1
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Synthesis of 2-Methylpyrazine Using Crude Glycerol over Zn-Cr-O Catalyst: A Value Addition Process for the Utilization of Biodiesel By-Product. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed oxides of ZnO and Cr2O3 with varied mole ratios were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the dehydrocyclization of crude glycerol for the production of 2-methylpyrazine (2-MP). The Zn-Cr-O composition was optimized using the bulk and surface properties of the catalysts rationalized by BET-SA, XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, O2 pulse chemisorption, and Raman spectroscopic techniques to achieve a high rate of 2-MP.
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2
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Cai X, Zhang Z, Cai L, Tian X, Chu W, Yang W. Effect of Calcination Atmosphere on the Structure and Catalytic Behavior of Cr 2O 3/Al 2O 3 Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Propane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cai
- Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang157011, China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang157011, China
| | - Lili Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning116023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tian
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Wenling Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning116023, China
| | - Weishen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning116023, China
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3
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Abstract
Both metallocene and Phillips chromium catalysts are used in the commercial manufacture of polyethylene. Unlike most other commercial metallocene systems, the Chevron Phillips Chemical (CPC) platform does not use methylaluminoxane or fluoroorganic boranes. Instead, the support itself serves to activate (ionize) the metallocenes, which then polymerize ethylene at high activity. Most of these solid acid supports can also be used to anchor Cr to make a Phillips catalyst. This provides an interesting opportunity to compare the polymerization responses by these two disparate systems, Phillips Cr and CPC metallocene, when supported on the same solid acid carriers. In this study, both chromium oxide and several metallocenes were deposited onto a variety of solid oxides, under a variety of conditions, and the resulting support effects were observed and compared. Although using seemingly different chemistries, the two catalyst systems exhibited a surprising number of similarities, which can be attributed to the acidity and porosity of these diverse supports.
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4
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Mesoporous Organo-Silica Supported Chromium Oxide Catalyst for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene with CO2. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium oxide supported on mesoporous organo-silica (MOS) was synthesized with different Cr loading by an incipient method. The catalytic performance of a Cr(x)/MOS catalyst for CO2-based ethane dehydrogenation was investigated. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, SEM, XPS, FTIR, and UV–Vis DR measurements. The textural properties of the prepared samples showed that the mesoporous nature of MOS sample was not disturbed by chromium impregnation. Among the prepared samples, Cr(8)/MOS catalyst exhibited good distribution of chromium species along with superior concentration of Cr6+ and the highest recorded Cr6+/Cr3+ ratio. The results revealed that the superior catalytic performance was reached at Cr(8)/MOS, with 50.4% and 90.1% of ethane conversion and ethylene selectivity, respectively. The catalytic activity decreased slowly over reaction time; it declined approximately 22% after 10 h of stream operation. The roles of CO2-based ethane dehydrogenation were also studied, where carbon dioxide can be a source of lattice oxygen and as a hydrogen consumer in reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The effect of various catalytic factors, such as catalytic temperature, reaction time, space gas velocity, and CO2 partial pressure on the conversion of ethane, yield, and selectivity to ethylene, were investigated as well.
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5
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Jongkind MK, Rivera‐Torrente M, Nikolopoulos N, Weckhuysen BM. Influence of Pore Structure and Metal-Node Geometry on the Polymerization of Ethylene over Cr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2021; 27:5769-5781. [PMID: 33512729 PMCID: PMC8049024 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received increasing interest as solid single-site catalysts, owing to their tunable pore architecture and metal node geometry. The ability to exploit these modulators makes them prominent candidates for producing polyethylene (PE) materials with narrow dispersity index (Ð) values. Here a study is presented in which the ethylene polymerization properties, with Et2 AlCl as activator, of three renowned Cr-based MOFs, MIL-101(Cr)-NDC (NDC=2,6-dicarboxynapthalene), MIL-53(Cr) and HKUST-1(Cr), are systematically investigated. Ethylene polymerization reactions revealed varying catalytic activities, with MIL-101(Cr)-NDC and MIL-53(Cr) being significantly more active than HKUST-1(Cr). Analysis of the PE products revealed large Ð values, demonstrating that polymerization occurs over a multitude of active Cr centers rather than a singular type of Cr site. Spectroscopic experiments, in the form of powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), UV/Vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and CO probe molecule Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy corroborated these findings, indicating that indeed for each MOF unique active sites are generated, however without alteration of the original oxidation state. Furthermore, the pXRD experiments indicated that one major prerequisite for catalytic activity was the degree of MOF activation by the Et2 AlCl co-catalyst, with the more active materials portraying a larger degree of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten K. Jongkind
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Miguel Rivera‐Torrente
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Nikolopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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6
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Cr[CH(SiMe3)2]3/SiO2 catalysts for ethene polymerization: The correlation at a molecular level between the chromium loading and the microstructure of the produced polymer. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Salaeva A, Salaev M, Mamontov G. Effect of Cu modifier on the performance of CrOx/Al2O3 catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene by CO2 over Highly Dispersed Cr on Large-Pore Mesoporous Silica Catalysts. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of large-pore mesoporous silica (LPMS)-supported CrOx catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal and impregnation methods and tested for ethane dehydrogenation in the presence of CO2 as an oxidant. To assess the effect of hydrothermal temperature treatment on the characteristics of LPMS support, different hydrothermal temperatures (100–160 °C) were studied and optimized. The optimum support was then loaded with different amounts of chromium (0, 2, 4, 8, and 11 wt % Cr). The obtained catalysts were characterized by different techniques such as XRD, BET, TEM, SEM, XPS, FTIR, and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated that the sample hydrothermally treated at 130 °C exhibited the highest pore volume, a narrow pore size distribution, and a moderate BET surface area. Chromium species with various oxidation states including Cr3+, Cr6+, and α-Cr2O3 were detected in all synthesized Cr(y)/LPMS-130 catalysts. A lower Cr content resulted in the formation of Cr6+, whereas a higher Cr content dominated the α-Cr2O3 on the surface of the catalyst. Among the synthesized catalysts, the Cr(4)/LPMS-130 catalyst showed the highest Cr6+/Cr3+ ratio, indicating a good dispersion of chromium species along with a fine particle size. The ethane conversion and ethylene selectivity were 50.5 and 91.1% for Cr(4)/LPMS-130, respectively. Carbon dioxide was believed to supply enough lattice oxygen to maintain the Cr species at a higher oxidation state and to consume the hydrogen resulting from ethane cracking by a reverse water gas shift reaction.
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9
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Synergetic Impact of Secondary Metal Oxides of Cr-M/MCM41 Catalyst Nanoparticles for Ethane Oxidative Dehydrogenation Using Carbon Dioxide. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes by a mild oxidant such as carbon dioxide is an active area of research. A series of MCM41-supported bimetallic oxide catalysts containing chromium oxide in addition to metal oxides (Ce, Co, Zn, V, Nb, and Mo) has been prepared. The binary catalysts have Cr metal oxide incorporated into MCM41 structure while the other oxides are either incorporated with Cr or impregnated on the MCM41 surface. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 sorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and Diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DRS). The catalytic activity of Cr(4)-M(4)/MCM-41 catalysts in the dehydrogenation of ethane with CO2 was investigated. The textural properties of the synthesized samples showed that the addition of the bimetallic oxides did not disturb the mesoporous structure of MCM41 and the prepared catalysts exhibited a high BET surface area; however, the lowest surface area was recorded for Cr(4)-Mo(4)/MCM41 catalyst at 701 m2/g. Among the prepared catalysts, H2-TPR profile of Cr(4)-Ce(4)/MCM41 revealed the increase in the concentration of Cr6+ species which interacted with the framework of siliceous support. On the other hand, H2-TPR profiles of Cr(4)-Co(4)/MCM41 showed wide reduction peaks centered at 400 °C which is ascribed to reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+ species and Co3O4 to metallic Co. At the same time, Cr(4)-Mo(4)/MCM41 and Cr(4)-V(4)/MCM41 exhibited higher temperature reduction peaks, indicating these two catalysts require higher activation temperatures. The synergy between the Cr with Zn or Nb metals reduced the concentration of Cr6+ species which is reflected in their catalytic performance. Cr(4)-Ce(4)/MCM41 recorded the highest catalytic activity toward ethylene production where the ethane conversion and ethylene yield were 37.9% and 35.1%, respectively.
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10
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Trabelsi S, Issaoui N, Brandán SA, Bardak F, Roisnel T, Atac A, Marouani H. Synthesis and physic-chemical properties of a novel chromate compound with potential biological applications, bis(2-phenylethylammonium) chromate(VI). J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Rivera-Torrente M, Pletcher PD, Jongkind MK, Nikolopoulos N, Weckhuysen BM. Ethylene Polymerization over Metal–Organic Framework Crystallites and the Influence of Linkers on Their Fracturing Process. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rivera-Torrente
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D. Pletcher
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten K. Jongkind
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Nikolopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Rod-shaped porous alumina-supported Cr2O3 catalyst with low acidity for propane dehydrogenation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Zhao Y, Lu J, Chen D, Zhang L, He S, Han C, He D, Luo Y. Probing the nature of active chromium species and promotional effects of potassium in Cr/MCM-41 catalysts for methyl mercaptan abatement. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of K enables a large number of CrO42− active species to be anchored and dispersed on the surface of Cr-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Jichang Lu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Dingkai Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Sufang He
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Han
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Dedong He
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
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14
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Groppo E, Martino GA, Piovano A, Barzan C. The Active Sites in the Phillips Catalysts: Origins of a Lively Debate and a Vision for the Future. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Antonina Martino
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piovano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Caterina Barzan
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10125 Torino, Italy
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15
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Merk AA, Salaev MA, Vodyankina OV, Mamontov GV. Influence of Method of Introduction of Cu- and Zn-Based Modifiers on the Properties of Chromia–Alumina Catalysts. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158418020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Martino GA, Barzan C, Piovano A, Budnyk A, Groppo E. Tracking the reasons for the peculiarity of Cr/Al2O3 catalyst in ethylene polymerization. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Barzan C, Piovano A, Braglia L, Martino GA, Lamberti C, Bordiga S, Groppo E. Ligands Make the Difference! Molecular Insights into CrVI/SiO2 Phillips Catalyst during Ethylene Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17064-17073. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Barzan
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, Turin I10135, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piovano
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, Turin I10135, Italy
| | - Luca Braglia
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, Turin I10135, Italy
- IRC
“Smart Materials”, Southern Federal University, Zorge
Street 5, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Giorgia A. Martino
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, Turin I10135, Italy
| | - Carlo Lamberti
- IRC
“Smart Materials”, Southern Federal University, Zorge
Street 5, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
- Department
of Chemistry, CrisDi Interdepartmental Center, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin I10125, Italy
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, Turin I10135, Italy
| | - Elena Groppo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, Turin I10135, Italy
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18
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Catalytic Behavior of Chromium Oxide Supported on Nanocasting-Prepared Mesoporous Alumina in Dehydrogenation of Propane. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7090249. [PMID: 28862670 PMCID: PMC5618360 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous alumina with narrow pore size distribution centered in the range of 4.4–5.0 nm and with a specific surface area as high as 270 m2·g−1 was prepared via the nanocasting approach using a CMK-3 carbon replica as a hard template. Based on this support, a series of catalysts containing 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt % of chromium was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, characterized, and studied in the dehydrogenation of propane to propene (PDH). Cr species in three oxidation states—Cr(III), Cr(V) and Cr(VI)—were found on the oxidized surface of the catalysts. The concentration of these species varied with the total Cr loading. Temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS) studies revealed that Cr(VI) species dominated at the lowest Cr content. An increase in the Cr loading resulted in an appearance of an increasing amount of Cr(III) oxide. UV-Vis-DRS measurements performed in situ during the PDH process showed that at the beginning of the catalytic test Cr(VI) species were reduced to Cr(III) redox species. A crucial role of the redox species in the PDH process over the catalysts with the low Cr content was confirmed. The stability test for the catalyst containing 20 wt % of Cr showed that this sample exhibited the reproducible catalytic performance after the first four regeneration–dehydrogenation cycles. Moreover, this catalyst had higher resistance on deactivation during the PDH process as compared to the reference catalyst with the same Cr loading, but was supported on commercially available alumina.
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19
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Botavina M, Barzan C, Piovano A, Braglia L, Agostini G, Martra G, Groppo E. Insights into Cr/SiO2 catalysts during dehydrogenation of propane: an operando XAS investigation. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In situ and operando XAS spectroscopic methods were applied to monitor the variations in the oxidation state and in the local structure of the chromium sites in a 2.0Cr/SiO2-DHS catalyst during propane dehydrogenation under non-oxidative and different oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Botavina
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre
- University of Turin
- 1-10135 Torino
- Italy
| | - C. Barzan
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre
- University of Turin
- 1-10135 Torino
- Italy
| | - A. Piovano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre
- University of Turin
- 1-10135 Torino
- Italy
| | - L. Braglia
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre
- University of Turin
- 1-10135 Torino
- Italy
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
| | - G. Agostini
- IRC “Smart Materials”
- Southern Federal University
- 344090 Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
| | - G. Martra
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre
- University of Turin
- 1-10135 Torino
- Italy
- STM-CNR
| | - E. Groppo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre
- University of Turin
- 1-10135 Torino
- Italy
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20
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Węgrzyniak A, Rokicińska A, Hędrzak E, Michorczyk B, Zeńczak-Tomera K, Kuśtrowski P, Michorczyk P. High-performance Cr–Zr–O and Cr–Zr–K–O catalysts prepared by nanocasting for dehydrogenation of propane to propene. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01744h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the porosity and surface chemistry of Cr–Zr–O and Cr–Zr–K–O catalysts by nanocasting improved the yield of propene and their stability in the dehydrogenation of propane to propene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Węgrzyniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| | - A. Rokicińska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
| | - E. Hędrzak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| | - B. Michorczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| | - K. Zeńczak-Tomera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
| | - P. Kuśtrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
| | - P. Michorczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Kraków
- Poland
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21
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Sarkari R, Krishna V, Sudhakar M, Rao TV, Padmasri AH, Srinivas D, Venugopal A. The effects of thermal treatment of ZnO–ZnCr2O4 catalyst on the particle size and product selectivity in dehydrocyclization of crude glycerol and ethylenediamine. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158416050177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Gierada M, Michorczyk P, Tielens F, Handzlik J. Reduction of chromia–silica catalysts: A molecular picture. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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The effect of ethanol on the performance of CrOx/SiO2 catalysts during propane dehydrogenation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)61042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Cr/SiO2 mesoporous catalysts: Effect of hydrothermal treatment and calcination temperature on the structure and catalytic activity in the gas phase dehydration and dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Cicmil D, van Ravenhorst IK, Meeuwissen J, Vantomme A, Weckhuysen BM. Structure–performance relationships of Cr/Ti/SiO2 catalysts modified with TEAl for oligomerisation of ethylene: tuning the selectivity towards 1-hexene. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene oligomerisation properties of TEAl-modified Cr/Ti/SiO2 ethylene polymerisation Phillips-type catalysts studied with in situ UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Cicmil
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - I. K. van Ravenhorst
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - J. Meeuwissen
- Total Research and Technology Feluy
- B-7181 Seneffe
- Belgium
| | - A. Vantomme
- Total Research and Technology Feluy
- B-7181 Seneffe
- Belgium
| | - B. M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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26
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Bekmukhamedov GE, Egorova SR, Lamberov AA. Effect of the nature of silicon oxide structures on the activity of an alumina-chromium catalyst in the reaction of iso-butane dehydrogenation. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050414010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Trejda M, Bryś M, Ziolek M. Relationship between basicity, reducibility and partial oxidation properties of chromium containing MCM-41. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MCM-41 mesoporous solids were modified with chromium species using Cr(NO3)3 and CrO3 as precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Trejda
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bryś
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Ziolek
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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28
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Bordiga S, Groppo E, Agostini G, van Bokhoven JA, Lamberti C. Reactivity of Surface Species in Heterogeneous Catalysts Probed by In Situ X-ray Absorption Techniques. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1736-850. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Agostini
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, HCI E127 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK) Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Instituteaul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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29
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Nanostructured copper, chromium, and tin oxide multicomponent materials as catalysts for methanol decomposition: 11C-radiolabeling study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 389:244-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Egorova SR, Bekmukhamedov GE, Lamberov AA. Effect of high-temperature treatment on the properties of an alumina-chromium catalyst for the dehydrogenation of lower paraffins. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158413010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Michorczyk P, Ogonowski J. In situ UV-Vis DRS evidence of Cr2+ species oxidation by CO2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7283-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Zandbergen MW, Beale AM, Weckhuysen IBM. On the Microdistributions of Cr-Ion Complexes within mm-Sized γ-Al2O3Catalyst Bodies upon Impregnation as Studied by UV/Vis and Raman Microspectroscopy. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Activity of chromium oxide deposited on different silica supports in the dehydrogenation of propane with CO2 – A comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Schoonheydt RA. UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and microscopy of heterogeneous catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:5051-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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McDaniel MP. A Review of the Phillips Supported Chromium Catalyst and Its Commercial Use for Ethylene Polymerization. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(10)53003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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36
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Kim J, Bhattacharjee S, Jeong KE, Jeong SY, Choi M, Ryoo R, Ahn WS. CrAPO-5 catalysts having a hierarchical pore structure for the selective oxidation of tetralin to 1-tetralone. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Liu H, Wang Z, Hu H, Liang Y, Wang M. Synthesis and characterization of Cr-MSU-1 and its catalytic application for oxidation of styrene. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Widjaja E, Sampanthar JT, Han XD, Goh E. Use of Raman microscopy and band-target entropy minimization technique to differentiate physical mixture from chemical mixture in mixed metal oxides. Catal Today 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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40
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The role of extra-framework chromium species for the catalytic activity of [Cr]APO-5-type materials. CATAL COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2006.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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41
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The charge percolation mechanism and simulation of Ziegler-Natta polymerizations, part VI: Mechanism of ethylene polymerization by supported chromium oxide. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2007. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0711155s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive research over the last 50 years, many questions concerning ethylene polymerization by supported chromium oxide are still unanswered. Hence, the very fundamental issues of this polymerization are discussed in this paper. It is shown that a charge percolation mechanism (CPM) of olefin polymerization by Ziegler-Natta transition metal complexes, recently proposed by us, can give the answers in this case, too.
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42
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Shao Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Anpo M. The photoluminescence of rhodamine B encapsulated in mesoporous Si-MCM-48, Ce-MCM-48, Fe-MCM-48 and Cr-MCM-48 molecular sieves. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Ismagilov I, Ekatpure R, Tsykoza L, Matus E, Rebrov E, de Croon M, Kerzhentsev M, Schouten J. Optimization of anodic oxidation and Cu–Cr oxide catalyst preparation on structured aluminum plates processed by electro discharge machining. Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Groppo E, Lamberti C, Bordiga S, Spoto G, Zecchina A. The Structure of Active Centers and the Ethylene Polymerization Mechanism on the Cr/SiO2 Catalyst: A Frontier for the Characterization Methods. Chem Rev 2005; 105:115-84. [PMID: 15720153 DOI: 10.1021/cr040083s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Groppo
- Department of Inorganic, Physical and Materials Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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45
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Gaspar AB, Martins RL, Schmal M, Dieguez LC. Characterization of Cr2+ and ethylene polymerization on Cr/SiO2 catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(00)00481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Zhu Z, Hartmann M, Maes EM, Czernuszewicz RS, Kevan L. Physicochemical Characterization of Chromium Oxides Immobilized in Mesoporous MeMCM-41 (Me = Al, Ti, and Zr) Molecular Sieves. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp994335i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67763 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67763 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Estelle M. Maes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67763 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Roman S. Czernuszewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67763 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Larry Kevan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67763 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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47
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Weckhuysen BM, Verberckmoes AA, Debaere J, Ooms K, Langhans I, Schoonheydt RA. In situ UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy — on line activity measurements of supported chromium oxide catalysts: relating isobutane dehydrogenation activity with Cr-speciation via experimental design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Mahalingam RJ, Badamali SK, Selvam P. Oxidation of Phenols Over Mesoporous (Cr)MCM-41 Molecular Sieves. CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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50
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Weckhuysen BM, Schoonheydt RA. Recent progress in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of supported metal oxide catalysts. Catal Today 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(98)00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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