats. Alternative diagnostic approaches used in human dermatopathology, such as "tissue-reaction pattern" and a purely "anatomic approach" have not been as widely used in veterinary pathology. However, veterinary pathologists often combine pattern analysis with anatomic and etiologic factors. This overview outlines the technique, introduces the patterns, and discusses advantages and limitations of pattern analysis in veterinary diagnostic dermatopathology. While molecular analytic techniques and image informatics will undoubtedly prove to be revolutionary in many areas of diagnostic pathology, it is recognized in both human and veterinary arenas that the light microscopic interpretation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections will remain the mainstay of routine dermatopathology diagnosis for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie A Yager
- Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bizikova P, Olivry T, Linder K, Rybnicek J. Spontaneous autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases in animals: a comprehensive review. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:55. [PMID: 36849885 PMCID: PMC9969658 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases (AISBDs) are rare skin disorders of animals that were first identified in dogs but several AISBDs are now recognised in other companion animal species. Most AISBDs in animals are homologues of the human diseases and are thought to share similar pathomechanisms of epidermal and/or mucosal blister formation caused by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins of the basement membrane zone (BMZ). Disruption of their structural function by the autoantibodies and/or recruited inflammation leads to BMZ fragility, which presents clinically as vesicles, bullae and, later, deep erosions and ulcers. Canine AISBDs are the best characterised, particularly the more common variants such as mucous membrane pemphigoid (48%), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) (26%), and bullous pemphigoid (10%). Exceedingly rare AISBDs in the dog are junctional EBA, mixed AISBD, type-1 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus, linear IgA dermatosis, and pemphigus gestationis. The diagnosis of a specific AISBD is made by combining the clinical features (breed, age, lesion distribution) with histological evidence of subepithelial clefting, but not all AISBDs can be differentiated in this manner and specialised immunological testing is required. This latter, unfortunately, is not readily available and, therefore, the specific AISBD diagnosis often remains unconfirmed. While this limits further understanding of these diseases, it does not prevent clinicians from treating their patients, as the treatment approaches are similar for the different AISBDs in dogs. This review primarily focuses on canine AISBDs, the species for which these diseases have been best characterised, and shorter descriptions of variants in other species are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Thierry Olivry
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Keith Linder
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jan Rybnicek
- Veterinary Dermatology and Dermatopathology Service, Padochov 175, 66491 Ivancice, Czech Republic
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Successful Treatment of Mucocutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in a Dog with Prednisolone, Mycophenolate Mofetil and Tacrolimus. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8050072. [PMID: 33922817 PMCID: PMC8146856 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old, intact male miniature Pinscher dog had erosive lesions on perilabial, peripenial and perianal mucocutaneous areas, which were exacerbated by ulcerations, crusts, with pain while defecating and urinating. The lesions were symmetrical, and no systemic signs were observed. Histopathological evaluation showed parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, ulceration and cell-rich lymphoplasmacytic interface dermatitis with basal keratinocyte apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong reaction in the dermoepidermal junction against goat-canine IgG and mild-to-moderate reaction against goat-canine IgA, IgM and C3. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus (MCLE). Oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg twice daily, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 18.3 mg/kg twice daily and 0.1% tacrolimus ointment were prescribed as initial treatment. The lesions showed remarkable improvement within 4 weeks, but the dog exhibited polyuria, polydipsia and hepatomegaly with high dosage of prednisolone. Hence, the dosage of prednisolone was gradually tapered for 9 weeks and discontinued, but MMF and tacrolimus were continued. No new lesion or associated side effect was observed while reducing the MMF dose to 10 mg/kg twice daily and with continuous use of tacrolimus ointment after steroid discontinuation. In conclusion, this case report emphasizes the usefulness of MMF and tacrolimus as steroid-sparing agents in the treatment of dogs with MCLE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of MCLE that was successfully managed long-term with MMF and tacrolimus.
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Tham HL, Olivry T, Linder KE, Bizikova P. Mucous membrane pemphigoid in dogs: a retrospective study of 16 new cases. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:376-e94. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng L. Tham
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
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Olivry T, Rossi MA, Banovic F, Linder KE. Mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus in dogs (21 cases). Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:256-e55. [PMID: 26096899 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of dogs with chronic juxtamucosal erosive lesions and histopathology typical of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES We report herein 21 dogs with mucocutaneous erosive lesions and lupus-specific histopathology that we propose to be affected with mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus (MCLE), another variant of chronic CLE. METHODS Inclusion criteria were the presence of the following: (i) a >2 month history of chronic or recurrent skin lesions; (ii) erosions or ulcers predominating at mucosae or mucocutaneous junctions; (iii) microscopic lesions of CLE (i.e. a lymphocyte-rich interface dermatitis with basal keratinocyte damage); and (iv) a lack of complete remission following antimicrobials. Clinical questionnaires and skin biopsies were reviewed. Direct immunofluorescence and antinuclear antibody serology were performed whenever possible. RESULTS More than half of the 21 dogs were German shepherds or their crosses. The disease affected mostly dogs in their mid-adulthood and there was an over-representation of females. Erosions and ulcers predominated at genital/perigenital and anal/perianal areas, with a lower frequency of involvement of periocular, perioral and perinasal regions. In these dogs, there were no clinical signs suggestive of an associated systemic lupus erythematosus. Microscopic lesions were specific for CLE, but they were patchy and often infected with bacteria. The most common immunological finding was focal IgG deposition at the basement membrane zone. Lesions responded to varying interventions, but oral glucocorticoids led to a shorter time to complete remission. Relapses were common upon treatment tapering. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These observations support MCLE being another variant of canine CLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Michael A Rossi
- VRCC Veterinary Specialty & Emergency Hospital, 3550 South Jason Street, Englewood, CO 80110, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Olivry T. An autoimmune subepidermal blistering skin disease in a dog? The odds are that it is not bullous pemphigoid. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:316-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27606 USA
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Kang MH, Seung JH, Lee JH, Park HM. Subepidermal blistering disease in a 5-month-old Alaskan Malamute dog with concurrent megaesophagus. Vet Q 2013; 33:43-6. [PMID: 23301794 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2012.755577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Kang
- BK21 Basic & Diagnostic Veterinary Specialist Program for Animal Diseases, Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Miteva M, Murrell DF, Tosti A. Hair Loss in Autoimmune Cutaneous Bullous Disorders. Dermatol Clin 2011; 29:503-9, xi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nishifuji K. Heterogeneity of circulating autoantibody profiles in canine autoimmune subepidermal blistering dermatoses. Vet Dermatol 2011; 22:118. [PMID: 21231981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishifuji
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Olivry T, Bizikova P, Dunston SM, Bond R, Halliwell R, Loeffler A, Pucheu-Haston CM, Chen M, Marinkovich MP. Clinical and immunological heterogeneity of canine subepidermal blistering dermatoses with anti-laminin-332 (laminin-5) auto-antibodies. Vet Dermatol 2010; 21:345-57. [PMID: 20456722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Laminin-332 (laminin-5) is a basement membrane heterotrimeric protein composed of alpha-3, beta-3 and gamma-2 laminin chains. Laminin-332 polypeptides are targeted by auto-antibodies in human patients with mucous membrane (cicatricial) pemphigoid or, more rarely, subepidermal vesicular diseases that resemble epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) or bullous pemphigoid (BP). The objectives of this report were to characterize the clinical, histopathological and immunological characteristics of nine dogs with auto-antibodies targeting laminin-332. Immunological investigations consisted of direct immunofluorescence (IF), indirect IF with intact and salt-split canine gingival, and salt-split normal or laminin-332-deficient human skin, immunoblotting with purified human laminin-332 and immunoblotting with recombinant NC1 domain of human collagen VII. All dogs exhibited varying degrees of skin blistering and ulceration associated with microscopic subepidermal vesiculation with or without inflammatory cells. Indirect IF established that circulating IgG auto-antibodies bound the dermal side of salt-split canine lip and human skin. In five dogs, IgG variably recognized the basement membrane of laminin-332-deficient human skin (three dogs negative, two dogs positive). In all nine dogs, IgG auto-antibodies detected purified human laminin-332 by immunoblotting. In two dogs, additional targeting of collagen VII-NC1 was present. These observations establish laminin-332 as a novel basement membrane antigen in dogs with autoimmune blistering diseases with variable clinical phenotypes. The names 'acquired junctional epidermolysis bullosa', 'anti-laminin-332 mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP)' and 'mixed auto-immune subepidermal blistering dermatosis' are proposed for dogs with clinical signs reminiscent of EBA, MMP or BP respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Olivry T, Dunston SM. Usefulness of collagen IV immunostaining for diagnosis of canine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Vet Pathol 2010; 47:565-8. [PMID: 20375426 DOI: 10.1177/0300985809359609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In dogs, autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases (AISBDs) encompass several distinct entities that exhibit varying clinical signs, microscopic characteristics, prognosis, and response to treatment. The identification of targeted autoantigens is usually required to make the diagnosis, but immunological tests to determine these antigens are not commercially available. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an AISBD characterized by the production of autoantibodies against collagen VII in sublamina densa anchoring fibrils. This article reports on the usefulness of collagen IV immunostaining on paraffin-embedded skin biopsies as an aid to diagnose EBA in dogs. In this disease, collagen IV, which forms the fibrous 2-dimensional network of lamina densa, is detected more commonly above subepidermal vesicles than below. In other canine AISBDs, this is rarely the case. Collagen IV immunostaining therefore offers an inexpensive means to help making a suggestive diagnosis of EBA in the absence of serological determination of the targeted autoantigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Olivry
- Department of Clinical Science, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Building, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Nishifuji K, Tamura K, Konno H, Olivry T, Amagai M, Iwasaki T. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of circulating IgG autoantibodies against canine desmoglein 3 in dogs with pemphigus. Vet Dermatol 2009; 20:331-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fridkis-Hareli M. Immunogenetic mechanisms for the coexistence of organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases. JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 2008; 5:1. [PMID: 18275618 PMCID: PMC2265707 DOI: 10.1186/1740-2557-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Organ-specific autoimmune diseases affect particular targets in the body, whereas systemic diseases engage multiple organs. Both types of autoimmune diseases may coexist in the same patient, either sequentially or concurrently, sustained by the presence of autoantibodies directed against the corresponding autoantigens. Multiple factors, including those of immunological, genetic, endocrine and environmental origin, contribute to the above condition. Due to association of certain autoimmune disorders with HLA alleles, it has been intriguing to examine the immunogenetic basis for autoantigen presentation leading to the production of two or more autoantibodies, each distinctive of an organ-specific or systemic disease. This communication offers the explanation for shared autoimmunity as illustrated by organ-specific blistering diseases and the connective tissue disorders of systemic nature. Presentation of the hypothesis Several hypothetical mechanisms implicating HLA determinants, autoantigenic peptides, T cells, and B cells have been proposed to elucidate the process by which two autoimmune diseases are induced in the same individual. One of these scenarios, based on the assumption that the patient carries two disease-susceptible HLA genes, arises when a single T cell epitope of each autoantigen recognizes its HLA protein, leading to the generation of two types of autoreactive B cells, which produce autoantibodies. Another mechanism functioning whilst an epitope derived from either autoantigen binds each of the HLA determinants, resulting in the induction of both diseases by cross-presentation. Finally, two discrete epitopes originating from the same autoantigen may interact with each of the HLA specificities, eliciting the production of both types of autoantibodies. Testing the hypothesis Despite the lack of immediate or unequivocal experimental evidence supporting the present hypothesis, several approaches may secure a better understanding of shared autoimmunity. Among these are animal models expressing the transgenes of human disease-associated HLA determinants and T or B cell receptors, as well as in vitro binding studies employing purified HLA proteins, synthetic peptides, and cellular assays with antigen-presenting cells and patient's lymphocytes. Indisputably, a bioinformatics-based search for peptide motifs and the modeling of the conformation of bound autoantigenic peptides associated with their respective HLA alleles will reveal some of these important processes. Implications of the hypothesis The elucidation of HLA-restricted immune recognition mechanisms prompting the production of two or more disease-specific autoantibodies holds significant clinical ramifications and implications for the development of more effective treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Fridkis-Hareli
- Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Favrot C, Dunston SM, Paradis M, Olivry T. Isotype determination of circulating autoantibodies in canine autoimmune subepidermal blistering dermatoses. Vet Dermatol 2003; 14:23-30. [PMID: 12603682 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3164.2003.00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The three most common canine autoimmune blistering skin diseases (AISBD), bullous pemphigoid (BP), mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) have recently been separated based on clinical, histological and immunological grounds. The objectives of this study were to determine the isotype profiles of circulating autoantibodies in these dermatoses. Serum was collected from 5 dogs with BP, 15 with MMP and 11 with EBA. All sera were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence method using salt-split canine gingiva as substrate. Anti-basement membrane IgG autoantibodies were detected in all patients. Among the IgG autoantibodies, IgG1 and IgG4 were encountered most frequently, while IgG2 and IgG3 were uncovered in some dogs. IgE autoantibodies were detected more often than IgA or IgM autoantibodies in any of the three entities. The predominance of IgG1, IgG4 and IgE autoantibody isotypes in dogs with AISBD is very similar to the situation found in humans with the homologous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Favrot
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Stanley M Dunston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Manon Paradis
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Olivry T, Dunston SM, Zhang G, Ghohestani RF. Laminin-5 is targeted by autoantibodies in feline mucous membrane (cicatricial) pemphigoid. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2002; 88:123-9. [PMID: 12127411 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In human and canine patients with mucous membrane (cicatricial) pemphigoid (MMP), circulating autoantibodies have been shown to target multiple epidermal basement membrane antigenic epitopes. These autoantigens include collagen XVII in humans and dogs, as well as laminin-5, laminin-6 or integrin alpha-6/beta-4 in human beings. The purpose of this study was to determine if autoantibodies targeted laminin-5 in a cat exhibiting clinical and microscopic lesions resembling those of MMP in humans. In this patient, an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay revealed circulating IgG and IgA autoantibodies that bound to the basement membrane zone on the dermal side of salt-split gingiva (titer 1:1000 for IgG and 1:50 for IgA). Immunoblotting, performed with affinity-purified human laminin-5, demonstrated that the autoantibodies bound the alpha-3 chain of this heterotrimer. These observations identify laminin-5 as one of the antigens recognized by circulating autoantibodies in this feline homologue of MMP in humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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White SD, Carlotti DN, Pin D, Bonenberger T, Ihrke PJ, Monet E, Nishifuji K, Iwasaki T, Papich MG. Putative drug-related pemphigus foliaceus in four dogs. Vet Dermatol 2002; 13:195-202. [PMID: 12174181 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3164.2002.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Four dogs developed cutaneous lesions following the administration of various antibiotics. Histopathology of the lesions was compatible with pemphigus foliaceus, although apoptotic cells suggestive of erythema multiforme were seen in two cases. In two dogs the lesions resolved after 7.5-8.5 months of immune-suppressive treatment. No recurrence was seen during the follow-up period (3 and 4.5 years). The lesions in the other two dogs resolved within 3 weeks to 3 months following discontinuation of the antibiotic. No recurrence of clinical signs occurred during the follow-up period (1 and 4 years, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Olivry T, Jackson HA. Diagnosing new autoimmune blistering skin diseases of dogs and cats. CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE 2001; 16:225-9. [PMID: 11793876 DOI: 10.1053/svms.2001.26999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune blistering skin diseases have been recognized for decades in humans and dogs. In the dog, most of these diseases unfortunately were grouped under the generic denomination of bullous pemphigoid without any confirmation that the autoantibodies targeted bullous pemphigoid antigens. In recent years, advanced diagnostic methods have permitted the recognition of new autoimmune blistering skin diseases in humans and companion-animal species. At this time, the diagnosis of these entities is made by combining clinical signs and results of histopathology. Immunologic methods serve to establish the presence of skin-fixed and circulating autoantibodies that target various epidermal or basement membrane antigens. In this article, salient features of the most common canine and feline subepidermal blistering dermatoses (mucous membrane pemphigold, bullous pemphigold, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita) and new variants of cutaneous lupus (type I bullous systemic lupus erythematosus and vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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